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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primary tumors of the spine are relatively infrequent lesions compared with metastatic disease, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. However, when a solitary lesion of the spine occurs, these neoplasms represent an important group of entities for diagnostic consideration. A wide variety of benign neoplasms can involve the spine, including osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, aneurysmal bone cyst, giant cell tumor, enostosis, and osteochondroma. Common primary nonlymphoproliferative malignant neoplasms of the spine include chordoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma or primitive neuroectodermal tumor, and osteosarcoma. The imaging features of these lesions of the spine are often characteristic. These changes include a small sclerotic focus with irregular thorny margins in the vertebral body (enostosis), a small radiolucent nidus with central calcification in the posterior elements of the vertebral body (osteoid osteoma), a large expansile lesion with multiple fluid-fluid levels (aneurysmal bone cyst), and an aggressive mineralized mass (chondroid or osteoid) with osseous and soft-tissue involvement (chondrosarcoma or osteosarcoma). Radiologists should be aware of the appearance of these unusual neoplasms in order to provide a complete differential diagnosis and to guide clinical colleagues in patient treatment.
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PMID:From the archives of the AFIP. Primary tumors of the spine: radiologic pathologic correlation. 888 95

Radioguided surgery (RGS) is a surgical technique that enables the surgeon to identify tissue "marked" by a radionuclide before surgery, based on the tissue characteristics, the radioactive tracer and its carrying molecule, or the affinity of both. Thus, yet another tool has been added to the inspection and palpation traditionally used by the surgeon. Current clinical applications of radioguided surgery are: radioimmunoguided surgery (RIGS) for colon cancer, sentinel-node mapping for malignant melanoma (which has become state-of-the-art), sentinel-node mapping for breast, vulvar and penile cancer, and detection of parathyroid adenoma and bone tumour (such as osteid osteoma). Although the same gamma-detecting probe (GDP) may be used for all these applications, the carrier substance and the radionuclide differ. MoAb and peptides are used for RIGS, sulphur colloid for sentinel-node mapping, iodine-125 for RIGS, technetium-99m for sentinel node, parathyroid and bone. The mode of injection also differs, but there are some common principles of gamma-guided surgery. RIGS enables the surgeon to corroborate tumour existence, find occult metastases, and assess the margins of resection; this may result in a change on the surgical plan. Sentinel lymph-node (SLN) scintigraphy for melanoma guides the surgeon to find the involved lymph nodes for lymph-node dissection. SLN for breast cancer is being investigated with promising results. This procedure has also changed the outlook of lymph-node pathology by giving the pathologist designated tissue samples for more comprehensive examination. Gamma-guided surgery will result in more accurate and less unnecessary surgery, better pathology and, hopefully, in better patient survival.
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PMID:Clinical applications of gamma-detection probes - radioguided surgery. 1019 30

Eleven cases are described of an unusual, benign, fibro-osseous lesion of rib previously reported under a variety of designations, including painless fibro-osseous lesion resembling osteoid osteoma, symmetrical fibro-osseous dysplasia, focal Erdheim-Chester disease, and fibro-osseous pseudotumor. All patients were adults, most of whom were asymptomatic, the lesion discovered by bone scans done to rule out metastatic disease. A single rib was involved in eight patients and multiple ribs in three. A roentgenographic abnormality was apparent in only five patients. Histologically, all lesions showed a bland fibrous stroma in which resided an anastomosing network of bone trabeculae, having a zonal pattern of maturation from metaplastic woven to mature lamellar bone, with or without an associated xanthomatous component. Seven patients had a history of previous trauma, three with fractured ribs. Considering the relative infrequency of solitary rib lesions attributable to metastatic disease, it is proposed that in most cases there is no need for a diagnostic rib resection for these incidentally discovered, posttraumatic reparative lesions.
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PMID:Posttraumatic fibro-osseous lesion of rib. 1041 95

Primary tumors of the spine are relatively infrequent lesions compared with metastatic disease, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma which are the more frequent neoplasms of the spine and usually manifest with multifocal lesions and thus pose little diagnostic dilemma. However, in the presence of a solitary spinal lesion, the more uncommon primary tumors of the spine represent an important group of entities for diagnostic consideration. The most common benign and malignant primary tumors of the spine are enostosis, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, giant cell tumor, aneurysmal bone cyst, osteochondroma, chordoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, and osteosarcoma. The imaging features of these lesions are often characteristic. Radiologists should be aware of the appearance of these unusual tumors in order to provide a complete differential diagnosis.
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PMID:Primary bone tumors and pseudotumors of the lumbosacral spine. 1096 37

Primary osseous tumors of the spine are rare lesions and much less frequently encountered than metastases, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. The interpreting radiologist must be aware of the typical radiographic appearance of the most common nonmyeloproliferative tumors of the spine because these tumors must be considered when a solitary spinal lesion is encountered. The purpose of this article is to describe the radiologic appearance and radiologic staging of the most common benign (hemangioma, enostosis, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, giant cell tumor, aneurysmal bone cyst, and osteochondroma) and malignant (chordoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing tumor, and osteosarcoma) osseous spine tumors.
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PMID:Primary tumors of the spine. 1137 21

