Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cytological, immunohistological and electron microscopical observation of 21 percutaneous fine needle punctures of retroperitoneal, pelvic and abdominal lymph nodes after borderline lymphography and computer tomography and 6 punctures of tumours after tomography allowed classification of primary metastases from the small pelvis in 14 patients and characterized tumours in 4 patients, which could not be demarcated by sonography. We distinguished yolk sarcoma metastasis, prostate gland cancer metastasis, three cases of nodular metastases of seminoma cells, and two metastases of melanoma. Malignant cells of Hodgkin's lymphogranuloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were distinguished in seven samples of fine needle puncture. We found malignant cells of adenocarcinoma, T-immunoblastoma, pancreas carcinoma and histiocytosis X in four punctures of tumours. Fine needle puncture processed for electron microscopy with buffered fixation and harvested into Lowicryl K4M resin through centrifugation makes it possible to detect even the minimum of cells present, preserves the structure of cells and enables to correlate cytological findings in semithick sections with correspond ultrastructure in followed series of semithin sections.
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PMID:Malignant cells revealed in fine needle punctures of lymph nodes and tumours by electronmicroscopical methods. 890 20

LL1, a monoclonal antibody (MAb) to HLA Class-II-like antigen (li determinant) on the surface of B-lymphocytes, monocytes and histiocytes, was evaluated as an agent for bone marrow imaging. Six patients with diverse diseases (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, n = 2; multiple myeloma, n = 1; polycythaemia vera, n = 1; lung cancer, n = 1; breast cancer, n = 1) were given low protein doses (< 1 mg) of 99Tcm (30 mCi) labelled Fab' of LL1. 99Tcm-sulphur colloid (SC) imaging was performed in three patients for comparison. Both planar and single photon emission tomographic images were acquired using Sopha gamma cameras. As early as 2 h post-MAb injection, excellent bone marrow images were achieved in all patients, demonstrating both normal or hyperproliferative marrow, as well as 'cold' bone marrow abnormalities such as radiation defects or cancer metastases. Similar to SC, relatively high uptake of LL1 was found in the liver and spleen. However, the bone marrow-to-liver and -spleen uptake ratios were approximately 19-fold higher (0.75 vs 0.04) and 6-fold higher (1.23 vs 0.22), respectively, with LL1 than with SC. The higher bone marrow uptake allowed clearly superior visualization of the thoracic spine when compared to SC. The mean T1/2 of blood and whole-body clearance were 0.4 and 66 h, respectively. The highest radiation absorbed doses (in cGy mCi-1) were observed in the spleen (0.47 +/- 0.24), kidneys (0.25 +/- 0.09) and liver (0.14 +/- 0.04). The bone marrow dose was only 0.05 +/- 0.02 cGy mCi-1. These results indicate that bone marrow imaging with 99Tcm-LL1 is feasible, and that LL1 may be a suitable alternative to SC because of better visualization of the lower thoracic spine. Potential applications include the improved detection of bone marrow metastases of solid tumours and the assessment of haematological disorders.
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PMID:99Tcm-LL1: a potential new bone marrow imaging agent. 907 70

Thyroid cancer is rare in childhood and consists of several different histopathologic groups with widely varying clinical behavior. Major categories include differentiated, medullary, and anaplastic thyroid cancer. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and various sarcomas also can arise in the thyroid. This article discusses differentiated and medullary thyroid cancer in childhood and adolescence. Differentiated thyroid carcinoma is divided into three subtypes: papillary, papillary with follicular elements, and follicular. Medullary tumors may occur in isolation but more frequently are associated with one of the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes (MEN). A paradoxical observation concerning patients with differentiated thyroid cancer is that 70% to 80% present with regional lymph node involvement, and more than 20% have distant metastases at diagnosis. However, survival rates in series with median follow-ups of 10 to 20 years have been 90% to 100%. These data have implications for the surgical management of pediatric patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. The cellular and genetic factors that underlie this paradoxical behavior are not understood. Management of children with medullary thyroid cancer was revolutionized by the identification of specific mutations in the ret oncogene that predict for multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes. This has allowed sensitive and specific diagnosis based on analysis of the patient's white blood cells. Because this leads to earlier diagnosis, total thyroidectomy can be performed at a much earlier age than if the increase in serum calcitonin was used to identify C-cell hyperplasia or early carcinoma. At present, genetic testing should be performed at birth in children suspected of having the MEN IIb syndrome and no later than 1 year of age for those with possible MEN IIa. If specific ret gene mutations are noted, total thyroidectomy is recommended as soon as the diagnosis is established. For MEN IIa patients, thyroidectomy probably should be performed before 5 years of age, whereas patients with MEN IIb may require surgery during the first 6 months to 1 year of life.
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PMID:Differentiated and medullary thyroid cancer in childhood and adolescence. 911 74

