Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was done to define the relationship between age at the time of surgery and the prognosis after curative resection for patients with an early gastric cancer. Three hundred and eighty-two patients were identified and 25 patients died of tumour recurrence. Overall, the cumulative survival rate was 94.9% at 5 years and 92.4% at 10 years. Patients with a recurrence of the gastric cancer tended to be older, were more likely to have large differentiated type of tumour and lymph node metastases were often present. Stratified into age-classified groups, the survival rate decreased with increase of age (for patients under age 34 years, 35 to 44, 45 to 54, 55 to 64, 65 to 74, over age 75 years, the 5-year survival rates were 100.0, 97.7, 97.6, 94.2, 94.1 and 84.4 (%]. Of the 25 patients with a tumour recurrence and who died, the survival time of 18 patients over age 55 years was significantly shorter than that of seven patients under age 54 years (median, 1.7 vs 5.6 years, P less than 0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that, over and above the differentiated type of tumour (P less than 0.01) and the presence of lymph node metastases (P less than 0.01), age was one of the prognostic factors (P less than 0.05). We conclude that age at the time of primary surgery is a significant factor in patients with an early gastric cancer.
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PMID:Death due to recurrence following curative resection of early gastric cancer depends on age of the patient. 191 Nov 98

For classification of perigastric lymph node metastases in gastric cancer, only topographical aspects are taken into consideration at present. As a numerical classification for lymph node metastases was proposed recently, the current problem is that of determining the number of dissectable perigastric lymph nodes and also assessing the quality of nodal dissection. The perigastric lymph nodes of 10 adults without gastric disease were therefore evaluated microscopically by a serial section technique. On average a total of 36.2 +/- 15.2 perigastric lymph nodes were found, e.g. 14.9 +/- 14.1 lymph nodes on the greater and 7.4 +/- 4.8 on the lesser curvature. These figures are similar to those in fetuses and newborn infants, but they exceed the numbers of perigastric lymph nodes reported in the literature for adults with or without gastric cancer. This difference could be attributable to our use of the serial section technique, because the so-called "micro-lymph nodes" with a diameter of less than 1.5 mm are consequently included in this study. Our results support the assumption, that pathologic processes do not result in any real increase of regional lymph nodes, but in an activation and enlargement of fetal lymph node reserve.
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PMID:Number and size of perigastric lymph nodes in human adults without gastric cancer. 192 12

Structural alterations of the p53 gene were investigated in tissue specimens of gastric and cervical cancers and in cell lines of gastric, esophageal, and cervical cancers, by polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Two of the four gastric cancer metastases and four of the eight cell lines originally established from gastric cancer metastases were found to have p53 gene alterations in the exon 5 to 11 region; point mutations and amino acid replacements were detected in a liver and an ovary metastasis at exon 7, in the TMK1 and MKN1 cell lines at exon 5, and in the OKAJIMA cell line at exon 10. The normal allele was not found in these cell lines. In the KATO-III cell line, gross deletion and rearrangement of the p53 gene were noted. However, no p53 mutations were identified in 19 primary lesions of gastric cancer, suggesting that the p53 gene abnormality preferentially occurs in the advanced stages of gastric cancer. In contrast to the gastric cancer, none of the 13 esophageal cancer cell lines, including two cell lines established from metastases, and none of the four cervical cancer cell lines showed any aberration in exons 5 to 11 of the p53 gene. During the course of the study, a novel polymorphism in intron 7 of the p53 gene was found, which can be recognized by restriction enzyme digestions of the polymerase chain reaction product.
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PMID:p53 gene mutations in gastric cancer metastases and in gastric cancer cell lines derived from metastases. 193 50

A review of 14,296 unselected bone scans identified 889 scans showing absent or faint renal uptake. The majority of cases were associated with renal insufficiency (816/889; 91.8%), while widespread metastatic bone disease was the most common cause in a group of patients without renal disease (53/889; 6.0%). Of the 140 patients with prostate cancer, 108 (77.1%) had evidence of bone metastasis, 19 of whom (17.6%) revealed absent or faint renal uptake, demonstrating that poor renal uptake is more frequently associated with prostate cancer than with any other malignancy. Of note was that 162 out of 328 (49.4%) patients with stomach cancer at varying stages showed evidence of bone metastasis, and 14 of them (8.6%) showed poor renal images on bone scan. Interestingly, ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis were occasional causes of lack of renal activity (4 and 3 cases, respectively). A case of adult-form osteopetrosis, showing strikingly increased uptake mainly in the long bones with markedly diminished renal uptake, was also included in this study. Of the 53 bone scans with metastatic disease showing poor renal uptake, 44 (83.0%) revealed evidence of diffuse or multiple metastases in both spine and ribs, while 49 (92.5%) showed malignant involvement in three or more regions and 35 (66.0%) in four or more regions, suggesting widespread bone involvement in most cases.
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PMID:Absent or faint renal uptake on bone scan. Etiology and significance in metastatic bone disease. 193 4

