Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum osteocalcin (BGP) is a new marker of bone turnover that reportedly evaluates bone formation. Thus, its measurement could assess the bone formation rate in tumor-associated hypercalcemia. We measured concentrations of BGP and other parameters of bone metabolism in 54 untreated hypercalcemic cancer patients as compared to 109 healthy subjects. Primary tumor sites were breast (19), lung (11), head and neck (6), multiple myeloma (3), kidney (2), and various (11) or multiple (2). Mean BGP levels were higher in the hypercalcemic subjects, 4.6 +/- 0.4 (SEM) ng/ml, than in the normal subjects, 3.6 +/- 0.1 ng/ml (p less than .05), and were normalized in the 22 patients who could be reevaluated after successful treatment of hypercalcemia with intravenous aminohydroxypropylidene diphosphonate (APD). There was no correlation of BGP levels with age, sex, or renal function. Compared with the Gaussian distribution in the normal subjects, there was a considerable scatter of the data in hypercalcemic patients, suggesting the existence of defined subgroups with abnormally low or abnormally high values. However, we found no significant relationship of BGP concentrations with tumor site or histology or with bone metastatic involvement. We found also no significant correlation between concentrations of serum BGP and total or ionized calcium, alkaline phosphatase, parameters of bone resorption, and indices of parathyroid function. In summary, serum BGP levels were slightly elevated in tumor-associated hypercalcemia and were normalized after successful treatment of hypercalcemia. More importantly, BGP concentrations varied widely even in the subgroups of patients with hypercalcemia accompanying massive bone metastatic involvement or in the patients without detectable skeletal metastases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Serum osteocalcin (BGP) in tumor-associated hypercalcemia. 350 43

Eleven patients with solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB) and six patients with extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) were treated at the UCLA Center for the Health Sciences. Primary treatment in 14 of 17 patients was with radiation, while three patients were irradiated for recurrent disease. Eleven patients with SPB were irradiated with dose of 32-55 Gy, with 10 of 11 patients receiving doses of 40-55 Gy. Local control was achieved in 10 of 11 patients with SPB. One patient died with metastatic disease with unknown local status. Six patients with EMP were irradiated with doses of 38-56 Gy. Of these patients, two were locally controlled; one patient failed locally; one patient died during treatment; one patient died with local disease at 85 months after multiple resections, chemotherapy, and two courses of irradiation; and one patient was lost to follow-up. Progression to multiple myeloma was seen in 5 of 11 patients with SPB and in none of six patients with EMP. For patients with SPB, we recommend treating the entire bone to 40 Gy, with a boost when feasible. Patients with EMP receive the same dose, including the lymph nodes in tumors at high risk for spread. Radical surgical resections appear to be unwarranted.
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PMID:The treatment of solitary plasmacytoma of bone and extramedullary plasmacytoma. 359 39

The effects of 14AC1 monoclonal antibody (McAb) on 79FR-G-41 rat glioma cells in vitro, on the formation of metastases in lung by antibody coated glioma cells, and on the growth of glioma grafts in BALB/c-nu/nu mice were investigated. The 14AC1 antibodies - isotyped as IgG2a - were obtained from a hybridoma clone established after fusion of X63-Ag8.653 myeloma cells and spleen cells of BALB/c mice hyperimmunized with 79FR-G-41 glioma cells. Antibody treatment of glioma cells in vitro caused evident cell surface alterations and pronounced growth depression of most cells. However, a few tumor cells remained unchanged in morphology and continued to proliferate. Moreover, 14AC1 antibodies drastically reduced lung metastasis by pretreated and i.v. delivered glioma cells. Additionally, 14AC1 antibodies suppressed the growth of transplanted rat gliomas in nude mice as evidenced by a longer latency period and a smaller volume of glioma grafts in treated than in control tumor bearers. Nevertheless, glioma grafts showed accelerated growth after termination of antibody treatment. Further experimental investigation is required in order to identify the precise mechanisms of the effects of McAbs on tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.
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PMID:Growth inhibition of experimental glioma grafts by monoclonal antibody treatment. 377 19

