Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred thirty-one cases of conjunctival melanoma in which biopsies had been performed were studied to determine potential factors that might affect outcome in patients with these lesions. Two groups of lesions were identified: those associated with primary acquired melanosis (melanoma with PAM, 98 cases, 74.8 per cent) and those without primary acquired melanosis (melanoma without PAM, 33 cases, 25.2 per cent). The overall mortality rate in the 131 cases was 26 per cent (34 of 131); the mortality rate due to melanoma with PAM was 25.5 per cent (25 of 98), and that due to melanoma without PAM was 27.3 per cent (9 of 33). If PAM was associated with the lesion, the presence of atypical melanocytes within the epithelium (pagetoid invasion) was a sensitive indicator of subsequent metastasis. Tumor thickness may also be useful for predicting subsequent metastases. None of the histologic parameters studied proved useful for predicting outcome in patients who had melanomas without PAM. The presence or absence of nevi had no effect on prognosis.
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PMID:Malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva. 397 96

With infrared light and a dye (Indocyanin green) bound to proteins it is possible to study the choroidal circulation much better than with usual fluorescein angiography. For the differential diagnosis of choroidal tumors, this method contributes the following: (1) The diagnosis of choroidal hemangioma can be made with confidence. (2) while it is not yet possible to differentiate between a nevus and a melanoma, choroidal angiography nevertheless represents a second vascular parameter (in addition to the retina) for monitoring the growth of potentially malignant tumors. (3) The value of this method for the diagnosis of choroidal metastases and rare choroidal tumors - such as the case of an osteoma presented here - has yet to be studied.
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PMID:[Significance of infrared angiography in the differential diagnosis of choroid tumors]. 399 1

Most iris tumors behave benignly, reflecting their small size and the high proportion of nevi and spindle A melanomas. Of 1,043 reported iris melanomas, 31 metastasized (3%). Metastasis from a spindle A melanoma is not known to occur despite documented growth and local recurrence after excision. If known spindle A melanomas are excluded from all reported spindle cell tumors of the iris, the rate of metastasis for spindle cell tumors is 2.6%. Mixed-cell melanomas have a metastasis rate of 10.5% and epithelioid melanomas a rate of 6.9%. The interval between the histologic diagnosis and death from metastases ranged from three months to 12 years, with an average of 6.5 years. Five- and ten-year mortality rates for different cell types cannot be ascertained. Iris angiography may be useful in defining the limits of tumor involvement but is of uncertain value in differentiating benignancy from malignancy. Of the 31 cases with metastases, 21 included information on the type of surgical procedure used to obtain the histologic diagnosis. In 13 of the 21 cases (62%), the tumors were initially involved with either incomplete excision or inadvertent transection before enucleation.
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PMID:Iris melanomas. 401 87

From 1977 to 1983, 44 cases with nevus cells in the capsule and trabeculae of axillary lymph node specimens from about 7000 mastectomies performed for primary breast cancer were found. This finding was therefore less than 1%. In 3 cases, the nevus cells were present in 2 nodes, whereas in 41 cases solitary nodes were involved. In 13 cases, nevus cells were present in nodes that also contained metastatic carcinoma. Silver impregnation of reticulin fibers is very useful for the differential diagnosis of nodal metastases of breast carcinoma.
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PMID:Nevus cells in axillary lymph nodes from radical mastectomy specimens. 402 39

Two axillary lymph nodes from a patient who underwent modified radical mastectomy for carcinoma of the breast showed benign nevus cells in the fibrous capsule and within afferent lymphatics. Subsequently, an intradermal nevus from the area of drainage of the axillary lymph nodes was excised, which showed groups of nevus cells lying within small lymphatic channels. It is postulated that the nevus cells in the lymph node capsule could represent benign metastases from the intradermal nevus.
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PMID:Nevus cells within lymph nodes. Possible metastases from a benign intradermal nevus. 402 28

Primary cutaneous malignant melanomas with histological features suggestive of benign nevocytic nevi were studied. From a total of about 3,500 cases, 33 patients with sufficient records, histological slides, and follow-up (at least 5 years for disease-free cases) were found; 15 of them had developed metastases, and 8 had died of disseminated melanoma. Some of the following histological characteristics were always observed: cellular atypia, mitoses, infiltration of adnexa, and in the deeper dermis, infiltrative growth, pigmented tumor cells, sharply demarcated tumor nests, and the absence of maturation. Tumor thickness was the most important prognostic criterion. Clinically, the tumors corresponded to nodular and superficial spreading melanomas. It is concluded that, in rare instances, malignant melanomas strongly resemble benign melanocytic/nevocytic nevi. Such cases do not appear to have a lower degree of malignancy and should be treated as normal malignant melanomas.
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PMID:Nevoid malignant melanoma. 402 78