Lesions that involve the cortex of the tibia are fairly common in radiology practice. However, the number of diseases that involve the tibial cortex is great, and it can be difficult to arrive at a limited differential diagnosis from radiographic findings. Categorization of lesions of the tibia into those that cause cortical destruction and those that cause cortical proliferation can help narrow the broad differential diagnosis. Lesions that cause cortical destruction include nonossifying fibroma, fibrous dysplasia, osteofibrous dysplasia, aneurysmal bone cyst, giant cell tumor, eosinophilic granuloma, Ewing sarcoma, neurofibromatosis, adamantinoma, osteoblastoma, chondromyxoid fibroma, hemangioendothelioma, renal cell metastatic disease, hemangioma, and hemangiopericytoma. Lesions that cause cortical proliferation include osteochondroma, stress fracture, osteoid osteoma, periosteal osteogenic sarcoma, diaphyseal dysplasia, venous stasis, cellulitis, chronic osteomyelitis, osteopathia striatum, and melorheostosis. Conventional radiography along with clinical and pathologic data can aid in diagnosis of the wide variety of disease processes that involve the tibial cortex.
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PMID:Cortical lesions of the tibia: characteristic appearances at conventional radiography. 1253 51

Radiopaque lesions and lesions of mixed radioopacity are far less frequent than their radiolucent counterparts. Included in this spectrum are infectious and metastatic disease, inherited and developmental disorders and rare tumoral lesions. This article deals with the imaging features that may assist in the (differential) diagnosis of these lesions. in many instances, the radiological characterization is typical (osteoma, enostoma, fibrous dysplasia, Paget disease...), obviating the need for further invasive histological confirmation. Other lesions may share overlapping clinical, radiological and pathological features. In these cases, correlation of histopathological diagnosis with clinical findings and imaging features is of utmost importance for a correct diagnosis.
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PMID:Tumors and tumor-like lesions of the jaw mixed and radiopaque lesions. 1672 46

Bone marrow oedema is associated with a wide variety of pathological processes including both benign and malignant bone tumours. This imaging finding in relation to intraosseous tumours can aid in providing a more focused differential diagnosis. In this review, we will discuss the MR imaging of bone marrow oedema surrounding intraosseous neoplasms. The different pulse sequences used in differentiating underlying tumour from surrounding oedema are discussed along with the role of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI. Benign lesions commonly associated with bone marrow oedema include osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, chondroblastoma and Langerhan's cell histiocytosis. Metastases and malignant primary bone tumours such as osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma and chondrosarcoma may also be surrounded by bone marrow oedema. The imaging findings of these conditions are reviewed and illustrated. Finally, the importance of bone marrow oedema in assessment of post chemotherapeutic response is addressed.
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PMID:Bone marrow oedema associated with benign and malignant bone tumours. 1835 60

Metastatic disease, myeloma, and lymphoma are the most common malignant spinal tumors. Hemangioma is the most common benign tumor of the spine. Other primary osseous lesions of the spine are more unusual but may exhibit characteristic imaging features that can help the radiologist develop a differential diagnosis. Radiologic evaluation of a patient who presents with osseous vertebral lesions often includes radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Because of the complex anatomy of the vertebrae, CT is more useful than conventional radiography for evaluating lesion location and analyzing bone destruction and condensation. The diagnosis of spinal tumors is based on patient age, topographic features of the tumor, and lesion pattern as seen at CT and MR imaging. A systematic approach is useful for recognizing tumors of the spine with characteristic features such as bone island, osteoid osteoma, osteochondroma, chondrosarcoma, vertebral angioma, and aneurysmal bone cyst. In the remaining cases, the differential diagnosis may include other primary spinal tumors, vertebral metastases and major nontumoral lesions simulating a vertebral tumor, Paget disease, spondylitis, echinococcal infection, and aseptic osteitis. In many cases, vertebral biopsy is warranted to guide treatment.
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PMID:Diagnostic imaging of solitary tumors of the spine: what to do and say. 1863 27

Uveal metastases are the most frequent malign intraocular tumour, of which more than 80% are localized in the choroids. This, together with the progressive increase in its incidence, makes its study and review necessary for a correct diagnosis and treatment in current clinical practice. Etiology varies according to the sex of the patient: lung carcinoma metastasises most frequently in men and breast carcinoma in women. These tend to multifocality and are generally localized in the posterior pole. Fifty percent of cases follow an asymptomatic development, but they can cause loss of vision, scotomas, metamorphopsias and photopsias. Charactersitic ophthamoscopic examination shows a placoid, homogenous choroidal lesion with a creamy appearance. The differential diagnosis must consider the amelanotic nevus, choroidal amelanotic melanoma, choroidal haemangioma, rear scleritis, choroidal osteoma, chorioretinitis, Harada's disease, rhegmatogenous retina detachment, uveal effusion syndrome, and serous central chorioretinopathy. An exhaustive history and complete ophthalmological examination are essential to the diagnosis, to which fluorescein angiography, ocular echography, fine needle puncture aspiration (FNPA), computerized tomography and magnetic resonance can be added as complementary tests. Treatment of these tumours is usually the systemic treatment of the primary tumour; the possibilities of local treatment are observation, external radiotherapy, transpupillary thermotherapy and enucleation.
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PMID:[Choroidal metastases]. 1916


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