Spleen cells from rats bearing syngeneic metastatic 13762NF mammary adenocarcinoma clone MTLn3 tumors were fused with the rat myeloma Y3 Ag1.2.3 to generate a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). The MAbs could be divided into three groups: those cross-reactive with all 13762NF cells; those reactive with cloned MTLn3 and MTC cells; and those predominantly reactive with the highly metastatic MTLn3 cells. One of these MAbs, MT10:21 (an immunoglobulin G2a), binds predominantly to highly metastatic MTLn3 cells and has a high tumor-cell affinity as determined by its saturation kinetics. MAb MT10:21 has a 6-h half-life on the MTLn3 cell surface and a 24-h half-life in the blood of syngeneic rats. Immunoblotting experiments using lysates from the cloned 13762NF sublines revealed that MAb MT10:21 binds to several proteins having relative molecular weights of 72,000, 73,000, and 120,000. Using an immunohistochemical procedure with frozen tissue sections, MAb MT10:21 shows little reactivity with normal rat mammary tissue, irrespective of the stage of the estrous cycle, and it failed to react with a number of other normal fetal and adult tissues. Furthermore, MAb MT10:21 is heterogeneous in its reactivity to cloned sublines of the 13762NF mammary adenocarcinoma, on both tissue cultured cells and tissue sections prepared from tumors growing in situ in the mammary fat pads of syngeneic rats. MAb MT10:21 reacted with certain human breast cancer cell lines and with a subpopulation of metastatic human breast cancer cells in frozen tissue sections from biopsies and autopsies. Metastases from breast cancers reacted more intensely than the primary tumors from which they were derived.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies against cell-surface antigens of the metastatic rat 13762NF mammary adenocarcinoma and their cross-reactivity with human breast carcinomas. 377 54

The numbers of second cancers among 182,040 women treated for cervical cancer that were reported to 15 cancer registries in 8 countries were compared to the numbers expected had the same risk prevailed as in the general population. A small 9% excess of second cancers (5,146 observed vs. 4,736 expected) occurred 1 or more years after treatment. Large radiation doses experienced by 82,616 women did not dramatically alter their risk of developing a second cancer; at most, about 162 of 3,324 second cancers (approximately equal to 5%) could be attributed to radiation. The relative risk (RR = 1.1) for developing cancer in organs close to the cervix that had received high radiation exposures--most notably, the bladder, rectum, uterine corpus, ovary, small intestine, bone, and connective tissue--and for developing multiple myeloma increased with time since treatment. No similar increase was seen for 99,424 women not treated with radiation. Only a slight excess of acute and non-lymphocytic leukemia was found among irradiated women (RR = 1.3), and substantially fewer cases were observed than expected on the basis of current radiation risk estimates. The small risk of leukemia may be associated with low doses of radiation absorbed by the bone marrow outside the pelvis, inasmuch as the marrow in the pelvis may have been destroyed or rendered inactive by very large radiotherapy exposures. There was little evidence of a radiation effect for cancers of the stomach, colon, liver, and gallbladder, for melanoma and other skin cancers, or for chronic lymphocytic leukemia despite substantial exposures. An excess of thyroid cancer possibly was related to the low dose received by this organ. Ovarian damage caused by radiation may have been responsible for a low breast cancer risk (RR = 0.7), which was evident even among postmenopausal women. A substantial excess of lung cancer (RR = 3.7) largely may be due to misclassification of metastases and the confounding influence of cigarette smoking. Women who were under 30 or over 50 years of age when irradiated were at greatest absolute risk for developing a second cancer. The RR, however, was higher among those under age 30 years at exposure (RR = 3.9) than among older women. The expression period for radiation-induced solid tumors appeared to continue to the end of life.
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PMID:Second cancers following radiation treatment for cervical cancer. An international collaboration among cancer registries. 385 84

Osteocalcin is synthesized by osteoblasts and its concentration in serum is increased when bone metabolism is raised. Radioimmunoassay of serum from 88 healthy adults gave a mean osteocalcin value for the whole group of 4.11 +/- 1.43 ng/ml. The level rose with age. In seven patients with primary hyperparathyroidism the mean value was markedly raised to 19.37 +/- 9.2 ng/ml, in 23 with metastasizing carcinoma of the breast it was elevated to 6.57 +/- 2.98 ng/ml. Serial measurements in 14 female patients over seven months revealed different changes in osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase in some of them. In patients with breast cancer and soft-tissue metastases or without metastases both osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase levels were normal. Three of 17 patients with multiple myeloma had increased osteocalcin levels. These results indicate that it is clinically helpful to know osteocalcin levels in primary hyperparathyroidism. Determination of osteocalcin concentration, in addition to that of alkaline phosphatase, can be of value in the postmastectomy management of patients with breast cancer, especially in the early recognition of bone metastases. The diagnostic value of osteocalcin levels in multiple myeloma remains undecided.
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PMID:[Osteocalcin, a marker in diseases with elevated bone metabolism]. 387 69

