Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The results obtained with protracted intra-arterial chemotherapy infusions in 60 case of primary or secondary liver tumor are discussed. The treatment should if possible be associated with surgical excision of the dominant tumor mass. Subjective improvement is obtainable in 75% of cases and objective improvement (including longer survival) in 50%. In some exceptionally favourable cases complete histologic disappearance of the metastases has also been achieved. Carcinoembryonic antigen determination appears to be the most reliable follow-up test.
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PMID:[Treatment of primary and secondary liver tumors using a combination of chemotherapy and surgery]. 12 47

The fact that the national death rate from carcinoma of the colon and rectum has remained static over the past two decades is strong incentive for future investigation of measures to allow detection in its early and more favorable stage. Although no significant improvements in surgical techniques have afforded improvement in longevity, certain technical factors are known to inhibit tumor implantation during surgery. Data suggest that the extent of en bloc resection is the most crucial factor in avoiding recurrence. Extensive use of radiotherapy as the sole method of treatment or as preoperative or postoperative adjunctive therapy remains investigational, but it seems likely that this form of treatment will play an increasing role in the future. Preoperative radiotherapy seems to be useful in reducing the stage of the neoplasm and the incidence of extraserosal involvement; postoperative radiotherapy is beneficial for palliation. Chemotherapy, particularly with the fluorinated pyrimidines (5-FU and 5-FUDR), is being evaluated for its usefulness in lengthening survival time; response to 5-FU is occasionally dramatic. It remains for major investigational centers to clarify the role of combination chemotherapy in metastatic disease. Immunotherapy at present must be considered an unproven mode of treatment and of inconclusive benefit in any stage of colorectal carcinoma. Carcinoembryonic antigen assay is a useful prognostic and diagnostic tool in localizing primary tumor and in subsequent evaluation of response to treatment.
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PMID:Colorectal carcinoma: overview of management techniques. 15 80

We determined estrogen receptor protein and carcinoembryonic antigen in cytosols prepared from 189 human breast carcinoma tissues, 85 benign or normal breast biopsies, and 101 tissue specimens metastatic from breast carcinoma. Carcinoembryonic antigen was observed in 70% of the primary carcinomatous tissues, 15% of the benign or normal specimens, and 51% of the metastases. Ninety-six of the 189 primary carcinomatous specimens with increased concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen were also positive for estrogen receptor protein, whereas 67 of the 72 benign or normal biopsies with low concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen were also negative for estrogen receptor protein. All five fenign specimens with positive estrogen receptor protein and normal carcinoembryonic antigen concentrations were from fibroadenomas. The concordance between estrogen receptor protein and carcinoembryonic antigen in the primary carcinomatous tissue was 66%, in metastatic carcinoma 51%, and in benign and normal tissue 85%.
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PMID:Correlation between estrogen receptor protein and carcinoembryonic antigen in normal and carcinomatous human breast tissue. 18 Nov 80

Carcinoembryonic antigen was determined before treatment in 101 patients with adenocarcinoma of the uterus. If 2.5 ng/ml is accepted as the upper normal value, 34% of the patients with cancer of the corpus had elevated levels. Only 7% had values exceeding 5 ng/ml. The highest recorded value in endometrial carcinoma was 8.5 ng/ml. In adenocarcinoma of the cervix 68% had values over 2.5 ng/ml and a direct correlation between nodal metastases and plasma elevation of CEA was found. The highest recorded value for endocervical cancer was 108 ng/ml. No patient with localized disease had a value over 4.0 ng/ml. It is concluded that adenocarcinomas of the cervix and corpus have different biological properties, and that in adenocarcinoma of the cervix determination of CEA is a reliable indicator of the extent of disease.
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PMID:Studies on carcinoembryonic antigen levels in patients with adenocarcinoma of the uterus. 58 61

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were determined in 114 patients with confirmed lung cancer at the time of diagnosis using the CEA Ire-Sorin radioimmunoassay. Elevated CEA values were found in 47%. Most of the patients with high CEA levels had clinically detectable metastases. Ferritin was detectable by the Laurell-electrophoresis in the serum of 58 out of 81 (72%) of the patients with confirmed lung cancer at the time of diagnosis. Ferritin levels were significantly higher in patients with metastases. Serial measurements of CEA and ferritin during radio- and chemotherapy showed that the assay may be useful to evaluate the effects of therapy. Because of some false negative results both CEA and ferritin determinations should be used only in context with other clinical and laboratory findings.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen and ferritin in patients with lung cancer before and during therapy. 72 75

