Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Techniques of production of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) have provided powerful tools to study biological lung cancer behavior. Immunochemistry is more sensitive than conventional light microscopy examination to detect tumour cells in sputum or pleural effusion, or small cell lung cancer metastases in bone marrow. Immunochemistry is also helpful for the differential diagnosis of carcinoma versus lymphoma or sarcoma, using antibodies directed against antigens such as cytokeratins, vimentin, EMA, LCA, SP100, CEA. In lung cancer, immunochemistry may detect neuroendocrine differentiation, or help to distinguish metastatic carcinoma from primary lung cancer. A positive immunostaining with CEA, Leu-M1, SP1, B72-3 supports the diagnosis of pleural metastatic adenocarcinoma versus mesothelioma. Immunoscintigraphy is a non invasive imaging technique which allows local and distant disease evaluation and could replace in the future the present staging work up. To evaluate the potential therapeutic efficacy of MoAbs in Lung cancer, phase I studies have been performed. Therapeutic effect is based on: 1) indirect cytotoxicity (cells are killed by ADCC or K cells) or direct cytotoxicity (MoAb are carriers of toxins, radioisotopes or drugs). 2) Immune response modulation by anti-idiotypic Ab. 3) Interferences with growth factors. Results of most of phase I trials are disappointing. Improvement of MoAb selectivity, improvement of conjugates stability, reduction of humoral response to MoAb, enhanced tumour localisation, and reduction of nonspecific captation should lead to a better efficacy.
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PMID:[Monoclonal antibodies and bronchial cancer]. 770 64

As pathologists, we are most concerned about overcalling reactive changes in the lung as carcinoma and the fact that malignant processes may be misinterpreted as benign processes in the lung is less well recognized. This review covers five such lesions. Well-differentiated adenocarcinomas, especially bronchioloalveolar carcinomas, are frequently undercalled, particularly in small biopsy and cytology specimens. In such cases, one must pay particular attention to the uniformity and monotony of the epithelium even though it may be extremely well differentiated. Spindle cell carcinomas may have necrosis and cavitation, interstitial growth, and a reactive fibroblastic reaction, and thus be mistaken as organizing inflammatory processes. Careful attention to the atypical cytological features, prominent vascular invasion, and getting immunohistochemical supports helps in recognizing them. Lymphoid lesions of the lung present a number of problems; small lymphocytic lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease are often misinterpreted as inflammatory processes. Intravascular lymphomatosis in the lung may be misinterpreted as an interstitial pneumonia if one does not appreciate the atypical lymphoid cells within the capillaries. The desmoplastic variant of sarcomatous mesothelioma may be extremely difficult to diagnose, because large portions of the tumors are composed of bland-appearing fibrous tissue. A case of desmoplastic mesothelioma presenting predominantly as a mediastinal mass is discussed, and problems in differential diagnosis are outlined. Angiosarcomas are rare tumors, but an appreciable percentage of them present as pulmonary metastases which may be interpreted as pulmonary hemorrhage or organizing infarction. The clinical and radiographic pattern, usually mimicking metastatic disease, and the fact that atypical spindle cells occlude small pulmonary arteries with surrounding alveolar hemorrhage are clues to the recognition of these lesions.
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PMID:Malignancies in the lung and pleura mimicking benign processes. 777 Jun 73

The authors report a series of cardio-pericardial metastases presenting acutely with tamponade. There were 14 men and 9 women with an average age of 39 years. The primary tumour was mainly bronchial in the men (5 cases: 20.8%) and breast (3 cases: 16.6%) or uterine (4 cases: 16.6%) in the women. The other malignancies were blood dyscrasias (5 NHL and 1 MHL) one pericardial mesothelioma, one Schwannoma, one Ewing's sarcoma and one carcinoma of the larynx. The primary tumour was not found in one case. Echocardiography showed a large, circumferential pericardial effusion in all cases and compressing the right heart chambers (RA and/or RV) in half the cases. Rounded echogenic masses implanted on the pericardial membranes (2 cases) or images of false membranes (10 cases) were also demonstrated. The clinical emergency led to pericardiocentesis with surgical drainage in 5 cases. A pleuro-pericardial window was fashioned in 4 cases. The effusion was important in all cases and bloody in 75% of cases. Cytology of the pericardial liquid was positive for malignant cells in 1 out of 2 cases. The diagnosis was made after death in 3 cases. The other biopsies, bronchial, lymph node, pleural and bone marrow also provided valuable diagnostic information. Undifferentiated carcinoma was found in 75% of bronchial carcinomas. In all three breast tumours, the histology showed moderately well differentiated adenocarcinoma. The authors underline the paucity of therapeutic measures: at this stage, pericardiocentesis is almost the only procedure apart from the cases of haemopathy. Some authors have suggested radiotherapy of the precordial region and others, intrapericardial chemotherapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Cardiac tamponade disclosing neoplasm: apropos of 23 cases]. 777 78

Metastases in pleural mesothelioma usually occur late in the disease process. Diffuse involvement of the lung parenchyma is rare. A patient with miliary pulmonary parenchymal involvement with malignant mesothelioma is described. To our knowledge, this represents the first such case reported.
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PMID:Miliary mesothelioma. 763 10