Levels of a new carbohydrate antigen, CA 19-9, which is a monosialoganglioside identified by a monoclonal antibody raised against colorectal carcinoma cells, were compared to conventional CEA assays in 615 sera from healthy controls, patients with benign gastrointestinal disorders, and patients with cancers of gastrointestinal or extragastrointestinal origin. Whereas CEA levels were higher in smokers, CA 19-9 values were independent of the smoking history. CA 19-9 was undetectable in lymphoma and myeloma patients, but some patients with extraintestinal epithelial cancers expressed this antigen in serum. For benign and malignant gastrointestinal diseases, CA 19-9 displayed higher sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values than CEA. CA 19-9 was elevated as frequently as CEA in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer, but in patients with localized disease, CA 19-9 was elevated more often than was CEA. In colorectal cancer, patients with and without metastases were detected at similar rates by both assays. It is concluded that CA 19-9 is a marker of epithelial cancers, does not vary with the smoking status, and is superior to CEA in detecting gastrointestinal malignancies, especially those arising from the pancreatic gland.
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PMID:Prospective evaluation of the diagnostic efficacy of CA 19-9 assay as a marker for gastrointestinal cancers. 394 Feb 35

Two women are described in whom, on the basis of prior therapy for breast cancer and the presence of painful, lytic bone lesions, an initial diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer was made. Further evaluation established the diagnosis of multiple myeloma in both patients. Neither had evidence of recurrent breast cancer. These cases indicate that women with a history of breast cancer in whom lytic bone lesions develop without evidence of extraskeletal metastases should have the diagnosis of multiple myeloma excluded.
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PMID:Multiple myeloma masquerading as metastatic breast cancer. 394 26

Anti-dinitrophenyl IgE secreting hybridoma B 53 cells may be rejected when injected subcutaneously in BALB/c mice. These mice are immune as they withstand without any ill effect the intraperitoneal injection of LD100 B 53 cells. Sera from mice which rejected the tumor have cytotoxic antibodies against the hybridoma, as shown by in vitro tests, but serum cannot transfer immunity to naive BALB/c mice against hybridoma B 53. Spleen cells from mice which have rejected the tumor might transfer immunity against B 53 hybridoma, and with Winn tests it has been shown that these spleen cells are very effective against the B 53 cells and also against the myeloma cells which were used for the fusion to construct the B 53 hybridoma. Subcutaneously injected B 53 cells not only produce anti-DNP IgE secreting tumors, but often also metastasize to spleen, and they are sometimes detected in the circulating blood. Mice with splenic metastasis or with detectable circulating B 53 cells generally die. However, we did observe one mouse with splenic metastasis which successfully rejected the tumor and became immune to B 53 cells.
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PMID:Studies on immunity in hybridoma-bearing mice. B. Immunity against the hybridoma. I. Studies on the immune state of mice after rejection of the hybridoma. 396 44

The CT studies in 63 patients in which rib abnormality was identified or excluded were retrospectively analyzed. The CT features were detailed and correlated with other available radiographic findings as well as clinical data. Contiguous spread of tumor to rib or metastasis to rib characteristically showed subtle or complete segmental lytic rib destruction. An accompanying extrapleural soft tissue mass was frequently seen with metastatic disease and myeloma. In nine patients CT showed rib destruction that had been obscured on chest radiography by heart, diaphragm, mass, or pleural effusion. Other imaging studies prompted consideration of neoplasm in seven patients in whom CT clearly showed benign post-traumatic or developmental lesions. Six patients had a clinically suspected chest wall mass excluded, leading to the diagnosis of Tietze syndrome. The ribs should be carefully inspected on all CT studies of the thorax and upper abdomen. Computed tomography is helpful when other imaging techniques, such as rib films or isotopic bone scans, have not resolved the question of clinically or radiographically suspected rib abnormality.
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PMID:CT observation of rib abnormalities: spectrum of findings. 396 82


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