Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Image-guided localized proton magnetic resonance can now increasingly be used with clinical 1.5T MR systems. To fuel the discussion on whether spectroscopy will become a routine modality or whether it will remain a research tool, we report on our experience with a stimulated echo sequence in 60 patients harboring intracranial tumors and 79 patients suffering from various forms of cerebral ischemia. Spectroscopy was incorporated into a routine imaging protocol, and the parameters of TR = 1500 ms, TE = 270 ms were kept constant over a 3-year period. Relative changes in the metabolite concentrations were estimated from peak height and area calculations compared with the spectra of 66 normal volunteers. The spectra of the volunteers did not show significant interindividual variations, and there were no changes during photic stimulation in a subgroup of 6 volunteers. All tumor patients' spectra were significantly different from those of normal controls. Low grade gliomas showed decreased levels of N-acetyl-aspartate and some had elevated levels of lactate. Oligodendrogliomas had higher choline levels than astrocytomas. High grade gliomas had higher levels of lactate and lower N-acetyl-aspartate ratios. Meningiomas were characterized by absence of N-acetyl-aspartate, and some metastases showed a lipid signal at 1 ppm. Spectra of ischemic brain tissue were also abnormal, revealing lowered N-acetyl-aspartate and elevated lactate. The changes paralleled the severity of ischemia and pronounced abnormalities were associated with an inferior outcome. Further technical improvements, including absolute quantification of metabolite concentrations and smaller sensitive volumes, will allow direct monitoring of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in intracranial tumors and cerebral ischemia]. 827 89

A rare case is reported of primary brain tumour with histological features of anaplastic oligodendroglioma, with metastases outside the central nervous system. Of interest is a short remission after treatment with cyclophosphamide and vepesid which shows that this type of tumour is sensitive in a way to chemotherapy.
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PMID:[A rare case of dissemination of anaplastic oligodendroma outside the central nervous system]. 850 65

We report a patient with oligodendroglioma metastases 1 year after tumour debulking and postoperative radiotherapy to the parietal lobe primary. This treatment controlled the patient's tumour locally. Distant recurrence was manifest by back pain, weight loss and malaise. The serum alkaline phosphatase was raised and a bone scan showed generalized increased uptake. Bone marrow trephine revealed infiltration by oligodendroglioma. Bone marrow infiltration by gliomas is very rare. If the trephine had not been performed it might have been assumed that he had a disseminated second primary tumour.
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PMID:Bone marrow infiltration by a parietal lobe grade III oligodendroglioma. 858 60

A case of clear cell meningioma in a 12-year-old male is reported. The tumor was located at the left side cerebellopontine angle, and characterized by sheets of patternless clear cells rich in cytoplasmic glycogen. Vague whorl formation and focal small clusters of typical meningothelial cells were the most important diagnostic features. The tumor cells showed positive immunoreactivity for vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and S100 protein. Cytokeratin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were negative. Ultrastructural features exhibited were abundant cytoplasmic glycogen particles, desmosome-like junctions and tangles of intermediate filaments, while cell membrane interdigitations were few. Clear cell meningioma is rare and is potentially aggressive in that it may recur, spread locally, and even metastasize, despite its bland histologic appearance. There is probably a predilection for younger age group. It is histologically unique but should be differentiated from other mimicking clear cell tumors of the central nervous system, including metastatic renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastoma, oligodendroglioma, and clear cell ependymoma.
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PMID:Clear cell meningioma: a case report. 880 10

The telomeric repeat amplification protocol was used to detect expression of telomerase in primary intracranial tumors. Expression was confined to high-grade variants; 10 of 19 glioblastoma multiforme tumors and 5 of 5 primitive neuroectodermal tumors showed telomerase activity. Two of 8 anaplastic gliomas (1 anaplastic oligodendroglioma and 1 anaplastic oligoastrocytoma) were positive for telomerase. Of 16 meningiomas tested, only the 2 atypical variants were positive for telomerase. Two hemangiopericytomas of the central nervous system also showed expression of telomerase. Twenty-two pituitary adenomas (including 6 invasive variants), 2 low-grade gliomas, 2 ependymomas, and 8 nonneoplastic brain specimens were negative. It was concluded that expression of telomerase is found in most glioblastoma multiforme tumors; primitive neuroectodermal tumors appeared to be more uniformly positive. Expression of telomerase in atypical variants of meningioma and hemangiopericytomas of the central nervous system correlated with the potential for aggressive local growth and metastases. Despite the invasive tendency of some pituitary adenomas, telomerase was not detected in these tumors, which suggests that other pathways account for their aggressive behavior.
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PMID:Differential telomerase expression in human primary intracranial tumors. 912 67

The case history is presented of a patient with primary intracerebral oligodendroglioma, who received multiple therapies for local recurrence. Four years following the initial diagnosis, the patient presented with spinal cord compression due to intradural metastases. The patterns of recurrence and metastases in oligodendroglioma are discussed.
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PMID:Intradural drop metastases in oligodendrogliomas. 936 33

The rarity of extraneural metastases from a central nervous system (CNS) tumour may mean that the manifestations of a metastatic lesion are confused with a second pathology. This report concerns a patient who developed a fatal and clinically unexplained, pancytopaenia 3 months after removal of an anaplastic oligodendroglioma. Postmortem revealed widespread bone marrow dissemination of the CNS primary and a solitary liver metastasis. A brief review of the literature and some possible reasons for the rarity of extracranial metastases are discussed.
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PMID:Pancytopaenia from a disseminated anaplastic oligodendroglioma. 946 Jul 19

