Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

CD44 is a transmembrane glycoprotein involved in cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions. As a cell surface molecule, CD44 may be shed or released into the circulation by proteolytic enzymatic mechanisms. Therefore, soluble CD44 can be found in cell culture supernatants as well as in plasma. In this study we evaluated the levels of soluble total CD44 (sCD44) in serum samples of patients with breast and colorectal carcinoma as well as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in order to correlate prognosis with sCD44 expression. Besides, we evaluated other clinical tumour markers routinely used, Cancer Antigen (CA) 15.3 and CA 19.9. We investigated 132 serological samples from breast cancer patients, 48 sera from colorectal tumours, 48 samples from stage IV non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and sera from 80 individuals without evidence of cancer or autoimmune disease. Breast cancer patients were divided into three groups: a) patients with no clinical evidence of positive nodules and no metastatic disease; b) patients with positive nodules; and c) patients with metastasis. sCD44 mean serum levels in these groups were 198+/-54 ng/ml, 221+/-78 ng/ml and 242+/-119 ng/ml, respectively, while the marker CA 15.3 values were 15.6+/-6.6 U/ml, 14.0+/-5.8 U/ml and 211.5+/-358.9 U/ml, respectively. sCD44 levels for colorectal tumour were 243+/-72 ng/ml, while CA 19.9 serum levels were 230+/-270 U/ml. Stage IV non-Hodgkin's lymphoma sCD44 levels were 398+/-160 ng/ml. sCD44, CA 15.3 and CA 19.9 values for healthy individuals without evidence of any cancer pathology were 223+/-58 ng/ml, 16.4+/-6.2 U/ml and 33+/-14 U/ml, respectively. From these results we conclude that sCD44 might be used as a reliable marker for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. However, sCD44 levels failed to correlate with prognosis, tumour burden or metastasis in breast and colorectal cancer patients. Neither was any correlation found between high CA 15.3 or CA 19.9 levels and soluble CD44 serum level.
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PMID:Evaluation of soluble CD44 in patients with breast and colorectal carcinomas and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 1042 14

The detection and clinical relevance of minimal disease in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin's disease (HD) is reviewed. Relevant aspects of the basic biology of these diseases are introduced, including the interactions of NHL with bone marrow stromal cells and the consequences of suppressed apoptosis and induced chemoresistance which might explain why minimal lymphoma in bone marrow is a surrogate predictor of a poor clinical outcome. In contrast, NHL cells isolated from stroma, for example mobilized into blood by cytokine, may be more susceptible to apoptosis and clinically less significant. The possible role of angiogenesis in facilitating early metastasis to the bone marrow is considered. Methods of detecting minimal NHL are reviewed and differences in predictive reliability of tumor detected by culture methods versus molecular techniques which identify clonal bcl-2 or antigen receptor rearrangements are discussed. The role of detection of HD by analysis of unique rearrangements of the immunoglobulin heavy and light chain genes is discussed as is the possibility that Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells can be detected molecularly as well as grown in culture from blood and apheresis harvests of patients. It appears that patients with cells resembling RS cells in their harvest do less well following high dose therapy and transplantation and additional studies of this topic are warranted. Future developments including quantitative monitoring of disease burden by real-time automated PCR and the application of genetic profiling to identify genetic markers specific to the tumor and which, potentially can predict prognosis is suggested. Also, the problems which may arise in attempts to monitor the impact of newer therapies such as anti-lymphoma antibodies and vaccines which may preferentially deplete tumor cells from blood and marrow are considered. The past 10 years has witnessed dramatic progress in the application of techniques to monitor minimal lymphoma. This technology has helped demonstrate the success of some new therapeutic approaches e.g. antibody and vaccine therapies, and served to emphasize the failure of others, for example, stem cell selection to purge lymphoma from patient harvests. Technologically, the field is not yet mature and further evolution may be expected.
Cancer Metastasis Rev 1999
PMID:Detection and relevance of minimal disease in lymphomas. 1050 51

