Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three patients with carcinoid tumors of the anterior mediastinum are described. Study of these patients and an analysis of previously reported cases indicates that the thymus is the primary site of these tumors, which are probably related to the presence of Kulchitsky cells in normal thymus. These neoplasms differ clinically and anatomically from conventional thymomas. They occur predominantly in men, are not associated with myasthenia gravis or red-cell hypoplasia, and are more aggressive tumors than thymomas. Histologically, they are similar to carcinoid tumors of other organs and differ from the variable combination of epithelial cells and lymphocytes of thymomas. Although they are usually locally invasive and frequently metastasize, the clinical course is usually protracted. It is probable that the reported examples of Cushing's syndrome related to thymomas were actually associated with thymic carcinoid tumors.
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PMID:Carcinoid tumors of the thymus. 0 80

The patient described in this clinical demonstration suffered from severe myasthenia gravis shortly before the detection and for 3 years after surgical removal of a cystic thymoma. At the end of this period, when the myasthenia subsided, she developed systemic lupus erythematosus simultaneously with pleural implantation metastases of the thymoma. After local radiation therapy and under systemic immunosuppression she has remained asymptomatic since the spring of 1978. The pathogenetic and immunogenetic basis of myasthenia gravis and autoimmune diseases associated with thymoma and thymus hyperplasia is reviewed, and a plea is entered for more comprehensive and integrative internal medicine.
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PMID:[Myasthenia gravis and visceral lupus erythematosus]. 39 18

Malignant thymoma is a relatively rare condition and a review of the literature reveals approximately 100 reported cases. Only a small percentage of these have been treated with megavoltage radiation therapy; therefore, it is difficult to find the necessary information to establish a proper time-dose relationship for treatment. This report deals with the radiation therapy and survival data concerning nine patients treated for malignant thymoma during a ten year period at the Medical University of South Carolina. Megavoltage irradiation in the dose range of 3500-4800 rads was employed in all patients. All gross tumor was completely resected in only three patients, two had a biopsy only, and the remaining four had subtotal resections. Local tumor control has been 100% with the average follow-up being 5.5 years and a minimum of 30 months. Three patients are dead; one from intercurrent disease, one from myasthenia gravis, and one from radiation injury to the spinal cord. One patient is alive with metastatic disease controlled by chemotherapy. The technique of radiation therapy is outlined, as well as suggested treatment policy.
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PMID:Radition therpay control of nine patients with malignant thymoma. 41 30

A series of 43 patients with thymoma was reviewed. The patients were classified with respect to some factors of prognostic significance. The tumors were reclassified histologically, and a staging system with three defined stage-groups was applied to the series on the basis of operative findings and histological examination of surgical specimens. Surgical-pathological staging is of high prognostic and therapeutic importance in thymomas. Complete removal of the tumor was possible in the 25 patients with stage I or II disease and in 14 of the 18 patients with stage III tumors. Pleural metastases were observed in half of the patients with stage III disease. Even patients with extensive local spread or pleural metastases were subject to tumor resection. The treatment of choice is radical resection along in stage I; radical extirpation and, if indicated, postoperative radiotherapy in stage II; and radical resection whenever possible, even in cases of pleural spread, in stage III, with postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Myasthenia gravis is an indication rather than a contraindication to radical treatment of thymoma, although some patients may deterioratte. The importance of total thymectomy is stressed.
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PMID:Tumors of the thymus and thymic region: I. Clinicopathological studies on thymomas. 62 43

Neuroblastoma is one of the most common malignant neoplasms in infants and children under 5 years of age. The commonest manifestations are abdominal masses or metastases. The case reported showed unusual manifestations as the presenting features simulated myasthenia gravis in all aspects. He was a child, aged 3 years, who was admitted because of generalized weakness, inability to open his eyes and lethargy. Radiography showed an oval opacity at the right upper zone of the chest. A thorocotomy was performed and a tumour was removed from the posterior mediastinum. Histopathology confirmed diagnosis of ganglioneuroblastoma. There is only one similar report in the medical literature.
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PMID:Ganglioneuroblastoma presenting as myasthenia gravis. 86 63