Lentigo maligna, a precancerous lesion, is a brown-black irregularly pigmented freckle, usually occurring on the face of the elderly subject. In a series of 99 patients with malignant melanomas, lentigo maligna was the pre-existing lesion in 21. The clinical and histological findings, and previous publications on the subject are reviewed. Lentigo maligna itself is not a superficial malignant melanoma. After the development of malignant melanoma from lentigo maligna, eight of 21 patients developed metastatic disease. This seems to indicate that once malignant melanoma has developed (whether de novo from the junctional portion of a pre-existing nevus, or from a lentigo maligna), the outlook is the same. During the development of malignant melanoma from lentigo maligna there is an indefinite period when it is virtually impossible to determine histologically whether malignant melanoma is present. Naturally, the inclusion of these indefinite cases will greatly influence reported results of treatment.
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PMID:Lentigo maligna and malignant melanoma. 592 2

Sixty two patients with gestational trophoblastic disease were investigated and treated between January 1977-December 1983. The value of pelvic arteriography was examined. The cases included: 45 moles with a simple outcome. 14 cases of invasive trophoblastic neoplasia after evacuation of the mole. 3 choriocarcinomas after full term pregnancy. Pelvic arteriography was performed in 14 patients. 9 of the 14 patients presented with persistent HCG secretion 6 to 8 weeks after evacuation of the mole. Before chemotherapy was begun, we looked for unfavourable prognostic features such as extra-pelvic metastases, multiple pulmonary metastases, high HCG secretion, delay between the initial event and starting chemotherapy of more than six months. The Ishizuka score was calculated. Six arteriography type I readings suggested choriocarcinoma with an Ishizuka score above five. Double chemotherapy (oncovin-methotrexate) was started successfully (with a one year follow up). Only two patients had unfavourable factors. Two arteriography type III suggested persistent moles, with an Ishizuka score below five. Chemotherapy (only methotrexate) was successful). It was not possible to classify the last arteriography, so the patient was treated successfully with double chemotherapy. Three patients failed to recover with chemotherapy. Arteriography was indicated to determine the site of HCG secretion. Three hysterectomies were performed. Tissue choriocarcinoma was found. Two diagnoses of choriocarcinoma were confirmed by arteriography: In one case an unexplained pleurisy appeared six months after full term. HCG was then positive. In the other case, extrauterine pregnancy was first suspected, but the woman had not had intercourse for six months. Arteriography demonstrated tubal choriocarcinoma. So pelvic arteriography is useful for managing complicated gestational trophoblastic disease.
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PMID:[Importance of arteriography in complicated trophoblastic disease]. 609 10

We have embarked upon a pilot study of photoradiation therapy (PRT) in the treatment of persistent or recurrent cancer of the head and neck utilizing the photosensitizing agent hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD). This treatment is based upon selective concentration of HPD within malignant tissue with resultant necrosis upon illumination with light of the appropriate wave length (630 nm). Patients entered in this trial have failed all forms of conventional therapy. Twenty-one patients with local recurrence were treated. Sites of recurrence were: tongue (9), nasopharynx (3), floor of mouth (2), soft palate (2), oropharynx (1), buccal mucosa (1), maxilla (1), larynx (1), basal cell nevus (1). There were six complete responses and twelve partial responses (greater than 50% reduction). These responses are clinically significant with some complete responses lasting over one year after a single course of therapy. Ten patients with cutaneous metastases from head and neck primary tumors were also treated. There were two complete responses and three partial responses. However, these patients rapidly developed new tumors in areas adjacent to those previously treated. Less than complete responses could be augmented by repeated applications of this technique. The success of this pilot study combined with the accessibility of head and neck primaries suggest that HPD-PRT should be given a clinical trial in early mucosal cancer of the head and neck region.
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PMID:Photoradiation therapy of head and neck cancer. 609 73

Flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA content is valuable for indicating ploidy- and proliferation abnormalities in surgically removed human malignant melanomas. In 35 primary cutaneous melanomas, 20 metastases of melanoma in skin and lymph nodes, and 16 nevi the DNA distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry and compared with a variety of histological parameters and the subsequent clinical course. Heteroploid DNA distributions with increased polyploid or aneuploid fractions were found in 26 primary melanomas (74%), 14 metastases (70%), and 4 nevi (25%) indicating tumor clones with an abnormal nuclear DNA content. Three or more cell clones in a single biopsy was found in 10 primary melanomas, 2 metastases, and 1 nevus. The frequency of heteroploidy was significantly higher in primary and secondary melanomas than in nevi (p less than 0.001) and was correlated significantly with a high mitotic activity (p less than 0.002), marked nuclear pleomorphism (p less than 0.01), large nucleoli (p less than 0.01) and a thickness of the primary melanoma of more than 2.25 mm (p less than 0.02). Such histologic findings in malignant melanomas have been shown previously to be correlated with a bad prognosis. No significant correlation was found between heteroploidy and the histologic type of melanoma or the level of invasion. A 2-year clinical follow-up showed that more patients died from melanoma if the DNA distribution in the primary or secondary melanoma was heteroploid (6/26; 23% and 8/13; 62% respectively) than if it was diploid (0/9; 0% and 2/5; 40% respectively). However, the differences were not statistically significant. It is concluded that heteroploidy 1) is not an absolute criterion of malignancy, 2) is significantly correlated with histologic features indicating marked cellular anaplasia, and 3) is apparently correlated with a bad prognosis.
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PMID:DNA ploidy-characteristics of human malignant melanoma analysed by flow cytometry and compared with histology and clinical course. 613 88


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