Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twelve women with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the cervix uteri were followed for 2-15 years after diagnosis. Three patients died within 14 months. All had lymph node metastases and/or vascular involvement and exhibited tumor invasion to a depth of 1.2-3.2 cm. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is defined as a tumor with the appearance of squamous cell carcinoma without any glandular pattern and with demonstrable intracellular mucin. The mucin is best demonstrated by alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff-diastase. In 265 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, stage IB, lymph node metastases were present in 14%. In the cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, the prevalence of nodal metastases was 33%. Because mucoepidermoid carcinomas appear to be more aggressive lesions than squamous cell carcinomas are, it may be advisable to stain all cervical squamous carcinomas for mucin if they demonstrate finely vacuolated cytoplasm and lack peripheral palisading. Immunohistochemical studies for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), keratin, and epithelial membrane antigen were positive in all tumors to varying degrees. The detection of CEA may be of additional help in establishing a diagnosis.
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PMID:Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of uterine cervix stage IB. Long-term follow-up, histochemical and immunohistochemical study. 170 Sep 69

The high incidence (40.6%) of elevated serum pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was demonstrated in patients with various malignancies. Serum PLA2 was significantly increased in cancer patients compared with healthy sex- and age-matched blood donors (358.4 +/- 168.0 vs. 241.7 +/- 69.0 ng/dl; p less than 0.01). No correlation was observed between serum PLA2 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in these patients. Although patients with advanced and distantly metastatic cancer of the liver, gallbladder and pancreas showed higher PLA2 levels in serum than those with early cancer, patients with other cancers showed no correlation between serum PLA2 and clinical stage. A combined assay of PLA2 and CEA increased the sensitivity of detection of cancers to 60.8%.
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PMID:Serum immunoreactive pancreatic phospholipase A2 in patients with various malignant tumors. 170 53

Levels of serum tumor markers including tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), CA 15-3, CA 19-9, squamous cell carcinoma antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, and PAP were measured in 26 patients with bone metastasis and in 9 patients with primary bone tumors. More than one markers was elevated in 19 of the 26 patients with bone metastasis, although there was no elevation of the markers in 3 patients with renal cell carcinoma. TPA was the most sensitive marker in the diagnosis of metastasis. CA 15-3 was also a sensitive marker in this study, since metastasis from breast carcinoma may be the most common of all metastases in the skeleton. On the other hand, alpha-fetoprotein was uniformly unresponsive except in one case of gastric cancer. Combinations of markers are valuable for metastasis screening tests. No definite correlations were found between the markers in this study. On the other hand, there was a slight elevation of the markers observed in two of the nine patients with primary bone lesions. Serum tumor markers are useful in the diagnosis of bone metastasis to differentiate it from primary bone lesions. Especially in solitary bone lesions, serum markers may be the only way to make a differential diagnosis between the two.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of serum tumor markers in skeletal metastasis of carcinomas. 170 81

A 45-year-old Japanese male with a history of macroscopic hematuria for more than 6 months presented multiple metastatic lesions in the lungs. Cystoscopic examination demonstrated a large tumor mass protruding from the dome of the urinary bladder. Ultrasonography and CT highlighted a solid and cystic urachal tumor continuous from the vesical dome to the navel. Serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were elevated to 17,100 ng/ml and 17.7 ng/ml, respectively. He underwent palliative curettage of the vesical dome tumor twice, followed by chemotherapy with little effect. One year after admission, he died of progressive metastases to the lungs, left pleura, liver and brain. Final serum levels of AFP and CEA were 86,200 ng/ml and 60.9 ng/ml, respectively. The tumor was histologically classified as adenocarcinoma with a medullary growth pattern. Both papillotubular and solid (hepatoid) components were observed. The cancer cells were rich in glycogen and were immunoreactive diffusely for AFP and focally for CEA. CA15-3, CA19-9, epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratin were also positive. In addition, argyrophilic cancer cells with immunoreactivities of neuron-specific enolase, chromagranin A and peptide YY were demonstrated. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of AFP-producing adenocarcinoma of urachal origin.
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PMID:Alpha-fetoprotein-producing urachal adenocarcinoma. 171 33

Of 3 patients with clinically localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate 2 were treated by radical prostatectomy and 1 was treated with radiation therapy. Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) values were elevated before therapy. After treatment the PSA levels were decreased to zero. All 3 patients later had evidence of metastatic tumor spread to the liver with elevation of serum carcinoembryonic antigen but not PSA. Immunohistochemical staining of the 2 primary tumors from the prostatectomy specimens identified 2 cell clones, one immunoreactive to PSA and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and nonimmunoreactive to carcinoembryonic antigen, and the other immunoreactive to carcinoembryonic antigen but not PSA or PAP. Biopsy of a hepatic metastasis in 2 patients confirmed anaplastic carcinoma of the carcinoembryonic antigen-producing cell type. Immunohistochemical staining of a lymph node metastasis identified the PSA-producing cell type only. Such results suggest selective metastatic spread of each cell type to its own organ tropic site. Occasional carcinoembryonic antigen-producing prostate cancers may metastasize to the liver. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen measurements occasionally may be useful in the management of certain prostate adenocarcinoma patients.
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PMID:Adenocarcinoma of the prostate involving 2 cell types (prostate specific antigen producing and carcinoembryonic antigen producing) with selective metastatic spread. 171 70

