Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Leiomyosarcoma of the head and neck is very rare, as only about 100 cases have been reported; of these, only 3 cases have been previously reported in the parapharyngeal space. We report the fourth such case, and we review the features of this entity. The patient was an 84-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department for treatment of an 18-month history of right-sided headache, a 6-month history of right-sided hearing loss and nasal obstruction, and a 2-month history of dysphagia. Physical examination revealed a bulge in the right side of the soft palate and the right lateral nasopharyngeal wall and complete obstruction of the right eustachian tube. Indirect laryngoscopy detected a bulge in the right lateral hypopharyngeal wall. Otoscopy revealed otitis media with effusion in the right ear. Imaging demonstrated a space-occupying lesion in the right parapharyngeal space that extended from the base of the skull to the level of the hypopharynx. Biopsy and histology identified the mass as a leiomyosarcoma. Metastasis to the brain was discovered shortly thereafter, and the patient died 10 months later. The unusual presentation of head and neck leiomyosarcoma requires a high index of suspicion and appropriate diagnostic imaging. Surgical excision is the recommended treatment when feasible; chemoradiotherapy does not appear to affect disease progression.
Ear Nose Throat J 2014 Jul
PMID:Leiomyosarcoma of the parapharyngeal space: a very rare entity. 2502 22

We conducted a study of 19 patients who had laryngeal cancer with subglottic extension (LCSE) and pathologically negative lymph nodes (pN0) following total laryngectomy and neck dissection (TLND). These patients had undergone surgery during a 17-year period from 1986 through 2002. Of this group, 9 did not receive postoperative radiotherapy (non-RT group) and 10 did (RT group). Adjuvant irradiation had been administered to those with additional histopathologic risk factors for recurrence. We found that recurrence rates in the neck were 44% in the non-RT group and 11% in the RT group (1 of 9 evaluable patients), and the corresponding 5-year disease-free survival rates were 51 and 89%. While both of these differences were clinically significant, neither was statistically significant (p = 0.29 and p = 0.14, respectively). The presence of LCSE was not known prior to or during TLND in 4 non-RT patients and in 7 RT patients; their corresponding neck recurrence rates were 50 and 0%. Two of 8 patients (25%) whose ipsilateral lobe of the thyroid gland was not removed experienced a stomal recurrence. We conclude that three factors can be used to identify patients with pN0 LCSE who may be candidates for adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy: (1) a failure to remove the ipsilateral thyroid gland lobe during TLND, (2) a failure to examine the level VI lymph node for metastatic disease status, and (3) unfavorable histopathologic findings.
Ear Nose Throat J 2014 Aug
PMID:Postoperative management in laryngeal cancer with subglottic extension and histologically negative nodes: which patients need adjuvant radiotherapy? 2518 65

Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare type of ameloblastoma that has received little mention in the literature. While a number of cases have been published over many years, no institution has been able to produce a substantial case series. Ameloblastic carcinoma originates in the embryonic tooth components. It is believed to be an aggressive tumor that can metastasize; once metastasis occurs, the prognosis tends to be poor. Ameloblastic carcinoma is primarily a surgical condition that is best treated with resection; there has been little indication that other modalities are helpful. We present the case of a 40-year-old woman who was found to have a mandibular lesion by a dentist. After surgical resection, the tumor was found to be an ameloblastic carcinoma. The patient recovered without complication, and she was recurrence-free 18 months postoperatively. We also briefly review the available literature on the natural history of and management options for this rare tumor.
Ear Nose Throat J 2014 Sep
PMID:A rare case of ameloblastic carcinoma. 2525 57

Primary branchiogenic carcinoma is a rare condition. In fact, most of the cases that were previously reported as such were actually cystic metastases of oropharyngeal carcinomas. We report a true case of primary branchial cleft cyst carcinoma. Our patient was a 42-year-old woman who presented with a painless fluctuant swelling in the right side of her neck. The lesion was completely excised, and pathology identified it as a squamous cell carcinoma in a branchial cleft cyst. Patients with this condition require a careful evaluation of the entire head and neck region, especially the oropharynx, to look for any cystic metastasis of the primary tumor.
Ear Nose Throat J 2014 Sep
PMID:Report of a rare case of carcinoma arising in a branchial cyst. 2525 59

Malignant melanomas in the head and neck region are uncommon. When they do occur, they usually represent a metastasis. To the best of our knowledge, only 11 cases of primary malignant melanoma of the external auditory canal have been previously reported in the English-language literature since 1954. We describe a new case, which occurred in a 72-year-old woman who presented with a large, lobulated, pigmented mass with ulcerated bleeding on its surface. The patient was scheduled for surgery, but during preoperative preparations she developed signs of rapid dissemination and metastases to the liver and lungs, and she died of multiple organ failure within 3 weeks of presentation. Apart from the rarity of malignant melanoma of the external auditory canal, this case included other extraordinary features that make it noteworthy. Our experience with this case underscores the importance of early diagnosis and prompt initiation of treatment for patients with this potentially fatal malignancy.
Ear Nose Throat J
PMID:Primary malignant melanoma of the external auditory canal extending into the preauricular area and scalp. 2539 81