A series of 22 consecutive cases of thymic tumour was collected and the tumours were reclassified according to a modified classification scheme. Two-thirds of them were benign lympho-epitheliomas, though in one case pleural implants were noted. One-third of the tumours were clearly malignant (carcinomas, lymphomas and seminomas). In one of the seminomas and in a case of Hodgkin's disease of the thymus no signs of recurrence or metastases have been observed in 10 and 8 years respectively. The sex distribution was fairly equal except that all three seminomas were detected in young men. The malignant tumours usually gave rise to symptoms, while the benign ones did not. Four of the lympho-epitheliomas were associated with myasthenia gravis. No other associated syndrome was observed. The possibility that lympho-epitheliomas may be malignant is discussed.
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PMID:Tumours of the thymus. 124 6

Of the 71 cases of thymoma reviewed, 31 were benign and 40 were malignant. Associated syndromes were common--myasthenia gravis 51% (36/71), red cell aplasia 3%, hypogammaglobulinemia 4%, mucocutaneous candidiasis 1%, and a number of other autoimmune diseases and neoplasms. These were almost equally distributed among benign and malignant tumors. A plain radiograph showing diffuse involvement of the mediastinum always indicates invasive (malignant) thymoma, while a localized pattern usually suggests a benign lesion (25 of 39 cases). Computerized tomography or MRI often gives additional information. An optimistic approach and aggressive radiotherapy are indicated in patients whose only metastatic disease is to one pleural space; prolonged survival is frequent in this group.
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PMID:Thymoma--report of 71 cases and a review. 157 Oct 88

We present a case of pure red cell aplasia appearing four months after thymectomy for an invasive thymoma. A 61-year-old female whose chest X-ray demonstrated an anterior mediastinal mass was admitted to our hospital. Preoperative examination revealed neither anemia nor myasthenia gravis. During surgery, as it was found that the thymoma had invaded the upper left lobe of the lung and the left diaphragmatic nerve, these tissues were partially resected along with the thymus and the parathymic adipose tissue. Histologically the epithelial cells of the thymoma had round-oval nuclei with predominant lymphatic infiltration. There were some clusters of epithelial cells in the adjacent involuted thymic tissues. After postoperative radiotherapy of 40 Gy, the patient was discharged. About four months after the operation, she was readmitted because of anemia. Bone marrow aspiration demonstrated few erythroblasts but normal findings of granulopoiesis. Chest CT and radioisotopic examination revealed neither metastases nor recurrence of thymoma. Her anemia showed marked improvement by steroid therapy. After she was discharged, her condition has been uneventful in spite of tapering the steroid dose for seven months.
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PMID:[A case of pure red cell aplasia appearing after thymectomy]. 177 96

This paper reports a case of an histological non aggressive thymoma with myasthenic symptoms as the first clinical manifestation. Three years after its complete surgical resection liver metastases appeared without evidence of intrathoracic neoplastic disease. The extrathoracic metastases are uncommon and the thymomatous myasthenia gravis is present in 25 to 50% of cases. We reviewed the literature and analyzed its clinical pathological characteristics and therapeutics approach.
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PMID:[Malignant thymoma with myasthenia gravis and hepatic metastasis. Report of a case and review of the literature]. 215 12

The authors report an immunohistologic study of primary thymomas from 23 cases with myasthenia gravis (MG) and 7 without. Typical T6+ cortical thymocytes were usually abundant. Most epithelial cells initially appeared to be of cortical type, too, though many bore subcapsular markers in most samples. However, two-color immunofluorescence revealed unexpected heterogeneity, numerous epithelial cells simultaneously expressing some or all of the markers of both these subsets (even in two pleural metastases). It is inferred that there is a common tumor stem cell whose normal counterpart may be related to the rare patches of similar phenotype in the cortex in control samples. The authors could detect no major differences in 5 of 7 samples from nonmyasthenics; thus, most thymoma cases may risk the development of MG. Finally, thymomas from 6 of 7 further MG cases pretreated with corticosteroids showed very few cortical thymocytes, and the (phenotypically similar) epithelium was more obvious.
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PMID:Myasthenic and nonmyasthenic thymoma. An expansion of a minor cortical epithelial cell subset? 243 39


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