Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The concentrations of urinary type plasminogen activator (u-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), and PAI-2 were measured in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent healthy mucosal tissues. Levels of u-PA, PAI-1 and PAI-2 were higher in cancer than in control tissues. PAI-1 levels were higher together with the progression of cancer however there were no differences in u-PA or PAI-2 levels. Tumors with higher PAI-1 and lower PAI-2 levels tend to metastasize to remote lymph nodes. When the numbers of involved lymph nodes were analyzed, tumors with the large number of metastatic lymph nodes showed higher PAI-1 and lower PAI-2 level. No difference was shown in u-PA levels among these groups. These tendencies were more significant in patients with progressed gastric cancer. These results suggest that tumor with higher PAI-2 levels tend to localize or have less tendency to metastasize to lymph nodes. On the other hand PAI-1 was generally higher in tumor with invasion into nearby tissue or with nodal metastasis.
 ...
PMID:Possible role of plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 in the prevention of the metastasis of gastric cancer tissues. 163 63

For ten years after resection of stomach cancer patients were routinely examined to detect early asymptomatic recurrence, 96 records were analyzed, 21 patients with recurrence of cancer were found--3 local recurrence and 18 distant metastases. There was no anastomosis recurrence, 20 of these patients had clinical symptoms. About 90 percent of all recurrences were found in the first two years. After diagnosis of recurrence the one-year-survival-rate was only eight percent. We believe that the regular follow-up following resection of stomach cancer is not an effective method of detections asymptomatic curable recurrence. For this reason we recommend intensifying individual care and decreasing endoscopic or radiological examinations.
 ...
PMID:[Follow-up in stomach carcinoma]. 164 29

CT and US findings of 7 cases of splenic metastases are described and the prevalence of splenic metastases at autopsy in 641 cases with malignant tumors were evaluated. Metastatic foci in spleen appeared mostly as poorly-defined low density masses on CT. Iodinated contrast material was administered in 2 cases, but no contrast enhancement was observed. US showed both hypoechoic and hyperechoic patterns. These appearances were nonspecific, but were similar to those of metastatic lesions in the liver which were often visible on CT associated with splenic metastases. At autopsy splenic metastases were found in 34 of 641 cases (5.3%). Gastric, colon, lung and ovarian cancers were most common primary tumors. However, the rate of splenic metastasis per tumor was highest in ovarian cancer (50.0%), followed by malignant melanoma (33.3%), colon cancer (16.2%) and gastric cancer (8.2%). Hepatoma which had the biggest number of autopsy cases in this series showed the lowest rate of splenic metastasis (0.8%).
 ...
PMID:[Radiological diagnosis of splenic metastasis and its prevalence at autopsy]. 165 70

A 59-year-old demented Japanese man who was proven to have high titer of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) was admitted to our hospital. Neurological examinations revealed moderate dementia with deterioration and loss of memory, and decreased deep tendon reflexes in all extremities. Sensory disturbances were not obvious. There were no significant changes in the usual laboratory findings including CSF, except for elevated serum AFP and CEA. Three months after admission, he died of gastric cancer and its metastases in liver and lymph nodes. Post-mortem examination in the central nervous system (CNS) revealed many senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles throughout the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. There was marked loss of neurons in the hippocampus. All the neuropathological findings in the CNS were consistent with those in Alzheimer disease. In the peripheral nervous system, necrotizing arteritis was found throughout the length of sciatic nerve. Large myelinated fibers seemed to be preferentially degenerated with proximo-distal gradient. Teased fiber preparation revealed de/remyelination and axonal degeneration more frequently at the distal portion. Immunohistologically, the serum IgG of this patient specifically reacted to the endothelial cells of all vessels in control organs, which strongly suggested the autoimmune mechanism for the necrotizing arteritis in this patient. The pathogenetic role of this antibody for necrotizing arteritis, found selectively in the peripheral nervous system, still remained unclear. However, paraneoplastic neuropathy due to necrotizing arteritis is a distinct entity in addition to common form of paraneoplastic subacute sensory neuropathy.
 ...
PMID:[A case of paraneoplastic neuropathy with necrotizing arteritis localized in the peripheral nervous system]. 165 26

Using a polyclonal antibody that is monospecific for the erbB-2 oncogene product, an immunohistochemical study of the expression of erbB-2 protein was performed in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 260 primary gastric cancers. erbB-2 protein expression in which the reaction was localized to the cell membranes was observed in 31 (11.9%) cancers. All nontumor cells and normal gastric epithelium were negative for membrane staining. There was not a significant association between erbB-2 staining and histological type or venous invasion. erbB-2 protein expression was associated with serosal invasion, lymph node metastasis, and lymphatic invasion. In addition, erbB-2 protein expression correlated with a high number of lymph node metastases. Furthermore, the risk of recurrence in lymph node was over 3 times higher in patients with erbB-2 protein-positive tumors than in those with erbB-2 protein-negative ones. When erbB-2 protein expression and the clinical parameters were entered simultaneously into the Cox regression model, erbB-2 protein expression emerged as an independent prognostic indicator. Patients with erbB-2 protein-positive tumors had 5-fold greater relative risk of death, as compared with those with erbB-2 protein-negative tumors. These results indicate that erbB-2 protein expression is an important independent prognostic indicator in gastric cancer. The high malignant potential of erbB-2 protein-positive tumors may be associated with the very high potential for lymph node metastasis.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of immunoreactivity for erbB-2 protein as a marker of poor short term prognosis in gastric cancer. 167 Sep 98