To arrive at a reasonable estimate of the total need for radiotherapy, the various descriptions of population trends and measures of cancer trends must be studied concurrently. Incidence and mortality are well documented by official statistics. All prognoses are based on these measures, the official population statistics, and the 1989 population prognosis from Statistics Sweden. Incidence, mortality, and prevalence may be considered either individually or together as indirect measures of the need for radiotherapy at different stages for different types of cancer. Incidence, ie, the number of cases of disease onset during a given period, shows the indirect need for curative radiotherapy, eg, for breast cancer, laryngeal cancer, gynecological tumor types, and head and neck cancer. The projected average annual mean increase in total incidence is 1.0%. Mortality may be used as an indirect measure of the need for palliative treatment for recurring cancer, eg, for bone metastases, prostate cancer, lung cancer, or breast cancer. The mean increase is estimated at 0.9% per year. Likewise, prevalence can be an indirect measure of the need for palliative treatment for cancer diseases of a chronic nature, eg, prostate cancer and multiple myeloma. The total mean increase per year has been estimated at 2.0%. The total need for radiotherapy in the future should be viewed against the background of all these descriptive measures. Assessment must also consider numerous other factors that directly influence need. A change in the indications for treatment can quickly increase the need for radiotherapy, eg, the benefits of radiotherapy for noninvasive breast cancer are currently being studied. Even a change in the indications for surgical intervention for small tumors in the breast influence the need for primary curative radiotherapy in this large group of patients. Likewise, a shift in staging the primary diagnosis, eg, in head and neck cancer, and changes in fractionation (hyperfractionation) may substantially influence need. This is addressed further in another section of the report. The largest single group of cancer patients who receive radiotherapy are those with bone metastases (25% of the total). The size of this group, and thereby the potential unsatisfied need, is largely unknown since no statistics show the prevalence of metastases in the population. This group is comprised mainly of patients that were primarily diagnosed with prostate cancer, breast cancer, and lung cancer. Concerning lung cancer, incidence trends probably provide the best measure of changes in the number of bone metastases over time. The annual increase in incidence has been estimated at 1.5%. As for breast cancer and prostate cancer, mortality trends provide more information about trends in the number of bone metastases. Both types of cancer increased by 1.9% per year. Chapter 6 presents the types of cancer for which radiotherapy is usually given. The projected trends show that each of these cancer diagnoses, except lung cancer in men and cervical cancer in women, are expected to increase in number until the year 2010. Prevalence is expected to increase even more, particularly cancer in the rectum, breast, and prostate. Also, the number of cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is expected to nearly double by 2010.
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PMID:Cancer trends in Sweden until 2010. 915 84

We reported a 75-year-old woman with malignant lymphoma who had a metastasis to the right lateral rectus muscle. She was well until two months earlier, when a tumor in the left thigh began to enlarge. Ten days before admission, she noticed medial deviation of the right eyeball. Neurological examination showed the right esotropia with isolated paralysis of the right lateral gaze. She denied double vision. MR imaging demonstrated a swelling of the right lateral rectus muscle. Gallium scanning revealed abnormal accumulation in the right orbit and the left thigh. The tumor in the left thigh was histologically diagnosed as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, diffuse large cell type. Discrete extraocular muscle metastasis is rare and unreported for malignant lymphoma. Reported cases of breast and thyroid cancers metastatic to the extraocular muscles did not develop diplopia similar to our case. The rapid growth of metastases to the extraocular muscles produces a large visual axes deviation, therefore no diplopia may be elicited.
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PMID:[A case of malignant lymphoma with a metastasis to the lateral rectus muscle]. 936 84

Little is known about the coincidence of hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, although there is an increased incidence of chronic HCV infection with cryoglobulinemia type II and, interestingly, low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in a few patients. We therefore report on a 74-year-old white male with known chronic hepatitis C virus infection who was admitted to the clinic due to weight loss and pain in the right upper quadrant. Ultrasound examination was performed for suspected hepatocellular carcinoma since a lesion in the left lobe of the liver was seen. X-ray of the lungs showed a few scattered lesions, suggestive of metastases. The ultrasound-guided fine-needle puncture revealed a high-grade malignant B-cell NHL While alpha-fetoprotein was normal, both cryoglobulin type II and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HCV were positive. After six cycles of chemotherapy consisting of CHOP, the patient showed complete remission over three years. Ultimately, he died due to a sudden myeloic blast crisis. In summary, we discuss the possible etiopathologic role of the hepatitis viruses in the occurrence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. As we and others showed that HCV infects peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBML), the infected PBML not only may be a source for reinfection after orthotopic liver transplantation, but also could be the cause for transformation and monoclonal propagation of lymphomatous tissue.
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PMID:Primary hepatic high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic hepatitis C infection. 939 1

