Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and serum enzyme levels of phosphohexose isomerase (PHI), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (psi-GTP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured in 147 patients with malignancy. Levels were higher in patients (particularly with G.I., breast and lung cancers) than in normals or in patients with cancer in clinical remission. Elevations of CEA and of all three enzymes in blood were most frequent in patients with hepatic metastases. CEA elevations correlated directly with PHI levels. Seventy-eight percent of patients with metastatic G.I. cancer could be identified by CEA (greater than 5 ng/ml) alone, as well as 38% with breast cancer and 85% with lung cancer; but only 17% of other cancers could be identified by CEA alone. CEA or one or more enzymes was elevated in 64% of metastatic breast cancer patients, 92% of lung cancer and 41% of other cancers, but enzyme measurement did not increase identification of G.I. cancer over that achieved by CEA alone. These findings suggest that circulating levels of CEA, PHI, psi-GTP and LDH may reflect a direct contribution from the malignant tissue and/or liver malfunction secondary to liver replacement.
 ...
PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen and phosphohexose isomerase, gammaglutamyl transpeptidase and lactate dehydorgenase levels in patients with and without liver metastases. 0 19

A method employed in the authors' laboratory for isolating the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) from tumours of the entodermal digestive tract and their metastases is described. The main step is fractionation of the preparations obtained by perchloric acid extraction using gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, Sepharose 4 B, and Sepharose 6 B at pH 4.5 and 7.0. The peaks with CEA-specific antigeneity were characterized by the distribution coefficient of the CEA between the mobile and the stationary phases (Kav), and by the relative elution volume (ve/vo). The CEA purified by gel filtration could not reliably be enriched through preparative electrophoresis in Sephadex G-25 gel, polyacrylamide gel or Pevikon powder. The isolation procedures used were compared with those reported in the literature, and the results obtained are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Isolation of carcinoembryonic antigen]. 5 26

"Fingerprints" of 0.9% NaCl solution extracts obtained from fetal guts and individual adenocarcinoma of the colon show a randomized pattern of expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) determinants by CEA radioimmunoassay and isoelectric focusing. All CEA-containing antigens found in a pool of 20 primary adenomas were found at some stage in fetal development. No single CEA-reacting peak was typical of any one period of fetal development. When fetal gut profiles were grouped according to trimester in utero, however, an expanded gene pool was found in the second trimester which correlates well with maximum gastrointestinal growth and differentiation. Isoelectric focusing-CEA radioimmunoassay profiles of individual primary adenomas were similar to but never identical with individual fetal gut profiles. "Fingerprints" of metastatic adenomas of entodermal origin showed quantitative and qualitative increases in molecules with CEA determinants unlike these latter categories. Such data suggest that both integrator and controller gene activities may be lost in metastatic disease. Rather than "phase-specific gene sets" on different chromosomes being activated by various oncogenic modalities, it is more probable that individual chromosomes are involved in oncogenesis. While more data are needed to confirm this idea, it is safe to say that the expression of molecules with CEA determinants need not be caused by either derepressive or reexpressive gene activation. These data point to the individuality of gene expression of molecules with CEA determinants both in fetal development and in early neoplasia. Since CEA-reacting molecules were not found in tumors of ectodermal or mesodermal origin by these methods, such products should be termed carcino-developmental antigens of entodermal or colonic origin.
 ...
PMID:Gene activation of molecules with carcinoembryonic antigen determinants in fetal development and in adenocarcinoma of the colon. 6 12

Five tumor markers were measured simultaneously in serum by radioimmunoassay: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotrophin (HGC), the beta subunit of HCG, and Kappa casein. In a population of 935 normal subjects these antigens were undetectable or found within precise limits. In patients with tumors of various origins the rate of pathologically elevated levels was 72% at the beginning of the clinical course (194 cases). This high rate was primarily due to the simultaneous measurement of CEA, betaHCG, HCG, and casein. AFP was of little importance. The simultaneous measurement of these tumor markers may be one biochemical element of diagnosis of carcinoma, although this criterion is neither absolute nor specific, as 14.7% of patients with non-neoplastic disorders (234 cases) were positive for one antigen. In the presence of metastases (112 cases) the rate of pathologic levels of at least one antigen was increased: 86% due to CEA and casein assay at the same time as their absolute levels were increased. Surgical removal reduces the rate of positivity of these antigens to 37%. As was shown in patients with breast cancer, the rate was 10% when the tumor had been removed at Stage N- and 54% when it was removed at Stage N+. Thus, the persistence of pathologic levels could be correlated with the capacity for recurrence or metastases. Finally chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both, do not decrease the rate of positivity of the tumor markers.
 ...
PMID:Simultaneous assays of cancer-associated antigens in various neoplastic disorders. 6 15