An autopsy case of malignant mesothelioma with asbestosis caused by asbestos exposure for 17 years is reported. Autopsy revealed that mesothelioma spread extensively in all serosal tissues including pleura, pericardium, diaphragm, peritoneum and tunica vaginalis testis. Histopathologically, most of the tumor showed an epithelial form, but sarcomatous and microcystic patterns were also observed. The tumor cells had abundant glycogen and hyaluronic acid and, immunohistochemically, they were positive for cytokeratin, vimentin and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). Long, slender microvilli were characteristically observed in these tumor cells. All of these data were compatible with malignant mesothelioma. Procollagen type I (procol.l) immunostaining was performed to reveal the mesenchymal character of mesothelioma. Both epithelial-type cells and sarcomatous-type cells showed positive staining for procol.l, although the latter showed stronger immunoreactivity. Immunostaining for procol.l was found to be one of the useful tools for distinguishing mesothelioma from adenocarcinoma. Using an extraction method for asbestos fibers, asbestos bodies were found in many tissues including lymph nodes, liver, small intestine, spleen, kidney, testis and pleura, in addition to lung parenchyma. Although multiple tumor metastases from an undetermined primary site is not ruled out, 'multifocal tumorigenesis' is suspected from the widespread deposit of asbestos fibers.
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PMID:An autopsy case of malignant mesothelioma associated with asbestosis. 783 80

Blood group antigen-related oligosaccharides have been implicated in growth regulation, cell mobility control and adhesion; we are therefore interested in the localization of receptors for these oligosaccharides in tumour cells. Labelled neoglycoconjugates that carry synthetic sugar structures are suitable tools to determine: whether such binding sites are present in human lung cancer; whether structural alterations of the glycoligand part will affect extent of binding; and whether cell type-associated alterations can be detected. Sections from 121 cases of lung cancer, representing small cell and non-small cell lung carcinoma, mesothelioma and metastases from extrapulmonary primary carcinomas were used to study the binding of nine synthetic AH- and Le-related oligosaccharides. Probes with fucose-alpha 1-3/4-N-acetylglucosamine-beta 1-R, an A-like disaccharide and 3'-sulfated galactose as ligand appear to bind less well to small cell than to non-small cell lung cancer cases, whereas Lec-disaccharide distinguishes mesothelioma from metastatic carcinoma. The latter ligand, A-like disaccharide and H (type III)-like trisaccharide exhibit evident cell type-associated differences in extent of binding. Thus, tailor-made neoglycoconjugates constitute a promising class of histopathological tools that warrants further study.
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PMID:Cell type-dependent alterations of binding of synthetic blood group antigen-related oligosaccharides in lung cancer. 787 30

Abdominal malignant mesothelioma was found in a 17-year-old, spayed female Japanese domestic cat with mast cell leukaemia. The mesothelioma was mainly located at the periphery of the pancreas, spleen and stomach, and showed metastases to the lung, an anterior mediastinal lymph node and lymph ducts in the tracheal mucosa. Micro-circulatory defects caused by the mast cell leukaemia may have been partly responsible for the distant metastases.
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PMID:Malignant mesothelioma with metastases and mast cell leukaemia in a cat. 788 62

Different types of peritoneal mesothelioma (PM) occur in children and adults. All these share certain histopathologic features but differ in other aspects, such as age of occurrence, site and sex predominance, etiology, and biologic behavior. The article describes four patients, two with cystic PM (one of whom had multiple recurrences) and two with malignant PM (one of whom had pleural metastases). These cases illustrate the variable behavior of this tumor in childhood and highlight the difficulties encountered in diagnosis and treatment. Three different groups of mesothelioma are recognized: a classic, asbestos-related, malignant mesothelioma of adults, typically occurring in the pleural cavity; a multicystic mesothelioma, predominantly affecting the pelvic peritoneum of young women and associated with a good prognosis; and mesotheliomas in children, which are not associated with asbestos exposure and have an unpredictable biologic behavior requiring individual treatment strategies. In the patients studied, DNA index measured by flow cytometry showed a difference between the cystic (aneuploid) and malignant (diploid) tumors. The proliferative rate (S phase) of the tumor was low in all four cases.
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PMID:Spectrum of peritoneal mesothelioma in childhood: clinical and histopathologic features, including DNA cytometry. 794 12

Malignant mesothelioma remains a frustrating clinical problem with uniformly poor responses to current therapeutic regimens. However, the localized nature of the disease, the potential accessibility of the tumor, and the relative lack of distant metastases make it a particularly attractive candidate for somatic gene therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of an adenoviral vector system to transfer genetic material to human mesothelioma cells in vitro and in vivo. Using a replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus carrying the Escherichia coli lacZ marker gene, we found that human mesothelioma cell lines were susceptible to adenovirus infection. Furthermore, surprisingly effective gene transfer was accomplished within tumor implants of human mesothelioma growing within the peritoneal cavity of immunodeficient mice after intraperitoneal administration of virus. These studies demonstrate that adenoviral vectors hold promise as vehicles to deliver gene therapy in human malignant mesothelioma.
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PMID:Successful adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in an in vivo model of human malignant mesothelioma. 801 Jul 76

Histological sections from 103 malignant mesotheliomas and 43 adenocarcinoma metastases in pleural biopsies were investigated for reactivity against a panel of 11 different antibodies. The size of the material allowed the evaluation by stepwise logistic regression analysis, which selected five parameters of major importance: vimentin reactivity in epithelial cells, reactivity to low-molecular-weight keratins in fibrous cells, strong membrane accentuation of EMA reactivity, and lack of reactivity to LeuM1 and BerEp4. Three of these criteria were sufficient to identify a mesothelioma with high specificity and with a sensitivity of approximately 70%. Whilst the monoclonal anti-CEA tested was the most valuable single parameter, it did not add any diagnostic information to the combination of criteria selected by the stepwise logistic regression analysis. However, this antibody can be used to exclude most of the adenocarcinomas from further analysis with the more extensive panel.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical reactivity in mesothelioma and adenocarcinoma: a stepwise logistic regression analysis. 801 2


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