Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The physical, chemical and immunochemical properties of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) purified from hepatic metastases of eight tumours, originating in the colon (6), stomach (1) and lung (1), have been examined. Differences were observed in the overall molecular charge, and also in the carbohydrate composition of the different preparations (both total % carbohydrate, and mole % of the individual sugars). Negligible differences in amino acid composition were found. Gel filtration analysis of these CEA preparations and an additional four partially purified preparations (from pancreatic, hepatic, breast and oesophageal tumour tissues) revealed a single CEA-active peak of similar molecular weight (about 200,000-300,000 daltons) in all preparations. Radioimmunoassay data for the twelve CEA preparations indicated that all preparations contain the same antigenic determinants, as detected by our antiserum, but that there are differences in the expression of these determinants in different preparations.
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PMID:Physicochemical and immunochemical properties of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) from different tumour sources. 8 70

After a mole has been evacuated there are two ways of treating the condition: routine chemotherapy from the beginning or chemotherapy reserved for selected cases. They offer the same chances of cure. Seeing that the risk of malignancy in our country is 5 per cent and that selective chemotherapy only exposes a small number of patients to the risk of such treatment, we have adopted the scheme of follow-up suggested by Bagshawe and recommended by OERTC. The follow-up is based on radio-immune assay for HCG carried out at regular intervals for two years. Only cases where the level of HCG is higher than 25,000 international units per litre, one month after curettage, or cases where the rise in HCG is associated with metastases, are treated with chemotherapy. In our experience, which is based on 20 cases, we acknowledge the value of radio-immune assaying. It is superior to immunological tests used for pregnancy diagnosis in sensitivity. It also appears to us that systematic treatment routinely administered and treatment based on raised levels of HCG two months after evacuation of a mole are useless. Only 3 cases were treated with chemotherapy out of the 20 cases that were followed up. We have had no malignancy after 2 and 3 years of checking back on the patients. Treatment given routinely from the start would have been unnecessary exposure to the risks of chemotherapy for 17 patients. Had we taken into account the abnormal rise in HCG after 8 weeks we would still have treated 7 patients instead of 3 with the same results as far as cure. We have worked out a graph for the drop in the levels of HCG after a mole has been evacuated. This may serve as a base for criteria for treatment in the future. Cases where the levels of HCG are above the 95 percentile are considered as at risk to evolve into malignant forms of disease. Consequently earlier treatment can be started (before the 6th month) without altering the number of patients who are going to be treated.
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PMID:[Prevention of the malignant form of trophoblastic disease after a hydatidiform mole: systematic or selective chemotherapy]. 18 22

Three hundred and seventeen patients with gestational trophoblastic tumors were investigated and treated between 1957-1973. The risk of trophoblastic tumor was influenced by the outcome of the antecedent pregnancy (hydatidiform mole, non-mole abortion, term delivery) and the ABO blood groups of the mating couple; it was also influenced by the patient's age. The response to treatment with chemotherapy and , where appropriate, with surgery and radiotherapy, was influenced prfoundly by several factors. These included 1) the outcome of the antecedent pregnancy, 2) the total body burden of tumor at the time treatment stated as reflected by the urinary output of human chorionic gonadotrophin (CG), 3) the interval between the antecedent pregnancy and the start of chemotherapy, 4) the ABO groups of the mating couple, 5) the extent of mononuclear cell infiltration in the tumor, 6) the immunological status of the patient at the start of treatment, 7) the size of tumor masses, 8) the site of metastases and particularly the presence of intracranial metastases, and possibly by 9) the age and 10) the parity of the patient. A detailed study of the HLA antigens of the patient, her husband, and antecedent child has shown no positive effect on risk or prognosis. These data provide a basis for a scoring system that allows the prognosis to be defined at the time of diagnosis and facilitates tisk of drug resistance. Applied retrospectively to the cases from which the scoring system was generated, prognostic groups with survival rates ranging from 0-100% can be defined. Unfavorable prognostic factors combine so as to increase the probability of drug resistance.
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PMID:Risk and prognostic factors in trophoblastic neoplasia. 18 54

Serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was measured by a radioreceptorassay (RRA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) and serum hCG-beta and hCG-alpha by RIA in 10 patients with intact mole, 3 patients with choriocarcinoma, and 4 patients with hydatidiform mole during treatment. hCG levels by RRA were higher in 5 of 10 molar pregnancies and ranged from 20,900 to 100,000 ng/ml and from 30,000 to 100,000 ng/ml by RIA. hCG levels by RRA and RIA paralleled one another closely during treatment of hydatidiform mole. hCG-alpha was higher than hCG by RRA and RIA and hCG-beta in molar pregnancies, in the uterine venous blood draining a uterine choriocarcinoma, and during chemotherapy of choriocarcinoma. In 2 of 3 choriocarcinoma patients who eventually developed cerebral metastases, hCG-alpha increased while hCG and hCG-beta were declining or negative. hCG-beta was usually lower than hCG or hCG-alpha in all the cases studied. These results demonstrate the production of free alpha and beta subunits in trophoblastic disease. Further, due to the biospecificity, simplicity, and rapidity, the RRA of hCG is a sueful diagnostic aid during treatment of trophoblastic neoplasia until the levels fall to within the sensitivity range of the assay. Finally, the RIA of hCG, hCG-beta, and hCG-alpha, which requires several days, should be performed until they become negative or fall within normal range.
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PMID:Human chorionic gonadotropin and its subunits in hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma. 19 42