This study was carried out to examine the cytomorphologic features of metastatic breast tumors and to assess the utility of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in diagnosing these tumors. The study group comprised five females and one male, all presenting with a breast mass. Their ages ranged between 35 and 65 years. FNAC of the breast mass was done in all cases. Three of the cases were previously diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (MCA) of the ovary, and melanoma. Three cases presented initially with a breast mass. These included melanoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and plasmacytoma. The diagnosis of NHL was confirmed on histology. The patient with plasmacytoma presented primarily with a breast lump but subsequently developed multiple myeloma, and in one case of melanoma the primary tumor was detected after breast metastases. Preoperative FNAC of extramammary tumors metastatic to the breast is invaluable because the management of the patient differs entirely from that of a primary neoplasm. An accurate diagnosis can be made with the help of clinical and radiological correlation. If available, a perusal of previous history and biopsy material may prove useful.
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PMID:Aspiration cytology of extramammary tumors metastatic to the breast. 1052 77

This is the fifth of a six-part series on metastatic spread and natural history of 18 common tumors. Part 1 summarized symptom/problem anticipation, cancer metastasis, and the 18 tumors that each cause more than 6000 deaths/year in the United States. Bladder and brain cancer were discussed, with information given on tumor types, metastatic spread and invasion, and common symptoms. Parts two, three, and four charted the natural histories, problems, and assessment parameters of advanced cancers of the breast, colon and rectum, esophagus, kidney, liver, and lung; and leukemia, melanoma, and multiple myeloma. Part five provides corresponding information on non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and cancers of the oral cavity (and pharynx) and ovary. Each of these cancers is presented separately, with information given on mortality rates, the most common tumor types, sites of metastases, common problems, and common oncologic emergencies. Sites of spread, resulting problems (including site-specific symptoms), and assessment parameters are presented as tables. Material is presented so that clinicians will be able to anticipate the spread of these cancers and can thus identify problems early in their development so that the problems are more easily managed.
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PMID:Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, oral cavity and pharynx, and ovary. 1066 Oct 69

We report a 71-year-old female patient with repeated vomitus, meteorism, epigastric pain and reflux for more than four month. She had a palpable mass in the upper abdomen and lost 7 kg of weight during the last four months. Chest X-ray showed two masses, 2 cm and 3 cm in diameter, in the left and right lower lung. A stenosing polypoid mucosal swelling in the antrum and the duodenal bulb. The pulmonal masses were biopsied under CT-guidance. Biopsy proved a high malignant B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the stomach. The masses in the lung were identified as metastases of the gastrointestinal lymphoma. In conclusion on this tumor was an extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma stadium BE IV according to Musshoff. A CHOP-chemotherapy was initiated. Restaging after three cycles of CHOP revealed a complete remission. Primary gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are relatively rare neoplasms of the abdomen. Unusual and interesting in this case ist the metastatic pattern involving the lung periphery without local lymph node metastases.
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PMID:[Pulmonary metastasis of extranodal high malignancy B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the bulbus duodeni and pylorus of the stomach]. 1072 Nov 74

Galectin-3, a member of the beta-galactoside-binding animal lectins, has been implicated in tumor invasion and metastasis. Using an immunoligand assay, we assessed the circulating levels of galectin-3 in sera from cancer patients as well as from healthy controls. Low serum levels of galectin-3 were detected in healthy individuals (median, 62 ng/ml; range, 20-313 ng/ml; 95th percentile, 184.3 ng/ml). Compared with healthy individuals, galectin-3 serum levels in patients with breast, gastrointestinal, lung, or ovarian cancer, melanoma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were significantly elevated (P = 0.014). Moreover, galectin-3 concentrations in sera from patients with metastatic disease were higher than in sera from patients with localized tumors. Maximum serum concentrations of galectin-3 (median, 320 ng/ml; range, 20-950 ng/ml) were found in patients with metastatic gastrointestinal carcinoma. These results suggest that circulating galectin-3 may play a role in tumor progression. The possibility of using this assay in early-stage cancer to predict metastasis should be studied.
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PMID:Concentrations of galectin-3 in the sera of normal controls and cancer patients. 1077 68

