Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Authors report on their experience with a new radio-active tracer, Bleomycine-Co57, which was studied in 40 patients who had previously undergone brain scanning with Indium113m. The results obtained with these two different tracers are compared and the following conclusions advanced: 1) Bleomycine-Co57 is the radio-active tracer of choice in identification of cerebral metastases, especially in those cases where brain scanning with Indium113m was non-diagnostic; 2) glioblastomas evidence less uptake of the tracer than do metastases; 3) the scarce affinity of this tracer for benign tumors is stressed; 4) owing to the long half-life of this tracer, it is preferable to use it only with those subjects suspected of having a malignant neoplasia.
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PMID:Indications for the use of bleomycine-Co57 in brain scanning. 6 Apr 78

16 of 35 patients (46%) with malignant melanoma were found to have cytoplasmic oestrogen-receptor activity in biopsy specimens. OEstrogen-receptor activity was detected in primary lesions, lymph-node metastases, skin metastases, and visceral metastases. Equal percentages of males and females had positive assays. Scatchard analysis of binding in one case was consistent with a single class of high affinity receptor sites.
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PMID:Oestrogen receptors in human malignant melanoma. 6 May 69

Increased tumor radiosensitivity can be achieved by the technique of synchronisation, although as yet this relationship has only been partial. Our clinical experiences from 1970-1974 with this technique lead to the following considerations: 1. Synchronized radiotherapy (Telecobalt) is administered twice weekly, independent of adjunctive medications (such as fluoro-uracil, vincristin or bleomycin). 2. Synchronized radiotherapy does not change previous indications for operative intervention. 3. The described technique permits successful treatment of advanced tumors as well as postoperative tumor recurrences of recurrences in previously-irradiated tisssues. 4. The radiosensitivity of poorly oxygenated tumor tissues may be increased. 5. Radiation dosage must not be reduced. 6. Distant tumor metastases can also be treated with additional chemotherapy (as synchronized chemotherapy).
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PMID:[Five-years synchronized radiotherapy in treatment of carcinoma of the head and neck: clinical results, 1970--1974 (author's transl)]. 6 Nov 94

The results of treating 50 patients with bladder cancer with radiotherapy over a three-year period are evaluated. Ten cases (20 per cent) were treated for palliation. Sixteen of 40 patients treated with intent of cure are considered well with no evidence of disease. Six additional cases were salvaged by further surgery. Another 7 patients died because of natural causes or distant metastases with good local control of the primary cancer postradiotherapy. The remaining 11 cases were considered failures, all died except one living with disease. These patients could not be saved by further surgery primarily because they were not medically fit. Six of twelve cases (50 per cent) survived three years and 19 of 31 cases (61 per cent) survived for one year free of disease. Reasons for possible failures are discussed.
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PMID:Role of radiation therapy in cancer of bladder. 6 39

The treatment of patients suffering from carcinoma of the esophagus or the cardia is extremely difficult, and the results to date have not been encouraging. The authors are of the opinion that only relatively young patients in good general condition, with a tumor smaller than 5 cm, without metastases and without peri-esophageal infiltration, should be considered for curative ratiotherapy and/or surgery. However, apart from these tumor and patient elements, the physician's skill and the facilities for adequate nursing are also of decisive importance. When curative treatment is not possible, this does not imply the more or less automatic selection of some form of palliative radiotherapy or surgery. In certain circumstances, symptomatic treatment or the natural course of the disease will be best for the patient and his environment. More data should be collected regarding the natural course of the disease, especially in comparison with the results after palliative surgery or radiotherapy.
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PMID:Some thoughts about the treatment of patients suffering from cancer of the esophagus or cardia. 6 39

The expression of an "oncodevelopmental" protein, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), has been systematically studied in rats during normal development and during regeneration of the liver by fetal rat hepatocytes in vitro, in rats bearing transplantable hepatomas, in rats fed chemical carcinogens, and in mice that spontaneously develop hematomas. AFP is a serum protein made normally during fetal and neonatal stages by liver and yolk sac cells. In newborn rats at approximately 4 weeks of age, the production of AFP is abruptly terminated, a process which is closely associated with cessation of liver cell proliferation. In adult rats, AFP production recurs following the reinitiation of hepatic DNA synthesis induced by partial hepatectomy or by the administration of heaptotoxic chemicals. Detailed metabolic and direct labeling studies of fetal rat hepatocytes in vitro also demonstrate a kinetically similar pattern of hepatocyte DNA synthesis and AFP production. In vitro studies utilizing combined autoradiography for DNA-synthesizing cells and immunofluorescence for AFP-containing cells demonstrates that replicating hepatocytes produce AFP, however, available data do not yet permit a distinction between G1 (pre- or postmitotic) and/or G2 production. During growth of an AFP- producing tumor, the serum concentration of AFP may be used as a accurate index of tumor growth, and, if a transplanted tumor is removed, as a marker for metastatic growth of the tumor. Using this model, we have shown that radiation to the lung at the time of surgical removal of a growing tumor in the leg will prevent establishment and growth of pulmonary metastases and that anti-AFP serum treatment may inhibit growth of a transplantable hepatoma that produces AFP. The exposure of rats to chemical hepatocarcinogens results in the appearance of evaluated serum AFP concentration as early as within 1 week of feeding; noncarcinogenic chemical analogs do not cause an elevation. AFP elevation also occurs with low doses of the hepatocarcinogen in the absence of detectable cell injury (by morphological examination of serum enzyme levels) or any other known morphological or biochemical change. This may represent a highly selective derepression of protein synthesis that occurs following the formation of a complex between the metabolites of the carcinogen and specific chromatin loci. Although every rat so far treated with even subcarcinogenic doses of hepatocarcinogens has elevated serum AFP concentrations, many primary carcinogen-induced hepatomas do not produce detectable AFP. Either there is a subsequent change in the preneoplastic AFP-producing cell that occurs prior to irreversible neoplastic alteration, or the hepatocytes originally influenced by the carcinogens to produce AFP are not necessarily the same cells that are the progenitors of the hepatoma produced by more prolonged exposure...
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PMID:Expression of an oncodevelopmental gene product (alpha-fetoprotein) during fetal development and adult oncogenesis. 6 4

