Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A series of 115 patients with malignant tumours of the nasopharynx were primarily irradiated. All the cases of carcinoma were TNM classified in retrospect. 60Co irradiation appeared to afford a somewhat better prognosis than conventional irradiation previously used. The 5-year crude survival rate for the patients with lymphoma and with carcinoma was 40.0 per cent and 23.8 per cent respectively. A distinctly better prognosis was found for women than for men and the prognosis was independent of whether or not lymph node metastases were present. There seems to be no indication for maintaining lympho-epithelial carcinoma as a special group of tumour. Surgical procedures are rarely indicated in the treatment of malignant nasopharyngeal tumours.
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PMID:Malignant tumours of the nasopharynx. 116 87

A 76-year-old man with spontaneous rupture of a hemangiosarcoma of the spleen, together with a review of 49 previously reported patients with splenic hemangiosarcoma are presented. Twenty-three were women and 27 were men. All but 3 were adults. Fiften were 50-59 years of age. The symptomatology was nonspecific. Three patients developed microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. Spontaneous rupture occurred in 17 cases (34%). Metastases occurred in 42 cases; they were primarily hematogenous and most often in the liver. Lymph node involvement, however, was present in 13 cases. The prognosis of untreated splenic hemangiosarcoma is poor. Three of 25 patients survived a year or more after the initial onset of symptoms. Splenectomy before rupture is advisable, since 5 of 19 patients survived at least 1-5 years. It is suggested that hemangiosarcoma be considered in patients with: 1) splenomegaly without evidence of malignant lymphoma or leukemia, 2) splenomegaly with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and 3) unexplained intraperitoneal hemorrhage.
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PMID:Hemangiosarcoma of spleen with spontaneous rupture. 116 82

Cell-surface localizing heterologous antibodies against mouse EL4 lymphoma, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, and several human malignant tumors could be bound to varying amounts of 131I without interfering with the reactivity of these antibodies with their respective tumor cells. Exposure of the mouse tumor cells to radio-iodinated antitumor antibodies in vitro, or the injection of radio-iodinated antitumor antibodies into mice preinoculated with tumor cells resulted in either partial or complete tumor inhibition depending upon the amount of 131I activity carried by the antibodies. Injection of comparable amounts of the immunoglobulin alone or of 131I bound to normal globulin did not cause any tumor inhibition. Intraperitoneally injected radio-iodinated anti-EL4 antibody was found to localize preferentially in the subcutaneous transplants of EL4 lymphoma. Similar localization of intravenously injected radio-iodinated antibodies was observed in the metastases of two cancer patients.
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PMID:Antibody as carrier of 131I in cancer diagnosis and treatment. 124 85

The lability of cell surface histocompatibility antigens of 2 murine lymphomata was examined. These 2 tumours differ greatly in their capacity to metastasize in syngeneic hosts. Cells of the metastatic lymphoma released histocompatibility antigens in vivo and in vitro at a greater rate than cells of the non-metastasizing lymphoma. Antigen/antibody complexes formed by the addition of allo-antiserum to intact cells disappeared more rapidly from the surface of cells of the metastatic line. We propose that the instability of surface antigens may be an integral feature of malignant cells and that there may be a quantitative relationship between the lability of membrane components and the capacity of the tumour to metastasize.
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PMID:Spontaneous shedding and antibody induced modulation of histocompatibility antigens on murine lymphomata: Correlation with metastic capacity. 125 30

The carcinogenic effect of several dose levels and regimens of an aqueous solution of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) administered intrarectally to mice and rats is reported. In Ha/ICR Swiss mice, a single dose of 1.8 mg MNU induces mainly lymphomas and pulmonary tumors in less than 20 weeks. Repeated doses of 1.5 mg MNU induces lymphomas, pulmonary tumors, and also large bowel tumors in less than 20 weeks. Doses of 0.3 mg decreased the yield of lymphomas and increased large bowel neoplasms over a period of 40 to 60 weeks. Repeated doses of 0.06 mg also gave a low yield of lymphomas and large bowel tumors over a 60-week period. Thus, a maximal yield of lymphomas is seen with a brief regimen of high doses, whereas large bowel tumors occur with a more frequent lower dose rate. Male Fischer strain rats given 1.0 or 2.5 mg MNU 3 times a week for 10 weeks had a multiplicity of large bowel tumors, proportional to dose, in 25 to 30 weeks. In fact, the high dose level led to a 100% yield in less than 20 weeks. Lymphomas were seen only at the higher dose when the animals were were young, at the beginning of the test. In mice and rats the carcinomas were polypoid or plaque shaped and were well differentiated with extensive invasion but no metastases. The adenomas were pedunculated or sessile. Intrarectal administration of a mixture of methylurea and nitrite for 20 weeks and further observation of the rats for an additional 35 weeks yielded no colon tumors. Thus, there is indirect evidence of a lack of the in situ formation of carcinogenic MNU in the large bowel under physiological conditions.
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PMID:Large bowel carcinogenesis in mice and rats by several intrarectal doses of methylnitrosourea and negative effect of nitrite plus methylurea. 126 Jul 48

The route and schedule of treatment with high-molecular levan markedly influences its inhibitory effect on the growth of transplanted AKR lymphoma. Injections of levan into the site of the primary tumor were more effective in inhibiting tumor growth and preventing tumor-associated weight loss and mortality than were i.p. injections. Local levan injections inhibited metastatic spread only in mice treated from Days 0 and 2. Levan i.p. was more effective in inhibiting metastases in animals started on treatment 7 to 13 days after tumor inoculation than in animals in which levanization was started earlier. Local injection of levan before inoculation of tumor enhanced tumor growth and shortened life-span in comparison to nonlevanized animals. In mice treated with levan for a short period only, the inhibitory effect on tumor growth slowly vanished within 2 weeks. Some animals treated for 5 to 8 months remained completely free of tumor. The results indicate that the effect of levan on tumor development is mainly topical and depends on the concentration of the polysaccharide in the site. The tumor growth period from 0 to 5 days appears to differ from the following period in the reaction to levan treatment. The nature of this difference is not clear, but possible explanations are discussed.
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PMID:Effects of route and schedule of administration of high-molecular levan on the growth of AKR lymphoma. 126 21