This is the last article in a six-part series on metastatic spread and natural history of the 18 most lethal tumors. The articles summarize symptom/problem anticipation, cancer metastasis, and the 18 tumors that each cause more than 6000 deaths/year in the United States. Bladder and brain cancer were discussed, with information given on tumor types, metastatic spread and invasion, and common symptoms. Parts II, III, IV, and V charted the natural histories, problems, and assessment parameters of advanced cancers of the breast, colon and rectum, esophagus, kidney, liver, and lung; and leukemia, melanoma, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and cancers of the oral cavity (and pharynx) and ovary. Part VI finishes the series with discussions of cancers of the pancreas, prostate, stomach, and uterus. Each of these cancers is presented separately, with information given on mortality rates, the most common tumor types, sites of metastases, common problems, and common oncology emergencies. Sites of spread, resulting problems (including site-specific symptoms), and assessment parameters are presented as tables. Material is presented so that clinicians are able to anticipate the spread of these cancers and can thus identify problems early in their development so that the problems are more easily managed.
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PMID:Metastatic spread and common symptoms. Part six: Advanced cancer of the pancreas, prostate, stomach, and uterus. 1114 71

Among non-neoplastic lesions of the central nervous system, demyelinating pseudotumors of the group of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) most frequently occasion neurosurgical intervention for purposes of definitive diagnosis and thus enter the domain of the surgical pathologist. Typically, ADEM presents with multifocal, bilateral lesions in an asymmetrical distribution. Especially monolocular manifestations may be diagnostically challenging. Due to the acuteness of clinical symptoms and the expansive, space-occupying character of the lesions a diffuse glioma, a metastatic disease, a primary cerebral Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, brain abscess, a parasitosis or an ischemic brain tissue necrosis may be suspected. This impression is supported by uptake of contrast-medium most pronounced at the periphery of the lesion and the subcortical location. The histomorphologic feature of relative axonal preservation in areas with acute myelin breakdown and lymphocytic infiltrates make the diagnosis of an acute primary demyelinating disease probable. A diagnosis of glioma may be prompted by the florid, cytologically atypical astrogliosis especially in intraoperative request. Based on a series of 14 cases of radiologically and bioptically documented cases of ADEM typical examples will be demonstrated and discussed.
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PMID:[Neuropathological and neuroradiological aspects of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)]. 1114 18

Mucin1 (MUCI) is a class of high molecular weight glycoproteins found in the cell membranes of human epithelial cells. Epithelial glycoprotein 40 (EGP40) is a homophilic cell-cell adhesion molecule and expressed on the surface of most simple epithelial cells and the majority of carcinomas. We analyzed the expression of MUC1 and EGP40 in human bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunocytochemistry (ICC). Eight BM and 95 PB samples from healthy donors, 39 BM and 17 PB samples from patients with haematological malignancies and 45 BM samples from patients with breast cancer were analyzed. MUC1 mRNA and EGP40 mRNA and protein were detected in BM samples and PB samples from healthy donors and from patients with multiple myeloma (MM), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML). The positive cells showed erythroblast-like and plasmacell-like morphology by immunocytochemistry. The MUC1 and EGP40 nested PCR were positive in 83.3% (10/12) and in 100% (33/33) respectively of BM from patiens with breast cancer who had no evidence of distant metastases. It is concluded that MUC1 and EGP40 is expressed in haematopoietic tissues and haematological malignancies. Therefore, MUC1 and EGP40 expression as a marker for detection of breast cancer cells and micrometastatic epithelial cells in BM and PB is not specific using RT-PCR technique and immunocytochemistry.
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PMID:Evaluation of MUC1 and EGP40 in bone marrow and peripheral blood as a marker for occult breast cancer. 1120 3

We present a white male patient with an initial prostate-specific antigen level of 69 ng/ml, referred for urological evaluation. He was found to be free of prostatitis but diagnosed for prostate adenocarcinoma without any indications of metastatic disease. Lymphadenectomy then revealed lymphadenopathy of low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Five-year follow-up after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) showed no evidence of metastatic or local prostate cancer recurrence. In addition, no radiation or chemotherapy was required for his lymphoma. Although RRP is a viable option in this unique case, the outcome thus far suggests that it should be considered a primary therapeutic modality.
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PMID:Five-year prognosis after radical prostatectomy in a patient with localized prostate cancer and incidental non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 1122 53


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