Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF) is a breakpoint cluster region rearrangement-negative chronic myeloproliferative disease with progressive bone marrow fibrosis. We report a female patient (65 years old) who was admitted to our hospital in 1996. Trephine bone marrow biopsy revealed diffuse fibrosis with atypical multilobulated megakaryocytes. A cellular phase of IMF was diagnosed. Three years later, despite being at intermediate risk, the patient developed generalized lymphadenopathy and multiple sclerosing tumors throughout the peritoneum and retroperitoneum. Biopsy specimens from these tumors revealed sclerosing hematopoietic infiltrates. The present case demonstrates that IMF not only can progress to acute leukemia but can also spread uncontrollably, or 'metastasize' with extensive sclerosing hematopoietic tumors throughout the body.
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PMID:Idiopathic myelofibrosis with nodal, serosal and parenchymatous infiltration. Case report and review of the literature. 1197 39

There were a total of 9788 newly-diagnosed cancers in Connecticut residents in 1969, an increase of 475 (5.1%) over 1968. 4620 were in males and 5168 in females. Tumors of the digestive organs were the most frequent, 2680 cases (27.4%). There were 1895 tumors of the genital organs (19.4%), 1421 of the breast (14.5%), and 1285 of the respiratory system (13.1%). The age-adjusted incidence rates for all tumors were 297.3 per 100,000 for males, an increase of 1% over 1968, and 295.1 for females, an increase of 5.4%. Among females the increased numbers of tumors were mostly breast, digestive organs, and lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. For males cancer of the respiratory system showed the most increase. Female respiratory cancer declined slightly. Breast cancers in females increased 13.9%, the largest yearly increase ever recorded in Connecticut. The older age group (75-79 years) showed the most marked increase, from 311 to 403.1 per 100,000. Of the breast cancers 50.4% were localized, 37.2% had regional spread, and 7.8% remote metastases. In the others the stage was not recorded. Earlier diagnoses are obviously needed. In males cancer of the respiratory system increased from 63.7 per 100,000 in 1968 to 67.3 in 1969. Men over age 85 showed an increase of 156%. The rates in males for tongue and prostate cancer decreased. For children leukemia was the most frequent cancer, for girls 15-19 and boys 19-24 Hodgkin's disease was more frequent. In women aged 20-39 cancer of the cervix was most often diagnosed; after age 40, cancer of the breast; after age, 80, tumors of the large intestine. In men aged 25-34 cancer of the testes predominated; from 40-74, cancers of the lung and bronchus; and over 75, cancer of the prostate. During 1969 there were a total of 5073 cancer deaths, exclusive of nonmelanotic skin and myelofibrosis, 2759 males and 2314 females. 301.% of the deaths among males were digestive organ cancers, 27.8% were respiratory organ disease. Among females 29.4% of deaths were tumors of the digestive organs and 23.7% were breast cancers. Age-adjusted mortality rates were 176.6 per 100,000 for males and 122.4 for females, a slight decrease from 1968.
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PMID:Cancer in Connecticut, 1969. 1233 71

Various kinds of scans were performed on 439 patients, using several types of radioactive substances. Using I(131), functioning metastases were demonstrated in 11 of 26 patients with follicular or papillary thyroid cancer; in three of these patients the results of scans were a decisive influence in attempting radioiodine therapy. Radioiron scans demonstrated extramedullary hematopoiesis in patients with polycythemia vera, myelofibrosis, and myelophthisic anemia. Radiocopper studies showed abnormal concentration in the kidneys in two patients with Wilson's disease. Radioactive strontium localized in bone metastases in at least four patients with malignant disease. Liver and kidney scans, using I(131)-Rose Bengal and Hg(203)-Neohydrin respectively, have been useful in the management of patients suffering from malignant disease, renal hypertension, and certain other disorders.
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PMID:Whole body scanning in medicine. II. Clinical aspects. 1391 37

We describe our experience with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment in fibrotic conditions and our results and experience with the effect of IVIg therapy to prevent metastases in malignancy. We have delineated the mechanisms by which IVIg can affect atherosclerosis (i.e., effect on MMP-9, antiidiotypes to anti-OxLDL), which led to reduced atherosclerosis in animal models. The effect of IVIg on skin fibrosis was assessed in a murine model of scleroderma-like disease. Collagen expression was decreased in the skin of mice treated with mouse IVIg, associated with decreased type I collagen gene expression, and accompanied by inhibition of transforming growth factor (TGF)beta and interleukin (IL)-4 secretion by splenocytes. We also described a favorable response to IVIg treatment in patients with either systemic sclerosis or myelofibrosis. The administration of IVIg to mice inoculated with melanoma or sarcoma cells induced a statistically significant inhibition of metastatic lung foci and prolongation of survival time. IVIg was found to stimulate the production of IL-12, an anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic cytokine. Positive staining of the cytoplasm, cell membrane, and nuclear membrane of several types of malignant tumors by IVIg was immunohistochemically demonstrated.
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PMID:Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment for fibrosis, atherosclerosis, and malignant conditions. 1558 34