Of the 120 patients with colorectal cancer, 24 had distant metastases of a tumor. In these patients, increase in the level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and ferritin in the peripheral blood serum was noted as compared with those in patients without tumor metastases (P less than 0.001). Measuring of CEA content in the peripheral and regional blood can be used in preoperative diagnosis of metastases of colorectal cancer.
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PMID:[Determination of carcinoembryonic antigen content as a diagnostic and prognostic test in colorectal cancer]. 171 84

The present study was performed to identify tumor cells in lymph nodes from colorectal adenocarcinomas considered free of disease by the classic hematoxylin-eosin stain, based on the detection of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratins in neoplastic epithelial cells. For this purpose, 603 lymph nodes from 46 lesions were stained by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. Tumor cells were detected in 22 nodes from 12 patients, mainly in the subcapsular sinuses, permitting a restaging of these patients into two groups: those now considered to have metastatic disease and those free of metastases. However, the 5-year follow-up showed no statistical differences in survival between the two groups.
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PMID:Restaging of colorectal cancer based on the identification of lymph node micrometastases through immunoperoxidase staining of CEA and cytokeratins. 171 10

The relationship between cellular differentiation and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) production by human colorectal tumor cells and their ability to form hepatic metastases was studied. Eight human colon cancer cell lines were injected into athymic mice using different routes of administration to characterize their metastatic potential. The four poorly differentiated, non or low CEA producing cell lines were poorly metastatic to the liver after intrasplenic injection. After intraperitoneal implantation the same cell lines were highly tumorigenic, and subsequently metastatic to the liver. In contrast, the four moderate to well-differentiated cell lines that produced moderate to high levels of CEA were highly metastatic to the liver following intrasplenic injection. After intraperitoneal implantation they were less tumorigenic, and metastatic to the liver. We conclude that in this system poorly differentiated non or low CEA producing colorectal cell lines have a lower metastatic capacity compared to the well-differentiated high CEA producing colorectal cell lines. These data correlate directly with the pattern of metastatic spread and clinical course observed in patients with these tumors, suggesting that degree of differentiation and level of CEA production may play a role in development of site-specific metastases.
Clin Exp Metastasis 1992 Jan
PMID:Metastatic potential of human colon cancer cell lines: relationship to cellular differentiation and carcinoembryonic antigen production. 173 44

Tumor markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA19-9 were analyzed as response indicators and prognostic factors in advanced colorectal carcinoma. Eighty-five patients participated in a phase II chemotherapy study from October 1984 to July 1990. A three-drug schedule was administered including low dose epirubicin and sequential methotrexate 5-fluorouracil, followed by leucovorin rescue. Serum specimens for CEA and CA19-9 were obtained prior to the initiation of chemotherapy, and subsequently at 4-6 weeks' intervals. In univariate analysis Karnofsky, the site of the primary tumor, the extent of metastases, the presence of abdominal or liver metastases, serum CEA (cut-off of 20 micrograms/l), and CA19-9 levels correlated with survival. In stepwise multivariate analysis an elevated CA19-9 level, a poor Karnofsky, and the presence of liver metastases were independent adverse prognostic factors. Tumors originating from the left colon had a better prognosis than the others. This was related to a higher response rate in this patient group. Serum CA19-9 level was the most significant prognostic factor whether it was entered as a continuous or as a dichotomized variable into the model. The median survival of patients with a normal CA19-9 level was 30.0 months (lower 95% confidence interval: 16.4 months; upper limit was not calculable), and with an elevated CA19-9 value 10.3 months (8.0-12.6 months, 95% confidence interval). Five of 85 patients had a complete response and 20 a partial response, the overall response rate being 29%. When compared with tumor shrinkage, "CEA response" and "CA19-9 response" had a sensitivity of 84% and 88% and specificity of 77% and 67%, respectively. In conclusion, serum CEA value seems to be the best tumor marker for response prediction, while CA19-9 level is one of the best available prognostic indicators in advanced colorectal carcinoma.
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PMID:Elevated CA19-9 as the most significant prognostic factor in advanced colorectal carcinoma. 173 40

A 59-year-old man underwent total gastrectomy for diffuse, poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma diagnosed as linitis plastica. Loss of vision in the right eye 5 months later due to extensive choroidal tumours was the first indication of metastatic disease. Radiologic studies showed multiple bony metastases. The blind, painful eye was enucleated. Pathological examination of the globe showed massive metastatic mucus-secreting adenocarcinoma of the choroid, with positive immunohistochemical staining for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) of the foci of the more highly differentiated neoplastic cells. The plasma CEA level had been normal. The patient died 3 months after enucleation from metastatic disease.
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PMID:Gastric linitis plastica metastatic to the uvea. 175 16


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