While metastases to the paranasal sinuses are unusual, metastases to the sphenoid sinus are exceedingly rare, especially metastases of a cutaneous melanoma to the mucosa. We report the case of a 38-year-old man who presented with a solitary sphenoid sinus metastasis that had spread from a cutaneous malignant melanoma. The metastasis was removed via a wide, endoscopically assisted sphenoidotomy. The patient was further treated with external radiotherapy, and at 8 months of follow-up he was free of disease. However, he experienced a recurrence at 3 years that proved to be fatal. We review the pathogenesis and histopathology of sinus metastases, and we discuss the imaging features that characterize melanoma metastatic to the upper respiratory tract. While complete cure of patients with a sphenoid sinus metastasis has not been reported, significant palliation with radiation therapy is possible in many patients. Therefore, patients with sphenoid sinus symptoms suggestive of a sphenoid sinus malignancy should be vigorously evaluated for the possibility of a primary malignancy as well as a metastasis to the sinus.
Ear Nose Throat J 2014 Dec
PMID:Cutaneous malignant melanoma metastatic to the sphenoid sinus. 2553 45

Distant metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) to the infraclavicular lymph nodes-with the exception of the upper mediastinal lymph nodes-is rare. We report the case of a 44-year-old man who was treated with surgery and radiotherapy for SCC of the floor of the mouth. During regular follow-up 6 months after the cessation of radiotherapy, F18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) detected a hypermetabolic lesion in the left lobe of the liver that was diagnosed as a metastasis of the head and neck SCC; no locoregional recurrence was found. The metastasis was surgically removed and more radiotherapy was administered, but the SCC recurred at the same site and the patient died of disseminated disease 12 months after the appearance of the first metastasis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a solitary peritoneal lymph node metastasis from an SCC of the floor of the mouth. We believe that regular FDG-PET/CT follow-up scans are useful for the detection of unusual distant metastases of head and neck cancers.
Ear Nose Throat J 2014 Dec
PMID:Solitary peritoneal lymph node metastasis of head and neck cancer diagnosed with FDG-PET/CT imaging. 2553 51

Cancer metastatic to the paranasal sinuses often presents with ophthalmologic and facial deformities, as well as sinonasal complaints. These diminutive tumors are difficult to effectively treat, often leading to poor quality of life. Although breast cancer is a common cancer affecting more than 150,000 women each year, rarely is metastatic breast cancer found within the sinuses. We report our palliative treatment approach and outcomes of a 40-year-old patient with breast cancer metastatic to the paranasal sinuses. While providing a better understanding of this tumor's metastasis through a review of the literature, our report describes the role of palliative surgery for metastases to the paranasal sinuses.
Ear Nose Throat J 2015 Feb
PMID:Palliative endoscopic surgery for sinonasal metastases: a case report and literature review. 2565 55

Pulsatile tinnitus is a rare symptom, yet it may herald life-threatening pathology in the absence of other symptoms or signs. Pulsatile tinnitus tends to imply a vascular cause, but metastatic disease also can present in this way. Clinicians should therefore adopt a specific diagnostic algorithm for pulsatile tinnitus and always consider the possibility of metastatic disease. A history of malignant disease and new cranial nerve palsies should raise clinical suspicion for skull base metastases. We describe the case of a 63-year-old woman presenting with unilateral subjective pulsatile tinnitus and a middle ear mass visible on otoscopy. Her background included the diagnosis of idiopathic unilateral vagal and hypoglossal nerve palsies 4 years previously, with normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Repeat MRI and computed tomography imaging were consistent with metastatic breast carcinoma. This case raises important questions about imaging protocols and the role of serial scanning in patients at high risk of metastatic disease.
Ear Nose Throat J 2015 Feb
PMID:Metastatic breast carcinoma presenting as unilateral pulsatile tinnitus: a case report. 2565 58

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common malignancy of the thyroid gland. It typically spreads via lymphatic extension. The rate of regional PTC metastasis to the neck is relatively high, while metastases outside the deep cervical chain are rare. Distant metastases are found in only 1% of patients with PTC at the time of surgery; the two most common sites are the lung and bone. We report 4 cases of PTC metastasis to unusual sites: (1) the occipital skull and internal jugular vein, (2) the parapharyngeal space, (3) the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and (4) the right atrium of the heart. It has been well documented that aggressive distant metastasis is a characteristic of PTC, and it is known to be an indicator of a poor prognosis. Some of our patients' sites of metastatic disease have not been previously reported. Patients in this series exhibited aggressive histologic findings, including columnar cell and follicular variants of papillary disease. In addition, all 4 patients demonstrated "PET-avid" disease with decreased iodine avidity.
Ear Nose Throat J 2015 Aug
PMID:Unusual sites of metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer: Case series and review of the literature. 2632 57


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