Nineteen biochemical parameters, most of which have been individually advocated as tumour-index-substances for breast cancer, were measured in 51 patients with breast disease, 42 of whom had active breast cancer. Seven of these parameters were raised in more than half of the 17 patients of the series with overt metastases; these were serum ferritin (88%), C-reactive protein (87%), carcinoembryonic antigen (81%), acid glycoprotein (75%), total alkaline phosphatase (64%), sialyl transferase (56%), andthe urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio (73%). The incidence of biochemical abnormalities in patients in this group compared favourably with the results of physical methods of detecting metastases. 7 of 16 further patients without evidence of distant metastases, but who had a poor prognosis as judged by histology of the primary tumour and axillary lymph-nodes, had abnormalities of at least one of the seven parameters. 3 of these patients have relapsed within a year of mastectomy. The results suggest that these biochemical tests could assist in monitoring metastatic disease and could indicate at the time of mastectomy, patients who might benefit from immediate systemic therapy in addition to local treatment of their breast carcinomas.
 ...
PMID:Biochemical markers in human breast cancer. 6 63

A radioimmunoassay for carcinoembryonic antigen with utilization of the so-called sandwich method was established and used for clinical investigation. A collaborative study was made through the cooperation of 34 institutions in Japan, and serum samples from about 400 normal adults, 500 patients with benign diseases, and 1500 cancer patients were assayed. About 90% of the normal adults showed carcinoembryonic antigen levels of under 2.5 ng/ml. The benign disease group showed somewhat higher levels than did the normal group, and the cancer group had levels significantly higher than those of the benign group. The levels were strikingly high in cases of advanced cancer with metastases. The specificity of carcinoembryonic antigen and its antiserum is discussed.
 ...
PMID:A collaborative clinical study of carcinoembryonic antigen in Japan. 6 88

Levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), ferritin and alpha 2-pregency associated glycoprotein (alpha-2-PAG) were determined in patients with confirmed lung cancer at the time of diagnosis and in serial determinations during and after radio- or chemotherapy. Whereas AFP levels were not elevated in patients with lung cancer, increased levels of CEA, ferritin and alpha-2-PAG were found in more than 50% of the patients. The results suggest that determination of CEA, ferritin and alpha-2-PAG in the serum of patients with lung cancer may be useful to detect metastases or recurrences and to monitor the results of treatment. Furthermore, in this study CEA and ferritin could be demonstrated in extracts of lung tumor tissues by specific antisera.
 ...
PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha 1-fetoprotein, ferritin, and alpha 2-pregnancy associated glycoprotein in the serum of lung cancer patients and its demonstration in lung tumor tissues. 7 56

In 53 p.c. of 175 patients with bronchial carcinoma the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was elevated at the time of diagnosis. In patients with small well bordered tumors (T 1/2) 31 p.c. proved pathological CEA-values in comparison to 80 p.c. in patients with heamatogenic metastases. After radical tumor resection (36 patients) elevated CEA-levels returned to normal ranges within 5 weeks. No decrease could be observed after palliative operations (16 patients). If there existed haematogenic metastases normal CEA-values increased postoperative. Such an increase occured up to ten weeks before metastases could be found by other methods. In cases of bronchial carcinoma CEA-measurements are usefull to evaluate the effect of operation and in the follow up time. It should be carried out on principle in those patients which can be considered for a surgical therapy.
 ...
PMID:[The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in bronchial carcinoma before and after operation (author's transl)]. 7 67

The physical, chemical and immunochemical properties of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) purified from hepatic metastases of eight tumours, originating in the colon (6), stomach (1) and lung (1), have been examined. Differences were observed in the overall molecular charge, and also in the carbohydrate composition of the different preparations (both total % carbohydrate, and mole % of the individual sugars). Negligible differences in amino acid composition were found. Gel filtration analysis of these CEA preparations and an additional four partially purified preparations (from pancreatic, hepatic, breast and oesophageal tumour tissues) revealed a single CEA-active peak of similar molecular weight (about 200,000-300,000 daltons) in all preparations. Radioimmunoassay data for the twelve CEA preparations indicated that all preparations contain the same antigenic determinants, as detected by our antiserum, but that there are differences in the expression of these determinants in different preparations.
 ...
PMID:Physicochemical and immunochemical properties of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) from different tumour sources. 8 70

We determined estrogen receptor protein and carcinoembryonic antigen in cytosols prepared from 189 human breast carcinoma tissues, 85 benign or normal breast biopsies, and 101 tissue specimens metastatic from breast carcinoma. Carcinoembryonic antigen was observed in 70% of the primary carcinomatous tissues, 15% of the benign or normal specimens, and 51% of the metastases. Ninety-six of the 189 primary carcinomatous specimens with increased concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen were also positive for estrogen receptor protein, whereas 67 of the 72 benign or normal biopsies with low concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen were also negative for estrogen receptor protein. All five fenign specimens with positive estrogen receptor protein and normal carcinoembryonic antigen concentrations were from fibroadenomas. The concordance between estrogen receptor protein and carcinoembryonic antigen in the primary carcinomatous tissue was 66%, in metastatic carcinoma 51%, and in benign and normal tissue 85%.
 ...
PMID:Correlation between estrogen receptor protein and carcinoembryonic antigen in normal and carcinomatous human breast tissue. 18 Nov 80


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>