This model proposes that primary carcinomatous tumors and almost all metastases are extramedullary hematopoietic tissue formed to compensate for reduced hematopoietic activity in the bone marrow. These marrow lesions are currently considered to be metastatic in origin, but as fibrosis and sclerosis are identifying features they are here equated to myelofibrosis. Myelofibrotic marrow is characterized by an increase in the number and size of vascular sinusoids. The increased blood flow suggested by this morphology, and observed in myelofibrosis patients, causes a rise in marrow pressure which may trigger the fibrosis. Specific carcinoma morphologies are equated to stages in endochondral bone and marrow formation and, as such, cancer cell identity varies with morphology. For example, infiltrating carcinomas of the breast consist of collagen and mucoid secreting cells in single file formation. This morphology is equated to the cartilagenous stage of marrow formation, when mesenchymal stem cells proliferate and differentiate into chondroblasts. In this model "infiltrating" cells arise in situ from stem cells located in the connective tissue. Tubular breast carcinoma, with its single layer of osteoblast-like carcinoma cells encircling small lumens and long branching tubules, is equated to the trabecular stage of marrow formation during which osteoblasts surround small pieces of calcified cartilage and begin secreting osteoid that will form the trabeculae. Lobular carcinoma in situ consists of cancer cell clusters separated by narrow clear spaces that, under high magnification, appear vascular. This morphology is equated to hematopoietic tissue in which primitive hematopoietic cells lie between anastomosing sinusoids. Similar cartilagenous, trabecular and hematopoietic morphologies can be found in carcinomatous tumors of most organs, but the nomenclature is variable. The hematopoietic carcinomas share numerous features with hematopoietic tissue including a structure composed of intermingled normoxic and hypoxic regions and a metabolism characterized by elevated levels of glycolysis. They also contain similar proportions of clonal cells. If this model is correct it necessitates a change in the treatment of carcinoma. If cancer cells are not the enemy, but desperately needed immature blood cells, and the medical problem is not the presence of tumors, but the inefficiency of this extramedullary hematopoietic tissue, then treatment should focus on increasing marrow hematopoiesis. As evidence suggests that the marrow lesion is the result of increased hydrostatic pressure this could be done by reducing blood volume. One way to accomplish this may be through the ingestion of ephedrine, as it is hypothesized to increase vascular tone.
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PMID:An etiologic model proposing that sporadic adult-onset carcinoma is extramedullary hematopoiesis. 1654 Feb 57

There is lack of information about the relative prevalence of haematological disorders in Yemen and other Middle East countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of haematological diseases diagnosed by bone marrow examination in Yemen considering the limited diagnostic facilities. At the referral haematology centre in Yemen, between November 1999 and November 2005, 785 patients >14 years old were evaluated by bone marrow examination. Relevant investigations were performed when needed. A total of 627 patients had haematological disorders other than lymphoma, and their data were analysed. There were 273 females and 354 males. A total of 159 patients had Acute myeloid leukaemia, 75 had acute lymphocytic leukaemia, 87 had chronic myeloid leukaemia, 36 chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, eight had multiple myeloma, 13 myelodysplastic syndromes, seven myelofibrosis, seven polycythaemia vera, three primary thrombocythaemia, two hairy cell leukaemia, two metastases, 36 aplastic anaemia, 29 immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), nine autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, three pernicious anaemia, 65 iron deficiency anaemia, 57 megaloblastic anaemia and malaria, 18 mixed deficiencies, and 11 patients had visceral leishmaniasis. Sex- and age-related distribution of the various disorders was also presented. In conclusion, the leukaemias were the most frequently encountered diagnosis followed by iron deficiency anaemia, megaloblastic anaemia and malaria, aplastic anaemia and ITP respectively. The other haematological disorders were less common. These findings are comparable with that seen in other developing and developed countries.
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PMID:Pattern of haematological diseases diagnosed by bone marrow examination in Yemen: a developing country experience. 1710 90

In a 62-year-old man with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, a postoperative Tc-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid [(V) DMSA] study was requested. In the Tc-99m (V) DMSA scan. no abnormalities, indicating local recurrence or metastatic disease, were observed. However, there was increased uptake in the spleen and liver and significantly diffusely increased uptake in the bone marrow. The patient also had a history of myelofibrosis and these findings appear to have been the result of this pathology.
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PMID:Tc-99m pentavalent DMSA scintigraphy in myelofibrosis detection. 1711 79

