Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rhabdomyosarcoma usually presents as a soft tissue mass, which may invade adjacent bone. However, the patient presents occasionally with bony metastases. Recognition of these is important for staging and management. Fifty-eight cases have been reviewed; 14 of these had local bone invasion by the soft tissue tumour. All bones involvel were flat bones; 12 showed permeated bone destruction and two showed geographic destruction. Bone expansion was seen in half the involved bones. Twelve of the 58 cases showed secondary bone deposits, which were the presenting feature in five. Although 10 cases had permeated bone destruction, two were very well defined with a wide range of radiological appearances. The radiological differential diagnosis includes neuroblastoma, leukaemic infiltration, lymphoma, histiocytosis X, solitary and multifocal osteosarcoma and other deposits.
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PMID:The radiology of bone changes in rhabdomyosarcoma. 62 1

One hundred and twenty-two children suspected of having malignant disease were examined by 67Gallium scintigraphy. True-positive detection was obtained in 22 patients before treatment and true-negative in 22. False-negative scans were obtained in 5 children with primary adrenal neuroblastoma. Local recurence and/or metastases were detected in 29 of 58 children previously treated for malignant disease. For malignant disease, diagnostic sensitivity was 78% and diagnostic specificity 79%. It is concluded that 67Ga scintigraphy should be used for primary visualization and control of malignant tumors in children.
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PMID:Tumor visualization using 67Gallium scintigraphy in children. 66 64

The effects of high concentrations of CO2 on experimental murine neuroblastoma tumor were studied. Similar to the experience with the animal model of Wilms' tumor, the local growth of this neuroblastoma model was not affected by concentrations of 76% and 55% of CO2 applied for 10 and 30 minutes. The tumor bearing animals exposed to different CO2 concentrations tended to develop metastases more frequently than the control groups, although no change in survival was noted. Different animals and additional tumor models could be used by others to study the effects of different CO2 concentrations at different exposure times.
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PMID:A study of the effect of CO2 on experimental neuroblastoma. 67 22

Clinical chemotherapy in the treatment of neuroblastoma is undergoing further evaluation. Chemotherapeutic agents, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and hexamethylmelamine, were investigated in a murine neuroblastoma model that, in part, histologically and morphologically resembles the human tumor. The tumor was inoculated subcutaneously (SC), intramuscularly (IM), intraperitoneally (IP), intrarenally (IR). Growth of tumor was observed at all sites, as well as the appearance of metastases. Maximal survival of 32 +/- 1 days was seen (SC) and the minimum was 15 +/- 1 days (IR) (p less than 0.05). Corresponding survival rate for IM was 26 +/- 1 days and IP 21 +/- 1 days. For this reason SC was selected for drug testing. Cyclophosphamide 100 mg/kg/week showed the most favorable results, as determined by autopsy status with fewer tumors and a greater tumor weight decrease over time. This agent also showed a significantly longer survival in comparison to all other drugs (p less than 0.0001). The results with vincristine and hexamethylmelamine in the dose ranges employed differed little from the placebo, except for the finding of a slight decrease in body weight at autopsy.
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PMID:Studies and characterization of a murine neuroblastoma model. 82 82

Neuroblastoma is one of the most common malignant neoplasms in infants and children under 5 years of age. The commonest manifestations are abdominal masses or metastases. The case reported showed unusual manifestations as the presenting features simulated myasthenia gravis in all aspects. He was a child, aged 3 years, who was admitted because of generalized weakness, inability to open his eyes and lethargy. Radiography showed an oval opacity at the right upper zone of the chest. A thorocotomy was performed and a tumour was removed from the posterior mediastinum. Histopathology confirmed diagnosis of ganglioneuroblastoma. There is only one similar report in the medical literature.
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PMID:Ganglioneuroblastoma presenting as myasthenia gravis. 86 63

