Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A melanoma of the uterine cervix, 4 mm in diameter, considered primary, in a 44-year-old pluripara is described. She was subjected to hysterectomy coupled with adnexectomy and also to BCG immunotherapy. A year following the beginning of the therapy she is without any symptom of the disease. The rarity of the tumour in this localization is pointed out, and a short review is given of the cases reported in the literature, including those of benign melanosis and "blue nevus". The histogenesis and cytologic diagnosis are discussed, as well as therapeutic possibilities. Emphasis is laid on the varying biological behaviour of the tumour which prevents the assessment of the therapy with regard to the possibility of a very late development of metastases.
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PMID:[Primary malignant melanoma of the uterine cervix]. 55 19

Mucosal melanoma of the head and neck is a rare condition. This study presents a review of 26 patients with such tumors, followed up at a minimum of 5 years. The 5-year survival rate in this group was 38%. Recurrences with a fatal outcome, however, have been encountered up to 12 years after initial diagnosis. Primary radical surgery offers the best chance for local control. Nasal-cavity lesions seem to be associated with a better prognosis than oral-cavity tumors. Analysis of pathologic features by microstage measurement showed that the majority of tumors were of considerable thickness. This factor may partially explain the poor prognosis associated with mucosal melanomas in comparison to their cutaneous counterparts. Local recurrences and distant metastases were the principal causes of treatment failure. A persistent treatment policy, however, may still substantially prolong survival in such cases. Regional lymph-node metastasis did not pose a significant problem in the management of these tumors. Recognition of the nature and significance of the appearance of oral melanosis is stressed.
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PMID:Mucosal melanomas of the head and neck. 75 92

A patient with widely metastasized malignant melanoma assocaited with diffuse melanosis is presented. The widespread metastases in liver; skin and tonsilla are remarkable. The cutaneous melanosis in the form of the slate-blue colour caused by the increased dermal melanin deposits can arise in two different ways. One possibility is that melanin or precursors can be released from liver or other metastases and reach the dermis via the circulation. On the other hand a diffuse direct haematogenic single cell metastatic formation in the dermis with melanin formation and release can occur. In the case of the described patient the first etiopathology is dominating as it is shown by the light and electron microscopical results presented here.
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PMID:[Diffuse melanosis in malignant melanoma]. 91 15

A case of generalized melanosis complicating disseminated malignant melanoma in pregnancy is described. Four features of this case, unique in combination, are discussed. First, generalized melanosis is a rare complication in macrophages of skin and other areas. Secondly, extensive bone lesions in the absence of roentgenographic changes are an uncommon occurrence. Thirdly, pregnancy probably has little effect on the course of melanoma, as illustrated by this case and a review of the literature. Finally, placental metastases may be more common than generally thought, yet may have little significance to the fetus.
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PMID:Generalized melanosis complicating disseminated malignant melanoma in pregnancy: a case report. 112 95

Malignant melanomas may develop from naevoblasts by way of the junctional naevus; from melanoblasts by way of melanocytes or by way of melanosis circumscripta praeblastomatosa. It is reasonably certain that there is no direct malignant degeneration of a naevus-cell-naevus as a result of acute or chronic irritation, but most authors reject sample excision nevertheless. Malignant melanomas from naevoblasts are relatively insensitive to radiation and dangerous, whereas those developing from melanoblasts are relatively sensitive to radiation and grow slowly. Melanomas which have developed on an unchanged skin are critical because they metastasize fast and take a rapid course. 29% of 237 stage-I patients out of a total of 680 developed metastases during the first year following surgery and irradiation, and 14% after 2-9 years. Radical removal of lymph nodes results in congestion combined with oedema, and involves the risk of melanoma cells being carried into the perilymphatic tissue. Early irradiation of regions involving metastatic risk seems to be preferable over idssection of lymph nodes. Experience has shown that surgery preceded and followed by radiotherapy, and additional surgical or radiological treatment of regional lymph-nodes should be recommended at this time. Evidence concerning the effects of endolymphatic, cytostatic, and immunotherapy is as yet incomplete. The five-year survival rate in state I is said to be 71% following surgery, up to 80% following irradiation and subsequent surgery, up to 78% following surgery and subsequent radiotherapy, and up to 72% following radiotherapy alone. Survival rates are about 14% higher following surgery and electron irradiation.
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PMID:[Indications for and results of percutaneous radiotherapy of malignant melanoma]. 112 49