The role of chemotherapy in the control of placental tumors is examined, both as a separate, single treatment, and as a conjuctive treatment. Its usefulness is most evident in the latter form of approach. In cases of the simple mole, its use is not really justified, and it does not appear to be effective in 9 out of 10 cases. In any therapeutic approach, it is not always effective and can be dangerous in the event of the development of chemoresistance. In cases of invasive mole and tumors where a histological diagnosis has not been made, and where a definite unfavorable prognosis is not evident, a twice weekly administration of methotrexate for a 2-month period after the cure has been clinically, radiologically, and biologically confirmed usually heals the formations. Choriocarcinomata and cases where a histology has not been carried out but where a negative prognosis is evident (extrapulmonary metastases, pulmonary metastases, delays in treatment, or the excretion of high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin), chemotherapy is considered justified with vincristine followed by methotrexate or actinomycin D. Surgical intervention to remove residual lesions may be necessary in these cases.
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PMID:[Chemotherapy in placental tumors]. 19 2

Thirty-five patients with nometastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasms and 3 patients with metastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasms were treated primarily with methotrexate and citrovorum factor rescue. The antecedent pregnancy was molar in all patients. The known histologic diagnosis in 34 patients was hydatdiform mole and choriocarcinoma in 3. Up to March 1977, the duration of remissions ranged from 1 to 21 months. Complete and sustained remission was achieved in 91% of patients with nonmetastatic disease and in 2 of the 3 patients with metastases, without evidence of marrow or hepatic and with substantially reduced epithelial toxicity. Response to treatment and the number of courses required to achieve remission were determined solely on the basis of the human chorionic gonadotropin response as measured by the beta subunit radioimmunoassay.
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PMID:Methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue for gestational trophoblastic neoplasms. 20 93

Nine patients with nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn (NSJ) developed associated morphologically aggressive neoplasms. Four of the tumors were apocrine carcinomas, two of which metastasized to regional lymph nodes, and in one of the two generalized metastases developed. Three tumors were adnexal carcinomas with probable pilar differentiation, but none showed progression of the disease after wide surgical excision. One patient has squamous cell carcinoma and died with generalized metastasis, and one patient had a complex adnexal and squamous cell carcinoma with a large area of anaplastic carcinoma that recurred and invaded the skull.
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PMID:Malignant neoplasms associated with nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn. 52 3

Two women, during pregnancy, suddenly developed changes in the pigmented skin nevus (melanoma) which they had had since their childhood. Both patients were surgically treated; the diagnosis was malignant melanoma. One of the patients, 12 years after the operation, is alive and well, and so is her child. In the other patient, 6 months after operation, there was a relapse and regional metastases. She gave birth to a healthy child.
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PMID:[Malignant melanoma of the skin and pregnancy]. 102 29

By labelling dermal infiltrate cells with H3-thymidine, two types of skin tumours can be distinguished: one type with many labelled cells in the infiltrate (H3-thymidine labelling index, H3-I), the other with few labelled cells. Type I includes malignant melanoma (H3-I = 2.2%) and hemangioendothelioma (2.8%). Type II includes metastases of malignant melanoma (1%), squamous cell carcinoma (1.1%), basel cell epithelioma (0.5%), nevus cell nevus (0.6%), and nevoid lentigo (0.4). The number of labelled cells in the cellular reaction of Type II tumours does not differ significantly from that in normal human corium (0.75%), though there may be a dense cellular reaction. DNA-synthesizing cells were classified with the aid of characteristical stainings and histochemical methods. A vast majority of them were found to be lymphocytes. Our research underlines the special importance of cellular inflammatory reaction, i.e. cellular immunity, im malignant melanoma and probably in hemangioendothelioma.
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PMID:Lymphocyte stimulation in the cellular inflammatory reaction of some human skin tumours. 120 Jul 1

In 21 patients with a variety of skin tumors (squamous cell carcinomas, malignant melanomas, basal cell epitheliomas and mycosis fungoides) or pre-cancerous lesions (Bowen's disease, actinic keratosis, junctional nevus cell nevus) the radioactive phosphorus uptake test demonstrates a significantly increased concentration of P32 in those tumors. There were no false negative tests. The possibility of differentiation of malignant melanoma from benign nevus cell nevus and the early recognition of cutaneous metastases is described. Furthermore recurrence of previously irradiated or excised basal cell epitheliomas can be detected without a biopsy. No hematological side-effects were observed.
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PMID:[The radiophosphorus (32P)-test in precanceroses and malignant tumors of the skin]. 127 Feb 58


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