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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Liposarcoma of the spermatic cord is a rare tumour typically presenting in elderly people. It tends to grow around blood vessels. Most of them have a low level of malignancy and relapses tend to be localized. Metastasis, when present, occur through the haematological route, lymph spread being very unusual. Pre-operative diagnosis is infrequent and overall prognosis is good. The choice treatment is radical orchidectomy, while long-term follow-up of these patients is mandatory. When local relapses become evident, the choice treatment is extensive local excision, followed by optional adjuvant radiotherapy. Chemotherapy has not proven to be effective. This paper reviews the current literature and contributes one case of mixed liposarcoma of the spermatic cord.
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PMID:[Paratesticular tumor. Liposarcoma of the spermatic cord]. 836 9

Spontaneous renal neoplasms in the rat are uncommon. This paper presents the incidence and histopathological features of various long-term developing renal tumors observed in control rats from 17 carcinogenicity studies (1340 males and 1329 females) in Sprague-Dawley rats and 10 carcinogenicity studies (530 males and 530 females) in Fischer-344 (F-344) rats. Renal cell adenoma (0.08% in Sprague-Dawley and 0.28% in F-344), lipoma/liposarcoma (0.37% in Sprague-Dawley and 0.75% in F-344) and transitional cell carcinoma (0.07% in Sprague-Dawley and 0.09% in F-344) were observed in both Sprague-Dawley (0.49%) and F-344 (1.13%) rats. Pulmonary metastasis was observed from one case of transitional cell carcinoma. Renal cell carcinoma with metastasis to the lung and liver was seen in one F-344 rat. In addition, transitional cell papilloma and nephroblastomas were also observed in Sprague-Dawley rats. Metastases from nephroblastoma were seen in the lungs and renal lymph node in two cases. In both rat strains, the tumor incidence was higher in males than in females.
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PMID:Spontaneous renal neoplasms in rats. 838 57

Different conceptions exist regarding the epidemiology and prognosis of liposarcoma, and several classification systems are in use. We analyzed a population-based, 25-year series of 43 patients with liposarcoma of the extremity or trunk wall. Follow-up was complete. The annual incidence was 0.12/10(5). The thigh was the most common location. One of 6 tumors was subcutaneous. Deep-seated tumors were larger than s.c. tumors. Among the 42 surgically treated patients, grade II (4-grade scale) was the most common malignancy grade. Four tumors were well-differentiated, 24 were predominantly myxoid, 4 predominantly round-cell, and 10 were predominantly of pleomorphic type. The 5-year metastasis-free survival rate was 69%. By univariate analysis increasing malignancy grade, tumor necrosis, vascular invasion, mitotic count, subtype other than well-differentiated, and high cellularity were prognostic for metastatic disease. However, in the multivariate analysis only tumor necrosis was an independent risk factor. Tumor necrosis should be considered when prognosis of liposarcoma of the extremity and trunk wall is evaluated.
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PMID:Liposarcoma: a population-based epidemiologic and prognostic study of features of 43 patients, including tumor DNA content. 840 79

Liposarcoma is second in frequency only to malignant fibrous histiocytoma among the soft-tissue sarcomas. It occurs almost exclusively in adults and is found most often in the thigh or retroperitoneum. It rarely arises from a lipoma and does not occur in the subcutaneous tissues. Liposarcomas are divided into histologic subtypes with different microscopic appearances and slightly different behavior characteristics. Surgical resection with a wide surgical margin is the treatment of choice. When amputation is required to obtain an adequate surgical margin, local irradiation can be used as an adjuvant and a limb-sparing operation can be done. Currently, no evidence exists that adjuvant chemotherapy is indicated for patients with liposarcoma, although numerous studies are being done to investigate its use. As is the case for all sarcomas, the lung is the most common site of metastasis; however, liposarcoma has an unusual propensity to metastasize to the retroperitoneum, mediastinum, and bone.
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PMID:Liposarcoma. 847 32