A long-term survivor of advanced gastric cancer with multiple metastases to the liver treated by chemotherapy is described. Chemotherapy comprising a combination of uracil and tegafur with mitomycin C achieved a complete response in the patient which lasted for approximately four years. Four years after initiation of the chemotherapy, a unique form of cancer recurrence occurred on the skin, showing infiltrative erythema. Cancer metastases developed further despite more treatment, and the patient died of generalized metastasis four years six months after the initiation of chemotherapy. It is significant that, at autopsy, no cancer cells were revealed in the primary lesion or in the liver which had been present before the initial chemotherapy.
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PMID:A long-term survivor of metastatic gastric cancer treated by chemotherapy: case report. 194 59

We investigated the amplification and expression of oncogenes in human malignant tumors. The survival rates of patients with c-erbB, c-erbB-2, and int-2 oncogene amplification/expression were significantly lower than those of the patients without gene amplification/expression. Many distant organ metastases were observed in esophageal cancer patients with int-2 amplification, in gastric cancer patients with c-erbB-2 over-expression, and in breast cancer patients with int-2 and c-erbB-2 amplification. These results suggest that the amplification/expression of these oncogenes may serve as good markers for determining the biological malignancy of cancers.
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PMID:[Cancer metastasis and recurrence from the standpoint of amplification and expression of oncogenes in human malignant tumors]. 194 61

The effects of immunotherapy such as PSK, Bestatine and OK-432 (oral administration) in combination with various chemotherapy were reviewed in the patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer from the Japanese references. The immunotherapy might lead to better prognosis about 10% or more, however, if it is administered for such a selected patient who show a lower preoperative serum IAP value (580 micrograms/ml), higher total protein (6.5g/dl), better performance status (0, 1 or 2) and etc, the survival rate could be increased. The usefulness of immunotherapy was also noted in such a case which showed severe side effects of chemotherapy and bad performance status. Moreover, the pre- and post-operative immunotherapy was advisable for prevention of surgical stress and enhancement of tumor metastases.
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PMID:[Recent advance and its problem of postoperative immunotherapy on gastric cancer--with references to effects and host dependent factors]. 194 91

Twenty-four cases of resected remnant cancers following partial gastrectomy were retrospectively investigated for benign gastroduodenal disease. The time interval between the initial gastrectomy and the remnant gastrectomy was more than 10 years in 19 (79%) patients and less than 10 years in 5 (21%) patients. There were 2 cases with remnant cancer at stage I, 1 at stage II, 3 at stage III and 13 at stage IV for the all cases with a time interval of more than 10 years. Early-type remnant gastric cancer has a frequency of only 5%. The proportion of positive lymph node metastases was high, in 84%.
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PMID:Gastric cancer following gastrectomy for benign gastroduodenal disease. 196 Sep 60

One hundred and twenty-four specimens (72 primaries and 52 metastases) in 107 patients with gastric cancer were tested using the human tumor clonogenic assay (HTCA). Assays for 64 specimens (52%, 33 primaries and 31 metastases) were considered evaluable. The clonogenicity of the primaries was less than that of the metastases (P less than 0.01). In the primary specimens, well-differentiated tumors were more highly clonogenic than poorly differentiated or signet ring cell tumors (P less than 0.05). Viable malignant cells and clonogenic cells were abundant in the primary tumors with mucosal (m) and submucosal (sm) invasion, i.e., in early gastric cancers by Japanese criteria, and were reduced in numbers as the primary tumors advanced (P less than 0.05). In vitro chemosensitivity corresponded well to the clonogenicity of the primary tumors stratified by the degree of tumor invasion. At the early phase of primary tumor progression and metastasis, clonogenicity and chemosensitivity were high. Aggressive chemotherapy with sensitive drugs after surgery may improve the clinical results for the gastric cancer patients with early phase of metastases.
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PMID:Significance of surgical adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer. 201 Oct 33

So-called R2 or wider meticulous node dissection was performed in 1368 patients with resected gastric cancer invading beyond the submucosa but without distant metastases. Survival rates were similar in subsets of patients with or without microscopic node metastases and macroscopically normal lymph nodes. The extent of node metastases has previously been shown to be one of the two most important prognostic factors in gastric cancer without distant metastases, and its lack of impact in these patient groups was not explained by the imbalance of other prognostic factors. The findings indicate that micrometastases of gastric cancer are curable by a wide node dissection made in the absence of palpable abnormality. They also offer the possibility that an extensive node dissection may yield good stage-specific survival rates, in part because of upstaging of patients. The findings should influence the recording of node metastases for evaluation of stage-specific treatment results and for research purposes.
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PMID:Non-ominous micrometastases of gastric cancer. 202 55


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