"Fingerprints" of 0.9% NaCl solution extracts obtained from fetal guts and individual adenocarcinoma of the colon show a randomized pattern of expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) determinants by CEA radioimmunoassay and isoelectric focusing. All CEA-containing antigens found in a pool of 20 primary adenomas were found at some stage in fetal development. No single CEA-reacting peak was typical of any one period of fetal development. When fetal gut profiles were grouped according to trimester in utero, however, an expanded gene pool was found in the second trimester which correlates well with maximum gastrointestinal growth and differentiation. Isoelectric focusing-CEA radioimmunoassay profiles of individual primary adenomas were similar to but never identical with individual fetal gut profiles. "Fingerprints" of metastatic adenomas of entodermal origin showed quantitative and qualitative increases in molecules with CEA determinants unlike these latter categories. Such data suggest that both integrator and controller gene activities may be lost in metastatic disease. Rather than "phase-specific gene sets" on different chromosomes being activated by various oncogenic modalities, it is more probable that individual chromosomes are involved in oncogenesis. While more data are needed to confirm this idea, it is safe to say that the expression of molecules with CEA determinants need not be caused by either derepressive or reexpressive gene activation. These data point to the individuality of gene expression of molecules with CEA determinants both in fetal development and in early neoplasia. Since CEA-reacting molecules were not found in tumors of ectodermal or mesodermal origin by these methods, such products should be termed carcino-developmental antigens of entodermal or colonic origin.
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PMID:Gene activation of molecules with carcinoembryonic antigen determinants in fetal development and in adenocarcinoma of the colon. 6 12

A retrospective review of a series of cases of osseous metastases from carcinoma of the female breast treated either with single dose or ten fraction irradiation is reported. Equally reliable palliation was achieved by either method, unaffected by concomitant hormone therapy. The morbidity is assessed and the implications discussed. A prospective study is advocated.
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PMID:Single dose and fractionated palliative irradiation for osseous metastases. 6 30

Bencyclane hydrogen fumarate (Fludilat) was tested on the stickiness of tumor cells in vivo and in vitro. It was intended to determine whether Fludilat reduced the cancer cell stickiness in vitro, and if the survival time of cancer cell carrying animals can be increased with Fludilat in vivo, or in combination with a cytostatic. For the in vitro trials, concentrations from 0.001 mg/ml to 1 mg/ml medium were chosen. The survival trial on NMRI-mice with Nemeth-Kellner lymphosarcoma was performed in three groups, each with 4-5 sub-groups: Control group--Fludilat 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg/kg bodyweight, Bleomycin--50 mg/kg bodyweight, 100 mg/kg bodyweight, 250 mg/kg bodyweight, Bleomycin 50 mg/kg bodyweight + Fludilat 5 mg/kg bodyweight, Bleomycin 100 mg/kg + Fludilat 10 mg/kg bodyweight, Bleomycin 250 mg/kg + Fludilat 20 mg/kg bodyweight. The sequence of deaths was determined, and the 50% survival time was taken as criterium for the effect of the treatment. The in vitro trials showed a complete removal of the monolayer of the tumor cells from the bottom of the culture flask, in doses of 0.01-1 mg/ml medium. In the in vivo trial an increase in the 50% survival time could be achieved in all groups. The results of combined therapy of Fludilat and Bleomycin were striking. In comparison to the control animals, the treated animals showed that the occurrence of solid abdominal metastases from the Nemeth-Kellner lymphosarcoma could be almost completely prevented, especially at high doses. The Ca++-antagonistic effect, in changing the surface of the cells, is discussed as a mechanism of action.
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PMID:[The effect of bencyclane hydrogen fumarate (Fludilate) on the adhesion of tumor cells in vivo and in vitro]. 6 34

Needle biopsies of normal, benign hyperplastic, neoplastic and metastatic prostatic tissues were used to study the uptake of 3H testosterone by these tissues and their ability to convert testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. Histological quantification is important because stroma is active in both of these areas of biochemical activity. The 3H testosterone uptake by the tissues is relatively similar but benign prostatic hyperplasia and normal tissue consistently convert more testosterone to dihydrotestosterone than do neoplastic tissues. The least active in this regard are pure biopsies of neoplastic cells obtained from nodal metastases, suggesting extensive loss or repression of 5-alpha-reductase activity. Further, this defect is present in neoplastic tissues even if the patient has had an orchiectomy and/or received hormonal therapy. It is not known whether testosterone may substitute for dihydrotestosterone in the neoplastic nucleus. Our studies indicate that animal models that yield data on suppresion of 5-alpha-reductase activity by certain agents may have limited relevance to the tissues of human prostatic carcinoma.
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PMID:In vitro uptake of 3H testosterone and its conversion to dihydrotestosterone by prostatic carcinoma and other tissues. 6 62


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