Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A comparative study of serum antichymotrypsin, acid glycoprotein and antitrypsin levels has been made in various cancers. Antichymotrypsin (ACT) shows a non-specific elevation in metastatic cancer, and the response reflects tumour progression in a similar fashion to the other two acute phase reactant proteins. The main advantage of ACT as a marker appears to be its Normal distribution in health, and lack of phenotypic variation.
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PMID:The assessment of antichymotrypsin in cancer monitoring. 3 34

A preliminary report on a histologic malignancy grading of vulvar carcinoma is presented. A retrospective histologic study of 40 vulvar carcinoma cases stage I and II (TNM-system) with a minimum five-year follow-up was carried out and correlated to the course of the disease. Morphologic criteria characterizing the tumor cell population, as well as the tumor-host relationship, were examined and scored. The scores obtained could be divided into three groups that correlated well with the clinical outcome. The low-score group had no metastases or recurrence, whereas 82% of the high-score group had both metastases and fatalities. Depth of invasion was found to have a strong correlation to clinical outcome. A more accurate morphologic malignancy grading of such carcinomas could lead to a more individual and often less radical treatment plan.
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PMID:Histologic malignancy grading in invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. 3 84

This article deals with a case of pleural metastases of an adenocarcinoma starting at an unknown point in a 59-year-old patient without notable circulatory antecedents, shown by a recurrent phlebitis having several sites over two months and a hemothorax.
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PMID:[Clinical study and development of a revealing case of phlebitis]. 3 99

The article presents a case of a young pregnant woman with vaginal carcinoma who had been exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero. Surgical excision of the lesion was attempted but failed. Interstitial irradiation was then applied and proved successful. The patient's infant, as well as two subsequent children, were delivered by cesarean section after normal pregnancies. There was no evidence of metastatic disease or recurrence in 11 1/2 years following the initial diagnosis. Since 1965, a rising incidence of vaginal adenocarcinoma in women who were exposed to (DES) in utero has been reported. These women should be examined regularly after menarche for prompt evaluation and treatment of precancerous lesions such as adenosis, cervical erosion or transverse ridges. Since most of these patients are young, a conservative treatment is recommended. Extensive surgery and pelvic irradiation is indicated, however, in the cases of widespread disease.
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PMID:Vaginal adenocarcinoma in a gravida with prenatal DES exposure. 3 86

Mean fasting levels of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in 24 patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) and in 12 patients with hyperparathyroidism originating from families with multiple endocrine adenomatosis type I (MEAI-HPT) were significantly higher than in 72 normal controls. The overlap between the 3 groups, however, was large. In patients with ZES, increased PP levels were not related to the presence of MEAI or metastases; nor was there a correlation between serum PP and gastrin concentrations. The post-prandial PP release in 10 ZES patients and in 10 patients with MEAI-HPT was lower than in 9 normal controls. The physiological significance of the present findings is unclear.
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PMID:Serum levels of pancreatic polypeptide in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and hyperparthyroidism from families with multiple endocrine adenomatosis type I. 3 34

A study of the value of serum enzymes in 184 patients with colorectal cancer has been performed. The enzymes studied were gamma glutamyltransferase (gammaGT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 5'-nucleotidase (5'-NT), glutathione reductase (GR), alanine and aspartate transaminases. In patients without liver metastases, elevated enzyme levels were found in 11-55% preoperatively. 5'-NT showed the least number of elevated activities, while gammaGT activities were increased in 29% and LDH in 55%. The percentage of elevated enzyme levels rose significantly in the early postoperative period. Patients with liver metastases showed increased enzyme activities in 40-60% preoperatively: gammaGT was the most sensitive indicator. Increased enzyme activity was related to the degree of liver involvement with secondary tumor. With extensive liver metastases, gammaGT levels were increased in 82%. It is concluded that serum enzymes are of limited value in the preoperative detection of liver metastases, and particularly when tumor involvement of the liver is small.
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PMID:Serum enzymes in colorectal cancer. 3 19

