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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report 12 cases of metastatic pericardial effusions with clinical manifestations. Primary bronchial cancer is the most frequent with 7 cases; in 3 of these patients, the original manifestation is a tamponade. The contributions of sonocardiography to the diagnosis are analyzed: evaluation of hemodynamic tolerance and visualization within the effusion, in 4 out of 7 patients undergoing bidimensional sonocardiography, of dense masses, implanted on the visceral layer of the pericardium; the frequent epicardic location of these metastases may be explained by preferential invasion of the visceral layer by retrograde lymphatic route. The advantage of pericardial cytology is discussed. From the therapeutic standpoint, a pleuro-pericardial window or tetracycline instillation tend to prevent a recurrence of the effusion and the risk of tamponade; the neoplastic process is controlled with local and/or general chemotherapy and radiotherapy; therapeutic strategy depends on the sensitivity of the primary tumor. The prognosis remains very dim with a mean survival of 3.7 months in our series.
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PMID:[Metastatic pericardial effusions. Apropos of 12 cases. Review of the literature]. 332 55

This is a short overview concerning possible relationships between immunodeficiency and cancerogenesis/leukemogenesis. Following introductory remarks on concomitant and sinecomitant antitumor immunity, various factors/mechanisms that could influence tumor-host-interactions are discussed, in particular properties of neoplastic cell lines, the microenvironment, cellular components of nonspecific resistance, and specific, i.e. antigen-directed, cell-mediated and humoral immune responses against cancer cells. The increased incidence of malignant neoplastic processes in patients with inherited or acquired immunodeficiency raises the question if a lack of antitumoral defense or ineffective antiviral immunity is more important. Available data indicate that once a cancer has reached a certain size, the chances for the host to reject it solely with the help of its immune apparatus are minimal. The possibility remains that immune reactions may be more efficacious against small numbers of immunogenic tumor cells, i.e. in the very earliest phase of a neoplastic process and when the cancer begins to metastasize.
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PMID:Immunodeficiency and cancer: mechanisms involved. 353 11

Serum retinol levels were determined by a fluorometric method in patients with colorectal cancer or polyps and those with inflammatory bowel disease. Serum retinol levels in patients with benign or malignant colorectal polyps and stage B cancer (modified Dukes' classification) were similar to those found in controls. By contrast, serum retinol levels were significantly lower in patients with Dukes' stage C or D. Among cancer patients that were followed after surgical treatment serum retinol levels did not differ significantly from those found in controls. Patients who died of metastases during follow-up possessed very low serum retinol levels. These findings suggest that a decreased serum retinol level in cancer patients is a consequence rather than a precursor of the neoplastic process. Furthermore, this study suggests that the marked decrease in serum retinol level might be an indicator of poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients after surgery.
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PMID:Serum retinol level in patients with colorectal premalignant and malignant lesions. 381 89

In four cases of carcinoma of the breast, variably acid-fast coccoid forms were found in sections from their metastases to the skin and in one of these cases in sections of the primary carcinoma. In this one case, similar-appearing corcoid forms were observed within the sections of the primary malignancy. In this same case, Staphylococcus epidermidis was cultured and studied at once and as it aged for development of forms comparable to those found in the microscopic sections of the neoplastic process. The implications of the findings for etiology of carcinoma of the breast are discussed.
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PMID:Microbial findings in cancers of the breast and in their metastases to the skin. Implications for etiology. 616 42

Twenty three cases of dimorphous lung cancer are analysed. There were found some specific features of the clinico-morphological picture of the neoplastic process in question: slow development, a predominant peripheral tumor growth, large size tumors, less pronounced local invasion of dimorphous cancer, comparatively rare metastases (34.8%). Three variants were distinguished in the combination of squamous cell and glandular foci: adenoepidermoid, squamous cell and mucoepidermoid ones.
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PMID:[Clinical morphological characteristics of dimorphic lung cancer]. 625 36

A woman previously treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the neck underwent a cesarean section for fetal distress. Extensive metastases of the placenta and an ovary were histologically compatible with her prior malignancy. Diffuse infiltration of the placenta by this neoplastic process was associated with an infant who was small for gestational age and who had no evidence of metastatic disease.
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PMID:Squamous cell carcinoma metastatic to placenta and ovary. 708 35