Mutations of c-Ha-ras at codon 12 were detected from 11 out of 27 fresh tissues and cell-lines of human gastric cancer patients using PCR-restriction analysis. Further statistical investigation showed that the presence of point mutations was related to the distal metastases and the survival time of gastric cancer patients after surgical operations.
 ...
PMID:Correlation of mutations of oncogene C-Ha-ras at codon 12 with metastasis and survival of gastric cancer patients. 167 96

We explored the state of the p53 gene in gastric cancer. Using one or more methods, we examined 15 specimens from primary carcinomas (14 tumors, one cell line), five cell lines derived from metastases, and seven paired samples of nonmalignant gastric mucosa. Sequence analyses of complementary DNA containing the entire p53 gene open reading frame demonstrated abnormalities in one of five samples from primary tumors and in all five samples from metastases. The single cell line derived from a primary carcinoma had no abnormality of the gene. The six abnormalities included four point mutations, one base-pair deletion resulting in a frame shift, and a 24 base-pair deletion caused by an intronic point mutation (as determined by sequence analysis of genomic DNA). Four of the six mutations mapped to regions highly conserved among species or involved in simian virus 40 T-antigen binding. Restriction fragment length polymorphism studies confirmed that chromosome 17p allelic deletions occur only in a minority of primary tumors, but that they may occur more frequently in metastases. Northern blotting and ribonuclease protection assays detected only a fraction of the p53 gene abnormalities detected by sequencing. Our findings indicate that mutations of the p53 gene are relatively rare in primary gastric tumors but appear to be relatively frequent in cell lines derived from metastatic lesions. Our results may help in understanding the molecular events associated with progression and metastasis in gastric carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Occurrence of p53 gene abnormalities in gastric carcinoma tumors and cell lines. 167 61

To see if there was an association between the number of lymph node metastases and the macroscopic findings of the tumour (such as size, location, and gross appearance), the nuclear DNA content was cytophotometrically analysed in biopsy specimens taken at preoperative endoscopy from 84 cases of gastric cancer. The DNA ploidy patterns were classified into type D, type A1, and type A2, according to the stem lines and the degree of scatter of the cells. Lymph nodes were positive in 2 of 20 (10%) in type D and 10 of 30 (33%) in type A1; these were both significantly lower than that in type A2 (24 of 34, 71%). Knowing the degree of nodes metastases or the microscopic lymphatic spread before the operation is almost impossible at present; the nuclear DNA content is closely associated with metastatic content of the nodes, so the cytophotometric determination of the DNA ploidy patterns from biopsy specimens may be useful in predicting the nodal state.
 ...
PMID:Preoperative prediction of nodal state in gastric cancer by nuclear DNA content. 167 81

CEA, GICA, TPA, Fibrinopeptide-A (FpA) and Gamma-GT serum levels were evaluated in 312 patients affected by gastric cancer, to assess their effectiveness in diagnosis, evaluation of disease extension and follow-up of gastric cancer. In 204 patients neoplasia was limited to the stomach, in 108 liver metastases, ascertained by ultrasonography and/or TAC, were present. CEA was increased in 224 cases (71.8%); mean values were significantly higher in metastatic patients than in metastasis-free group (p less than 0.001), but overlap of values between the two groups was observed in about one third of cases. GICA was increased in 268 patients (86%) and TPA in 306 (98%), without significant differences between metastatic and metastasis-free group. FpA was increased in all patients; when metastases were present it was significantly higher than in metastasis-free patients (p less than 0.001), with negligible overlap of values between the two groups. Gamma-GT was normal in 202 metastasis-free patients (99%) and increased in 105 patients with liver metastases (97%). On the basis of these data CEA does not seem to have striking diagnostic sensibility nor reliability in differentiating presence from absence of liver metastases in patients with gastric cancer. Combined assay of TPA, FpA and Gamma-GT seems to be the most reliable serological approach in diagnosis, staging and follow-up of gastric cancer.
 ...
PMID:[CEA, GICA, TPA, fibrinopeptide-A, gamma-GT and gastric cancer. A contribution to the rationalization of a combined assay]. 168 76

In an effort to identify factors in primary tumors that would predict liver metastases, we retrospectively reviewed 102 patients with gastric cancer, and their tissue blocks were restained. New staining methods for elastin and endothelium were used to identify intratumoral vessels. Blood vessel invasion, thus detected, was analyzed quantitatively, as well as qualitatively, according to the location of invasion, the size of the involved vessel, and the mode of invasion. The invasion was then compared with the presence of liver metastasis by the chi 2 test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the Student t test. Discrimination analysis of factors significantly correlated with liver metastasis was performed with linear discrimination function to identify a predictive model for liver metastasis. Significant differences in qualitative frequency of blood vessel invasion (p less than 0.01), the number of lymph node metastases (p less than 0.05), and the depth of tumor invasion (p less than 0.05) were found in those patients in whom liver metastasis developed, as compared with 5-year disease-free survivors. Quantitative analysis of blood vessel invasion revealed eight other factors correlated with liver metastasis; frequency of blood vessel invasion in the 0.01 to 0.1 mm and 0.1 to 1 mm diameter vessels, in the forms of complete, partial tumor thrombi, and vessel wall invasion, in the submucosa and the subserosa, and the number of anatomic stomach layers involved. Application of the discrimination coefficient to these factors allows prediction of liver metastasis with 81.8% sensitivity, 85.3% specificity, and 83.6% accuracy. Liver metastasis can be predicted from the qualitative and quantitative examination of blood vessel invasion within the primary tumor by the use of an elastic fiber stain.
 ...
PMID:Blood vessel invasion in gastric carcinoma. 168 80


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>