A case of neurocutaneous melanosis with malignant leptomeningeal melanoma was seen in a black man. The presence of extracranial metastases was noted, and evidence is presented favoring the central nervous system as the primary source.
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PMID:Neurocutaneous melanosis with malignant leptomeningeal melanoma. A case with metastases outside the nervous system. 118 Jul 28

We investigated 24 patients with melanotic tumours (under them 22 malignant melanoms). The tumour material (31 x by biopsy, 2 x by autopsy) was homogenized and stained with Ethidium bromide after pepsination. The distribution of the DNA content of the tumour cell nuclei was measured by impulse cytophotometry. The criterion for the curves was the height of the 4-c-peak in percentage of the diploid peak. Our material was divided in 3 groups: I. Without metastases. II. Metastases, slowly progressive. III. Metastases, rapidly progressive. Between the groups there were significant differences: the higher the 4-c-peak, the greater the malignancy. In the group III we mostly had tetraploid populations with the maximal peak at 4-c. The course of the disease (as seen by metastasis, effect of chemotherapy, growing in cell culture) runs parallel to the findings of impulse cytophotometry. In one case of melanosis praeblastomatosa circumscripta Dubreuilh we found a pure diploid cell population without peaks at 4-c. For prognosis (not for diagnosis) the impulse cytophotometric investigation of malignant melanoma is more suitable than the histology. In the discussion we expose the connections between proliferation and DNS distribution of cell nuclei in a tetraploid population. The terminology of cell cycle phases is extended to tetraploid populations with new terms (G', S'). In some cases we found stem lines. As shown by repeated impulse cytophotometric investigations a changing of stem lines in the DNA distribution curve is possible (change from hyperdiploid to tetraploid). The impulse cytophotometry is suitable for such investigations on melanomas.
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PMID:[Impulse cytophotometric investigations on melanoblastoma (author's transl)]. 120 Jul 81

Electron microscopic examination of malignant melanoma tumour tissue taken from a patient who has survived with the tumour without metastases for 13 years has shown spherical melanosomes with no internal fibrillar structure. This finding and other cell features described, suggest that this melanoma developed from Dubreuilh's melanosis rather than melanocytic change in a junctional naevus.
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PMID:Electron microscopy findings in malignant melanoma of nose. 123 44

HMB-45 is a monoclonal antibody recently described as being highly specific for melanocytic proliferations of the skin and in metastases of melanotic lesions. To determine a possible role for HMB-45 in ophthalmic pathology, 45 conjunctival lesions, including 23 melanomas, were analyzed using immunohistochemical techniques with anti-S-100 and HMB-45 as primary antibodies. Nineteen (82.6%) of the melanomas exhibited HMB-45 positivity, and 19 (82.6%) contained S-100 protein, with concordance of all but two cases. Seven cases of primary acquired melanosis were studied; one (33%) of three with atypia was HMB-45 positive, as were two (50%) of four without atypia. Among nevi, 1 (9.1%) of 11 showed faint staining with HMB-45. Fifteen conjunctival epithelial dysplasias were negative with HMB-45. At present, HMB-45 appears to offer no great advantage over S-100 protein in the analysis of conjunctival melanomas. Its role in the distinction of benign from atypical or malignant junctional melanocytic proliferations remains unclear.
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PMID:HMB-45 immunohistochemical staining of conjunctival melanocytic lesions. 171 Nov 86

Major syndromes in which cutaneous and extracutaneous nervous neoplasms are frequently associated include: 1) dysgenetic syndromes or phacomatoses (tuberous sclerosis and neurofibromatosis), 2) multiple schwannoma syndromes (schwannomatosis and Carney's complex), 3) multiple mucosal neuromas syndrome, 4) neurocutaneous pigmentary syndromes (Peutz-Jeghers-Touraine syndrome and neurocutaneous melanosis), and 5) sundry associations (cutaneous meningiomas and cutaneous metastases of neuroblastoma or carcinoid tumors). The early clinical and pathological recognition of these cutaneous neural and pigmentary associated lesions should stimulate the search for centrally located neural or neuroendocrine neoplasms, some of which might be life-threatening.
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PMID:Cutaneous neuropathology: neurofibromas, schwannomas and other neural neoplasms with cutaneous and extracutaneous expressions. 195 52


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