Cadherins are a family of glycoproteins that are associated with cell adhesion mechanisms. They are divided into subclasses. The E- and P-cadherins are regarded as the epithelial subtype. Their expression has been demonstrated in many different carcinoma types. Using immunomorphological techniques, we studied the expression of E-cadherin in a series of 145 human brain tumours with the monoclonal antibody 5H9. Western blot analysis was used to confirm the immunohistochemical data. The tumour types represented were astrocytoma WHO I (n = 7), astrocytoma WHO II (n = 6), astrocytoma WHO III (n = 14), glioblastoma WHO IV (n = 8), oligodendroglioma WHO II (n = 5), ependymoma WHO II (n = 5), choroid plexus papilloma WHO I (n = 5), pineoblastoma WHO IV (n = 5), medulloblastoma WHO IV (n = 5), neurinoma WHO I (n = 5), meningioma WHO I and WHO III (n = 75) and pituitary adenoma WHO I (n = 5). Only choroid plexus papillomas (5/5) and meningiomas showed E-cadherin expression. In benign meningiomas (n = 45; 100%), positive E-cadherin immunoreactivity was found regardless of the histomorphological subtype. E-Cadherin was also expressed in 21 WHO I meningiomas (100%) invading dura, bone, brain, and muscle. In contrast, E-cadherin was absent from the majority of morphologically malignant meningiomas (6/9, 66.6%). In addition, in recurrent meningiomas (n = 9), E-cadherin expression in the recurrent tumours was identical to that in the primary neoplasm except in cases with malignant progression, where the malignant recurrent tumour was E-cadherin negative. In 2 cases of metastasizing meningiomas, no E-cadherin immunoreactivity was found in the primary tumours or their metastases.
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PMID:E-Cadherin in human brain tumours: loss of immunoreactivity in malignant meningiomas. 950 62

Indications of surgical treatment for lesions in functional cerebral areas depend on the ratio between the definitive neurological deficit and the beneficial effect of resection. Detection of eloquent cortex is difficult because of important individual variability. Peroperative direct cortical and subcortical electrical stimulations (DCS) provide the most precise and reliable method currently available allowing identification and preservation of neurons essential for motricity, sensitivity++ and language. We report our preliminary experience with DCS in surgery of intracerebral infiltrative tumors with a consecutive series of 15 patients operated from November 96 through September 97 in our institution. Presenting symptoms in the 15 patients (8 males, 7 females, mean age 43 years) were seizures in 11 cases (73%) and neurological deficit in 4 cases (27%). Clinical examination was normal in 11 patients and revealed hemiparesia in 4. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with three-dimensional reconstruction showed a precentral tumor in 10 cases, central lesion in one patient, postcentral lesion in two cases, right insular tumor (non-dominant hemisphere) in one case. All patients underwent surgical resection using DCS with detection in 13 cases of motor cortex and subcortical pathways under genera anesthesia, in one case of somatosensory area under local anesthesia, and in one case of language areas also under local anesthesia. The tumor was recurrent in two patients had been operated earlier but without DCS. Resection, verified by postoperative MRI, was total in 12 cases (80%) and estimated at 80% in 3 patients. Histological examination revealed an infiltrative glioma in 12 cases (8 low grade astrocytomas, 3 low grade oligodendrogliomas, and one anaplastic oligodendroglioma), and metastases in 3 cases. Eight patients had no postoperative deficit, while the other 7 patients were impaired, with, in all cases except one, complete recovery in 15 days to 2 months. Direct cortical and subcortical electrical stimulations offer a reliable, precise and safe method, allowing functional mapping especially useful in case of infiltrative cerebral tumors in eloquent areas. This technique allows improvement in the quality of tumoral resection and concurrently a minimization of the risk of definitive postoperative neurological deficit.
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PMID:[Preoperative direct cortical and sub-cortical electric stimulation during cerebral surgery in functional areas]. 1048 45

76Br-bromodeoxyuridine has previously been suggested as a PET tracer to characterize proliferation potential. However, in animal studies a large fraction of the tissue radioactivity is due to 76Br-bromide, which remains extracellular for extensive periods and contributes significantly to the level of radioactivity. The present project aimed at investigating whether in human brain tumors, sufficient amounts of 76Br-bromodeoxyuridine would be incorporated into DNA, to motivate further attempts with this tracer. Eight patients with brain tumors: 3 meningiomas, 2 astrocytoma grade IV, 1 astrocytoma oligodendroglioma grade II-IV and 2 metastases, were examined with PET and 76Br-BrdU on three occasions: immediately after injection of the tracer, at 4-6, and at 18-20 hours after administration. After the first PET study, diuresis was introduced and maintained for about 12 hours. About 20 hours after tracer administration, 200 mg/m(2) bromodeoxyuridine was administered to 7 patients median 5.8 (range 1-22) hours prior to operation allowing the immunohistochemical analysis of the proliferation potential. During the operation, tumor samples were taken and radioactivity in DNA extracted and measured. The uptake of radioactivity was higher in the tumors than in brain parenchyma. However, in the operative samples only 1-27% (average: 9%) of the radioactivity was found in the DNA fraction. The plasma radioactivity remained high throughout the study with only minimal signs of elimination by the diuresis. 76Br-BrdU is extensively metabolized to 76Br-bromide, and only a minor fraction of the radioactivity is found in the DNA fraction, making it unlikely that this tracer can be used for assessment of proliferation potential.
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PMID:Analysis of 76Br-BrdU in DNA of brain tumors after a PET study does not support its use as a proliferation marker. 1118 65


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