Neoplasms of the small bowel are rare lesions that account for less than 5% of all gastrointestinal tumors. Although the differential diagnosis for a small bowel tumor is extensive, various small bowel neoplasms have characteristic features at computed tomography (CT) that may aid in making a diagnosis. Small bowel adenocarcinoma may appear at CT as an annular lesion, a discrete nodular mass, or an ulcerative lesion. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma may appear as a segmental bulky mass that gradually merges into the normal bowel wall. Lymphoma is characteristically associated with marked luminal dilatation. Carcinoid tumor may appear as an ill-defined homogeneous mass that displaces bowel loops. Calcification and desmoplastic reaction in a mesenteric mass suggest the diagnosis of carcinoid tumor. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), both benign and malignant, may be submucosal, subserosal, or intraluminal. The CT appearance of a GIST may include a sharply defined mass with homogeneous attenuation, sometimes with calcification. Lipoma appears at CT as a well-circumscribed, intraluminal homogeneous mass with fat attenuation. Most malignant small bowel tumors are actually metastases that have spread intraperitoneally, hematogenously, or by local extension. Intraperitoneal seeding usually manifests at CT as multiple small nodular metastases along the small bowel serosa, mesentery, and omentum. In patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, nonneoplastic lesions may mimic small bowel neoplasms.
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PMID:CT evaluation of small bowel neoplasms: spectrum of disease. 953 85

Variants of the CD44 cell-surface adhesion molecule include additional sequences encoded by combinations of exons from the membrane proximal domain (exons 6-14). Preliminary studies suggest that these additional variable membrane proximal sequences may alter the ligand specificity, glycosylation, and biologic function of CD44. In earlier studies, we found that primary extranodal and widely disseminated aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) and normal activated B cells expressed a directly spliced exon 10-containing variant (CD44ex10), whereas normal resting B cells expressed larger exon 10-containing variants (CD44ex10-14 and CD44ex7-14). To obtain additional information regarding the function of exon 10-containing CD44 variants in aggressive NHL, we generated aggressive NHL transfectants that expressed CD44ex10, CD44ex10-14, CD44ex7-14, the standard CD44 isoform (CD44H), or vector alone, and evaluated the local tumorogenicity, aggregation, and metastatic potential of these transfectants. CD44ex10 aggressive NHL transfectants were more likely to cause local tumor formation in nude mice than transfectants expressing the larger exon 10-containing variants, CD44H, or vector alone. In addition, cell suspensions derived from CD44ex10 local tumors exhibited far greater homotypic aggregation than those obtained from other CD44 or vector-only local tumors. In nude mice that received CD44ex10 transfectants, distant metastases were also significantly more likely to develop than in animals that were given either the CD44ex10-14, CD44ex7-14, CD44H, or vector-only transfectants. These data provide the first evidence that the directly spliced exon 10-containing CD44 variant (CD44ex10) has a unique biologic function in aggressive NHL.
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PMID:A directly spliced exon 10-containing CD44 variant promotes the metastasis and homotypic aggregation of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 959 77

We report here on treatment results of consecutive CCLSG NHL studies (NHL855, 1985-1989; NHL890, 1989-1996). The NHL855 protocol consisted of an induction phase of five drugs (VCR, PRD, CPM, DXR, and high-dose MTX) and a maintenance phase of 7 drugs. The probabilities of EFS at 7 years were 78% (SE, 10%) for the patients with localized disease, and 38% (SE, 7%) for those with advanced disease. In the NHL 890 protocol, the patients were assigned to two different treatment groups according to their histology and received different consolidation therapy; non-lymphoblastic subtype was treated almost identically to NHL855 while LASP and VP-16 were newly added for the lymphoblastic subtype. The 7-year EFS improved to 91% (SE, 6%) for localized disease, and 61% (SE, 6%) for advanced disease. A remarkable improvement was particularly evident for lymphoblastic type with mediastinal mass. Optional trial of high-dose sequential chemotherapy and peripheral blood progenitor cell auto grafting resulted in an unfavorable outcome. The 7-year EFS according to main histological subgroups were as follows: 84% (10%) for large cell type, 67% (11%) for Burkitt's-type, 58% (10%) for lymphoblastic type. Secondary cancer occurred in two of the 163 patients studied. Both patients were AML (M0/M4) and MLL rearrangement was detected in the M4 case.
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PMID:[Treatment of children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with CCLSG NHL 855/890 protocols long-term outcome and incidence of secondary malignancies]. 959 95

Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the liver is an extremely rare lymphoma subset that often presents with diagnostic difficulties to both clinicians and pathologists. Using MEDLINE search, 90 cases of primary hepatic lymphomas reported in the literature were reviewed. The epidemiology and etiology, clinical presentation, pathologic features, management, and outcome of these patients have been summarized and described. Results of this review show that middle-aged males are most often affected. Abdominal pain or discomfort, weight loss and fever are the most frequent presenting symptoms. Most cases have a solitary or multiple mass lesions in the liver, and are frequently misdiagnosed as having a primary liver tumor or metastatic cancer. Diffuse large cell lymphoma is the most commonly encountered histologic subtype. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been used alone or in combination as treatment but the outcome is generally poor. Although primary hepatic lymphoma is an aggressive disease, it is resectable, and responsive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Because of the profound therapeutic implications, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with mass lesions in the liver or hepatic disease.
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PMID:Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the liver. 968 27


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