A series of 35 primary cerebral neuroblastoma is reported. These rare tumours occur most often in children in the first half of the first decade. Grossly the tumors are often massive, discrete, lobular, firm and cystic. Histologically three variants, largely determined by the extent and distribution of the fibrous connective tissue stroma, are recognized: (1) a classical variant, which most resembles the peripheral neuroblastoma and is characterized by a high frequency of Homer Wright rosettes and a relatively high frequency of ganglionic differentiation; (2) a desmoplastic variant, which is characterized by an intense connective tissue stroma; and (3) a transitional variant, in which both the classical and the desmoplastic features may be present within the same case, either concurrently or consecutively. Both the desmoplastic and the transitional forms are less likely to exhibit differentiation to mature ganglion cells, but the importance of identifying the primitive cell elements as neuroblasts is emphasized. With rare exceptions, this can be established only by specific silver impregnations on frozen material. Occasionally the direction of growth may be largely leptomeningeal. Seven illustrative clinical histories with pathological correlations are described. The over-all clinical behaviour of these tumours is that of malignant neuroepithelial neoplasms, characterized by a high recurrence rate. Recurrence may, however, be a late development, in some cases occurring five or seven years after apparently successful surgical removal. The tumour shows shows a high incidence of metastatic spread, almost 40 per cent of the cases examined at autopsy having disseminated in the cerebrospinal pathways. Exceptionally, extraneural metastases may also develop. However, long post-operative survival occasionally occurs, and the subsequent clinical course is not always predictable in the individual case. The differential diagnosis is briefly discussed. The cellular nature of the tumour and its biological behaviour recall those of the cerebellar medulloblastoma. Post-operative radiation to the entire neuraxis should be considered for these neoplasms.
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PMID:Primary cerebral neuroblastoma. A clinicopathological study of 35 cases. 103 Jun 55

Case of spontaneous regression of neuroblastoma continue to occur in the present multimodal therapy era at institutions where physicians are prepared to withhold treatment on certain patients with residual primary or metastatic disease. From a survey of the 22 member institutions of Children's Cancer Study Group, seven hospitals submitted data on 24 neuroblastoma patients whose disease underwent regression after minimal, unusual, or no treatment. An analysis of these patients and of 33 patients form two large series in the literature shows that the majority of patients are infants with Stage II or Stage IVS disease. The spontaneous regression usually consists of complete disappearance of the disease, but in some neuroblastomas, maturation to ganglioneuroma takes place. The various factors that may influence regression are discussed.
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PMID:Spontaneous regression of neuroblastoma. 103 Jul 81

Using the example of a sympathicoblastoma metastasizing into the jaw, the symptomatology of this rare location of metastases is outlined. Jaw metastases of sympathicoblastomas occur in greater numbers only in children in the age of 2.5 to 5 years. Osteolytic jaw defects and unexplainable loosening of permanent molars in children should give rise to detailed examination with regard to the possible existence of a metastasizing malignant tumor (especially neuroblastoma). Despite a solitary metastasis, early diagnosis might have a decisive influence on the otherwise lethal course of the disease.
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PMID:[Jaw metastasis of sympathicoblastoma]. 110 Mar 56

Although survival of children with abdominal neuroblastoma seems at this time to be unrelated to the therapeutic effort, a method of management according to the stage of disease has been developed. Seventy-three percent of patients have metastases at the time of diagnosis. Survival is best in children under 1 year of age. Survival by stage of disease drops progressively from 90% in Stage I disease to 2.4% in Stage IV disease. Irradiation therapy seems unrelated to survival in Stage I, II, and IV disease, while chemotherapy has not been shown to alter survival rates in any stage. Surgical removal of the tumor is still the primary therapy; irradiation is of significant benefit in patients with Stage III disease.
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PMID:The management of abdominal neuroblastoma. 111 51

A protocol for the management of children with neuroblastoma is described. The appearance of peri-orbital ecchymosis and radiologically demonstrable skeletal metastases are of poor prognostic significance. The relatively infrequent occurrence of neuroblastoma in the Black population of Johannesburg is stressed.
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PMID:The treatment of neuroblastoma. 111 94


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