Clinical and clinico-pathoanatomical comparisons (60 observations) have shown that in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma and its metastases treated by modern methods the tumour metastasis to the brain occurs in late periods of the disease at the stage of the neoplastic process generalization. Histological examinations of the melanoma metastases of various localization revealed a much lesser differentiation of the tumour cells and a greater vascularization of the tumour. The pronounced vascularization is characteristic for metastases of any localization, both visceral and cerebral, at the stage of the process generalization.
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PMID:[Metastatic melanoma of the brain]. 729 98

Between 1969 and 1976, 92 patients with proved prostatic carcinoma in stages T0 and T4 underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy. Median followup has been 43 months. All patients had normal serum acid phosphatase levels and no clinical evidence of metastases as determined by physical examination, bone scans and metastatic bone surveys. Pelvic lymph node metastases were noted in 32 cases. Radical prostatectomy was done in 34 cases and 45 patients received radiotherapy, 11 of whom had 125iodine seeds implanted. Progression of the neoplastic process, almost exclusively in the form of bony metastases, occurred in 18 of the 32 patients who had positive pelvic nodes and in 6 of the 60 patients with negative nodes (p less than 0.001). Patients with poorly differentiated carcinoma were more likely to have progression of the disease than those with moderately differentiated carcinoma (p less than 0.01) and no patient with a well differentiated carcinoma had disease progression.
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PMID:Nodal involvement as a prognostic indicator in patients with prostatic carcinoma. 740 Dec 36

About one in three people in modern industrialised countries die of the consequences of malignant tumours or are found to carry an unsuspected one at the time of autopsy. Early resection of such lesions and appropriate adjuvant therapy is very effective in curing the disease. There is therefore a strong clinical incentive to find effective methods of early diagnosis, assessment of prognosis and treatment of neoplastic lesions and research on this topic is directed at a numerically significant medical problem. Recently it has been found that many human tumours show severe abnormalities in the expression of the CD44 gene which increase with progression to metastatic malignancy. By alternative splicing mechanisms this gene codes for a family of heavily glycosylated cell surface proteins involved in many important cellular activities. In neoplasia there is gross overexpression of various products of the gene associated with disorderly splicing, which can be detected in clinical samples with the sensitive technique of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). These disturbances begin early in the neoplastic process and can be detected in very small biopsy samples. It has also been shown that it is possible to achieve non-invasive diagnosis of malignancy by analysis of CD44 expression in exfoliated cells in body fluids and waste products. The potential significance of these observations for early diagnosis of symptomatic cancer and for screening of the population for asymptomatic lesions are readily seen and await further investigation. Separate work in our laboratory has succeeded in DNA-mediated transfer of metastatic capability through two rounds of transfection into non-metastatic tumour cells and a metastasis-associated human DNA fragment has been recovered from the transfectants and sequenced. Using primers designed to anneal to a coding region identified by computer analysis within the novel sequence, it has been shown with RT-PCR that it is heavily expressed in metastatic cancer tissues, but not in corresponding normal ones. This could be of value in assessing the prognosis of patients using small biopsy samples from their primary tumours and the potential of this sequence for such purposes and for possible therapeutic intervention is currently being explored. Recent work in several laboratories has shown that elevated expression of certain other specific growth factor genes, including c-met and EGFR, correlates with metastatic capability. Combined evaluation of such markers in further studies will in time give useful information on the prognosis of individual patients to guide therapeutic decisions and the implications of these recent advances for clinical practice and future research are discussed below.
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PMID:Deranged activity of the CD44 gene and other loci as biomarkers for progression to metastatic malignancy. 751 58

Fifty-three operations were conducted on 48 patients for tumors of the extrahepatic bile ducts and the major duodenal papilla. Early diagnosis of this pathological condition is very difficult, which affects directly the results of treatment; 18% of patients underwent radical operations. Modern diagnostic methods--computer tomography, ultrasonic examination, and endoscopic retrograde pancreatocholangiography made it possible to detect neoplastic diseases in all of the examined patients. Radical surgical treatment is expedient in distal localization of the neoplastic process and in the absence of metastases. Endoscopic and puncture methods of decompression of the bile ducts are indicated in diffuse forms of the disease.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and treatment of neoplastic diseases of extrahepatic bile ducts and major duodenal papilla]. 817 70


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