We present the case of a 71-year-old patient with rugger-jersey vertebrae who was referred to us with a tentative diagnosis of Paget's disease. After considering other conditions causing similar bone sclerosis, such as metastases, lymphoma, renal osteodystrophy, myelofibrosis, thalassemia, and Gaucher's disease, we agreed on a diagnosis of osteopetrosis. This is a rare entity of genetic origin, manifest by variable generalized symmetric skeletal sclerosis caused by defective bone resorption.
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PMID:Rugger-jersey vertebrae. 1907 34

SP is an undecapeptide that belongs to the family of related neurokinins termed tachykinins. SP is one of the mediators responsible for the neural-immune/hematopoietic cross-talk. It is released from the nerve fibers of the autonomic and enteric nervous systems in lymphoid organs and is also produced by the resident, stromal or hematopoietic cells. SP stimulates the production of hematopoietic cytokines (e.g. IL-1, IL-3, IL-6, SCF, GM-CSF) by bone marrow stromal cells. It enhances the proliferation of bone marrow progenitors, both directly by binding to progenitor's receptors and indirectly by interacting with marrow stromal cells. SP can also modulate immune and hematopoietic functions like phagocytosis, immunoglobulin production, lymphocyte proliferation and platelet aggregation. SP fragments derived from endopeptidase activity could also exert immune and hematopoietic regulation. The biological effects of SP are mediated through interactions with certain G protein-coupled receptors: the neurokinin (NK) receptors. Different studies have shown that NK receptors are localized on immuno-competent cells, including monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, dendritic cells and T or B lymphocytes, bone marrow stromal cells and hematopoietic progenitors. The disturbance of the neural-hematopoietic-immune axis may be implicated in hematological malignancies. SP seems to be important in the neoplastic transformation of bone marrow, leading to the development of acute leukaemia in children; myelofibrosis and also metastases to bone marrow of solid tumors in early stages of these diseases.
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PMID:[Substance P as a regulatory peptide of hematopoiesis and blood cell functions]. 1925 69

Breast cancer is a common tumour in the elderly population and management of early disease in particular is a major challenge for oncologists and geriatricians alike. An important aspect is a differentiated knowledge about the short-term effects and long-term perspectives regarding levels of functioning and subjective well-being associated with different treatment strategies. The article focuses on available quality-of-life (QOL) measurement instruments in elderly patients with early breast cancer and the impact of various local or systemic treatments on QOL scores. A selective literature search was carried out in the PubMed database from January 2000 to May 2010 using the terms 'early breast cancer', 'elderly' and 'quality of life'. Contributions to international congresses on breast cancer in 2009 were also included. Of the 80 articles retrieved, 46 publications were excluded from further consideration due to failure to fulfil inclusion criteria (e.g. not restricted to the elderly, inclusion of patients with metastatic disease, no adjuvant treatment). Sixteen papers focusing on complementary treatment were also rejected. The remaining 18 articles were extensively reviewed. The selection of described QOL measurements was very heterogeneous in these 18 studies. Commonly used QOL instruments were the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QOL questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-C30, EORTC QLQ-BR23) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy questionnaires (FACT-G, FACT-B) and its subscales. Additionally, the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (MOS-SF-36), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) approach were used by various study groups. The general limitations of QOL assessment in the elderly population are discussed in the review. Surgery, when considered from a technical point of view, does not differ significantly with patient age. Furthermore, age in itself should not be a contraindication to breast-conserving surgery (BCS) because QOL appears somewhat better after conservative surgical treatment. Avoiding axillary surgery and undergoing sentinel lymph node dissection in elderly patients are both associated with better short-term QOL. However, conventional axillary surgery has little effect on long-term QOL in older women. The advent of innovative radiotherapy techniques has resulted in marked improvements in short-term tolerability together with reductions in the incidence and severity of late normal tissue damage. A potential alternative to conventional postoperative radiotherapy after BCS in the future is the intraoperative radiotherapy technique. Chemotherapy has considerable effects on QOL in breast cancer patients. Most studies found that overall QOL was maintained or improved in patients receiving either aromatase inhibitors or tamoxifen but patients reported different adverse effects. For the majority of older breast cancer survivors, cancer-specific well-being and general emotional health do not change substantially after a breast cancer diagnosis. In summary, issues related to baseline co-morbidities in frail elderly, the adverse effects of novel chemotherapeutic agents (e.g. nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel) or target drugs (biologicals) and compliance in the elderly population should receive more attention in evaluations of QOL in elderly breast cancer patients. Future studies that include QOL measurements should also provide details on the data collection and quality control methodologies used.
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PMID:Quality-of-life considerations in the treatment of early-stage breast cancer in the elderly. 2088 59


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