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were followed in 18 patients with a history of breast cancer to determine the prognostic value of serial determinations in predicting either the development of clinically evident metastatic disease or the progression of previously stable metastatic disease. In patients with local disease, values were in the normal range initially and tended to remain so for the duration of the study, correlating with clinical quiescence. Patients with nodal or extranodal involvement tended to have higher values, but changes could not be consistently correlated with clinical deterioration. Exceptions to these general trends were found in each group. This study suggests that the assay of CEA is of limited predictive value in an individual patient with a history of breast cancer.
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PMID:Prognostic value of carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with breast cancer. 87 24

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was measured in extracts of cell suspensions from tumors of the colon, stomach, breast, lung and kidney. Cell suspensions were also obtained from normal tissue surrounding the primary tumors. The number of neoplastic cells in each cell suspension was determined by cytologic criteria. Highest CEA concentrations were found in cells obtained from carcinoma of the bowel. There also appeared to be a greater difference between the concentrations of CEA in colonic tumors and either surrounding normal tissue or serum, than in tumors of other organs. There was no apparent correlation of the concentration of CEA in tumor cells and the presence or absence of metastases. The presence of CEA in normal cells from tissue adjacent to tumors was suggestive of increased synthesis of CEA by these cells in some cases.
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PMID:The quantitative relationship of carcinoembryonic antigen to tumor cells of different organs. 89 Jun 60

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was determined at the time of diagnosis in 90 patients with lung cancer. CEA levels were elevated in 47 (52%). High CEA levels were often associated with the presence of metastases. Serial CEA determinations in 40 patients, before and after radiotherapy and chemotherapy, revealed that patients who responded to treatment had a decreased CEA level, whereas those with progressive tumour growth had increased ones. CEA assay may, therefore, be useful in detecting metastases and in helping to assess the effect of treatment in patients with lung cancer.
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PMID:[Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in patients with lung cancer: correlation with tumour extent and response to treatment (author's transl)]. 89 88

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is the most widely used tumor marker for colorectal cancer. Plasma CEA levels have been variably associated with prognosis. Since plasma CEA level is multifactorial, CEA gene expression in tumors may provide one precise mechanism to evaluate its functional role. This study evaluated CEA expression at the messenger RNA (mRNA) level in 22 human colorectal carcinomas and their adjacent normal mucosae by Northern blot hybridization using a 32P-labeled CEA probe (a loop-domain specific cDNA, LV7). Both tumor and normal mucosa displayed three mRNA species of 4.0, 3.6, and 3.0 kb in length. The expression of 3.6-kb mRNA which encodes for CEA was dominant and it was correlated with another 4.0-kb CEA mRNA expression. The expression of 3.0-kb mRNA which encodes for nonspecific cross-reacting antigen was weak and not detectable in 8 of 22 colon tumors and 12 of 22 normal colon mucosae. In only one tumor, a 4.5-kb mRNA (which might encode for a new family member of CEA) was expressed. A two- to fourfold higher expression of CEA mRNA (3.6 kb) was observed in 11 of 22 colorectal tumors (2 of 9 proximal colon tumors and 9 of 14 rectosigmoid tumors) when compared with morphologically normal adjacent mucosae. Preoperative plasma CEA levels and Dukes' staging had no correlation with this CEA mRNA expression. CEA mRNA did not appear to correlate with metastasis because its expression in the primary colon cancers with metastases (Dukes' stage D tumor) was not always increased. These data also imply that factors other than mRNA expression in tumor might be important in regulating plasma CEA levels.
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PMID:Differences in messenger RNA expression of carcinoembryonic antigen in surgical specimens of colorectal carcinoma. 129 28

A 50-year-old white man complained of "inflammation" of his right eyelid since January 1989. In June 1990, he had undergone a gastrectomy for an adenocarcinoma of the stomach. In August 1990, his right eye showed a painless, firm infiltration of the upper and lower lid, ulceration and loss of eyelashes of the upper lid and a reddish, subepithelial thickening of the medial bulbar conjunctiva. Biopsies of the right upper lid and nasal bulbar conjunctiva disclosed a metastatic, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach (signet ring cell carcinoma) both in the lid and conjunctival biopsies. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was detected in the tumor cells. Electron microscopic examination revealed tumor cells with signs of secretory activity. Although metastases to the eyelids and conjunctiva are rare, they may precede the clinical manifestation of the primary tumor for months or even years. In patients with chronic, recalcitrant lesions of eyelids or conjunctiva, especially if accompanied by loss of eyelashes, a primary or secondary malignancy should be excluded by early biopsies and histopathological examination.
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PMID:Gastric adenocarcinoma presenting as an eyelid and conjunctival mass. 132 10


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