About 15% of patients with cancer have cerebrovascular lesions, resulting from 4 kinds of disorders sometimes intermingled in advanced disseminated cancer: coagulation disorders, direct effects of the tumor, infections and therapeutic measures. Infarction, hardly less frequent than hemorrhage, mostly complicates lymphoma and carcinoma. Hypercoagulation states, such as chronic disseminated intravascular coagulation, nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis, and nonmetastatic cerebral venous thrombosis account for about 50% of cases. Tumor emboli, as seen in intravascular malignant lymphomatosis, arteritis related to aspergillus, granulomatous angiitis with or without herpes zoster and radiation-induced atherosclerosis are rarer. Cerebral hemorrhages, excluding bleeding from the metastases of choriocarcinoma and melanoma are mainly associated with leukemia by acute disseminated intravascular coagulation as in promyelocytic leukemia, by leukostasis or by pancytopenia. Both infarction and hemorrhage rarely reveal the neoplasia. Lesions are often small and disseminated, and therefore produce a picture of diffuse acute or subacute encephalopathy rather than acute focal deficits. Finally, there may be no relationship between the cerebrovascular event and the neoplasia, and atherosclerosis or traumatic subdural hematoma may well be the causal factor.
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PMID:[Cerebrovascular complications of cancers]. 130 55

We report a histological analysis of the areas of high density in the postequilibrium and delayed phase CT in 43 focal hepatic lesions. The cases consisted of 16 cholangiocellular carcinomas, 9 hepatocellular carcinomas (including a sclerosing type of hepatocellular carcinoma and a combined hepatocellular-cholangiocellular carcinoma), 13 metastases, 2 granulomas, an inflammatory pseudotumor, a malignant lymphoma, and an epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. Computed tomography was performed after hepatic angiography using 40-50 g iodine and arteriographic CT using 35 g iodine. The areas of delayed enhancement corresponded histologically to fibrotic tissues, from inflammatory change to extensive fibrosis.
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PMID:Delayed enhancement of fibrotic areas in hepatic masses: CT-pathologic correlation. 131 98

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) is a small round cell malignancy arising in soft tissue and bone, predominantly in older children and adolescents. We report the cytomorphologic features and findings of ancillary studies of eight fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies from three patients (7-year-old male, 12-year-old female, 9-year-old female). Two of the biopsies suggested the initial diagnosis of PNET of the chest wall, while the remaining six documented recurrent or metastatic disease. In one of these cases the primary diagnosis made by FNA biopsy enabled the pediatric oncologists to give specific therapy for the unresectable tumor and achieve remission. Local recurrences included the chest wall (two cases), pleura (one case) and pericardium (one case), while metastatic disease involved the supraclavicular lymph node and breast. All the cases consisted of small malignant cells with a high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio and hyperchromatic nuclei without prominent nucleoli. Homer Wright rosettes were seen in only two of the aspirates, and neuropil and ganglion cells were not present. Ancillary studies, including electron microscopy (two cases), immunocytochemistry (four aspirates from two cases) and cytogenetics (11/22 translocation, one case) performed on the aspirated material were aids in making a specific diagnosis and excluded other small round cell tumors of childhood, such as malignant lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma. The differential diagnosis between PNET and neuroblastoma can be difficult on the basis of an FNA biopsy alone, although light microscopic morphologic differences exist. Clinical features (e.g., age, primary site, metastatic patterns), catecholamine levels, electron microscopy and cytogenetics are necessary in establishing the correct diagnosis.
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PMID:Fine needle aspiration cytology of primitive neuroectodermal tumors. A report of these cases. 132 99

HIV-1-related neurological diseases, excluding opportunistic infections and HIV encephalitis, are considered here. Most occur in severely immunosuppressed patients, with CD4 counts of under 200 x 10(6) l-1. Primary brain lymphoma and metastases from systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the second commonest cause of cerebral mass lesions in AIDS, are usually aggressive B cell tumours. Their poor median survival after treatment, compared with that of lymphomas in non-AIDS patients, seems related to systemic complications, particularly opportunistic infections. Kaposi's sarcoma produces neurological symptoms exceptionally. Cerebral infarction is often unrecognized clinically but large vessel arteritic occlusions may occur. Intracranial haemorrhages occur mostly in thrombocytopenic patients. Seizures are frequently referred to the neurologist; investigation may lead to a diagnosis of AIDS. Nearly 50% of patients with seizures have cerebral toxoplasmosis or cryptococcal meningitis; HIV-1 encephalitis is presumed to be the cause in 30%. A subacute or chronic vacuolar myelopathy with pyramidal and posterior column signs is the commonest form of spinal cord involvement in AIDS; its cause remains unknown. Peripheral nerve syndromes occur at all stages of HIV-1 infection. Distal symmetrical peripheral neuropathies are the most frequent, particularly a painful form with axonal atrophy, associated with CMV infection, and seen during ARC or AIDS. Mononeuritis multiplex due to vasculitis, CMV, or lymphoma and a serious lumbosacral polyradiculopathy due to CMV are infrequent. The commonest myopathy is due to zidovudine (AZT); it usually responds to drug withdrawal. The nature, prognosis and optimal management of most other myopathies is yet to be determined.
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PMID:Other neurological diseases in HIV-1 infection: clinical aspects. 134 49


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