The levels of PHI are evaluated in 94 patients, who are classified by histological, scintigraphycal, radiological, biochemical and clinical test in: 16 patients, who suffer from some premalignant lesions of breast and uterus, 15 patients, who suffer from cancer of breast without metastases, 20 patients who suffer from cancer of breast with metastases, 18 patients who suffer from with cancer of uterus without metastases, 25 patients who suffer from cancer of uterus with metastases. The PHI activity is also evaluated in relation to the activity of other enzymes (LDH, AIP, G-GT). It has been revealed that: a) the PHI activity keeps within limits of normal value in patients who suffer from some pre-malignant lesions; b) all the patients suffer from cancer of breast without metastases show normal levels of PHI; c) in the patients with cancer of breast with metastases: 5 patients show normal levels of PHI, 5 patients show levels of PHI within limits, certainly 10 patients show pathological levels; d) in patients with cancer of uterus without metastases the value of enzymes results pathological in 6 patients, 6 patients show levels of PHI within limits that are above average and 6 patients show normal levels of PHI; e) the value of PHI always results high in patients with cancer of uterus with metastases.
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PMID:[The determination of phosphohexose isomerase in patients with cancer of breast and uterus. A comparison with other tests (author's transl)]. 3 46

Twenty-seven small cell carcinomas of the lung and three tumors of the large intestine with combined adenocarcinomatous and small cell and/or anaplastic carcinoid-type histologic features were studied by light and electron microscopy. It was shown that the small cells have morphologic characteristics of APUD cells. Also presented are the histologic features of a carcinoma of the lung with large cell undifferentiated carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and giant cell carcinoma areas in the primary site and in several metastatic foci. Two of the renal metastases showed small cell carcinoma. The combined tumors and the numerous other similar neoplasms described in the literature and reviewed here suggest an endodermal origin for digestive and respiratory tract APUD cells based on the hypothesis that cancer is a clonal proliferation, and mucous and squamous cell differentiation is an endodermal rather than neural crest characteristic. The ultrastructural features of tumors of cells of known neural crest origin, including a medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, three carotid body tumors, a pheochromocytoma, and two cutaneous melanomas were compared with those of other APUD cell tumors including small cell carcinomas of the lung, two bronchial carcinoids, a carcinoid of the appendix, and a carcinoid of the kidney. Cells of the latter group sometimes possessed cytoplasmic tonofibrils, round compact masses of cytoplasmic microfilaments, and ductal lumina. These features were lacking in the former group and may signify a different embryologic origin. The histologic, histopathologic, and embryologic evidence regarding the origin of digestive and respiratory tract APUD cells is reviewed, showing that the former are, and the latter probably are, of endodermal and not neuroectodermal origin.
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PMID:The endodermal origin of digestive and respiratory tract APUD cells. Histopathologic evidence and a review of the literature. 3 40

Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT, EC. 2.3.2.2. was measured in 173 patients with diseases of the hepatobiliary system (including metastatic cancer) and in 90 patients who were subsequently shown to have primary diseases of other etiology. All patients had been selected because they had abnormal alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase or bilirubin on SMA 12/60 screening. Serum GGT was elevated in 97% of patients with primary hepatobiliary disease. The magnitude of the increase in GGT was variable in all groups and was unhelpful in differential diagnosis, even between medical and surgical cases. Moreover, GGT was abnormal in 69 patients who did not have primary hepatobiliary disease (77%), an incidence higher than that for other enzyme tests performed. We conclude that because GGT was more susceptible than other tests to spurious elevation in the absence of hepatobiliary disease and was unhelpful in differential diagnosis, it has little value apart from monitoring alcohol abuse and enzyme induction.
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PMID:Lack of value of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease. 3 86

The local xenogeneic graft-vs-host reaction (XGVHR) was used as a practical bioassay to assess T lymphocyte function and immunocompetence among cancer patients. Positive XGVHR was found in 99.5% of normal donors, 70% of cancer patients with early stage disease, and 30% of cancer patients with metastatic disease (p less than 0.001). A minimum of 4.5 x 10(6) immunocompetent T lymphocytes are necessary in order to elicit a positive XGVHR. Negative reactions among cancer patients are characterized by the lack of edema fluid accumulation and the appearance of the most basophils at the test site. This suggests that insufficient amounts of lymphokines are being released by the incompetent T lymphocytes, whereas the host is capable of mounting a rejection reaction as evidenced by the appearance of the basophils. Preliminary evidence suggests that the immunologic defect detected by the XGVHR cannot be corrected by monocyte depletion. The identification of putative suppressor T cell subsets may bear immunotherapeutic implications in the future.
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PMID:Local xenogeneic graft-vs-host reaction: a practical assessment of T cell function among cancer patients. 3 63


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