Round cell liposarcoma, a high-grade sarcoma, is a poorly differentiated form of myxoid liposarcoma, which is low grade. It is not known, however, how much of a round cell component within an otherwise typical myxoid liposarcoma results in a neoplasm that behaves as a high-grade sarcoma. Twenty-nine cases of myxoid liposarcoma of the extremities with or without a component of round cell liposarcoma were studied to semiquantitate the amount of round cell component needed to adversely affect prognosis. An estimate of the percent of necrosis, round cell liposarcoma, myxoid liposarcoma, and transitional areas was obtained for each slide on all cases. Transitional areas were defined as those that displayed an increased cellularity compared with typical myxoid liposarcoma, but in which the cells remained spindled, did not have overlapping nuclear borders, and retained an easily discernible plexiform vascular pattern. The amount of necrosis was subtracted from the total material available for evaluation, and a composite estimate of the percent of round cell, myxoid, and transitional areas was obtained. Two tumors were located on the upper extremity, 27 on the lower extremity; tumor size ranged frm 3 to 30 cm (median, 14 cm). All 29 tumors had a myxoid component, with a range from 12 to 100% (median, 73%). The range of transitional component for all 29 tumors was 0 to 88% (median, 11%). Twenty-one tumors had transitional areas (range, 4-88%). The range of round cell component for all 29 tumors was 0 to 58% (median, 0%). Twelve tumors had round cell areas (range, 1-58%). Seventeen patients are either alive without disease, or died from unrelated causes at 24-202 months (median, 96 months). Twelve patients are either alive with metastases or died of disease at 10 to 180 months (median, 53 months). Patients with > 5% round cell component in their initial tumor had a statistically significant higher rate of metastasis or death due to disease than those with < or = 5% round cell liposarcoma (p = 0.05). In addition, patients with myxoid liposarcoma with transitional areas did not fare worse than those with myxoid liposarcoma alone. In conclusion, we found that a round cell component of > 5% portends a higher risk of metastasis or death from disease. Furthermore, transitional areas alone do not appear to alter the prognosis of myxoid liposarcoma. Thus, only those areas that are unequivocally round cell liposarcoma should be designated as high grade.
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PMID:Myxoid/round cell liposarcoma of the extremities. A clinicopathologic study of 29 cases with particular attention to extent of round cell liposarcoma. 855 6

In a 34-year-old patient, sternal resection was necessary for complete removal of a primary mediastinal myxoid liposarcoma grade I, which had grown around the right sternal border. Reconstruction was by the methylmethacrylate sandwich technique. Five months postoperatively part of the device had to be removed due to persistent inflammation. Two years after the initial operation there is no evidence of local recurrence or distant metastases.
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PMID:Sternal resection for primary presternal and retrosternal mediastinal liposarcoma. 866 24

Primary malignant myocardial tumours are rare and essentially sarcomas. The authors report a case of primary left ventricular liposarcoma which is the 18th reported case. The presenting signs were of cardiac failure. Metastases are common by the time of diagnosis. Surgical ablation, though rarely complete because of its myocardial localisation, is justified for precise histological diagnosis. The prognosis of these lesions is poor. Complementary treatment is rarely used. However, it should be proposed as surgery alone has been shown to have limited curative applications.
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PMID:[Primary liposarcoma of the left ventricle. Apropos of a case and review of the literature]. 867 59

The main pleural disorders are: effusion, thickening, masses and pneumothorax. Chest radiography is the first approach to evaluation of pleural disease; further evaluation is based upon ultrasounds (US), computed tomography (CT), and high-resolution CT (HRCT). The typical appearance of free pleural effusion is a homogeneous opacity with concave upper boundary; subpulmonic or intrafissural collections may also occur; the exudative effusions can be organized by adhesions between the pleural layers; consequently, loculated collections result. Radiographs allow us to assess the presence, amount and arrangement of effusions, but US and, especially, CT are needed to detect the modifications of the underlying pleura: circumferential thickenings, irregular and more than 1 cm thick are mostly malignant and denote mesothelioma or metastases: subtle and regular thickening is the typical appearance of fibrosis; a normal pleura does not exclude a malignant effusion. CT plays a major role in the diagnosis and management of empyema and in differentiating it from the pulmonary abscess. With CT it is also possible to differentiate the true pleural thickening from the false one due to a simple increase of extrapleural fat, and to disclose the activity of a fibrothorax through the detection of a small amount of fluid between the pleural layers. Pleural plaques are clearly visible by conventional radiography, especially with oblique views; US and CT are needed in the assessment of pleural tumors (fibroma, lipoma, fibro- and liposarcoma) and in determining the involvement of the lung and the chest wall. Pneumothorax is easily detected by conventional radiographs in the upright patient; when supine, the air collects in the anterobasal regions and particular projections are required; CT can reveal small amounts of air and is recommended in critically ill or trauma patients.
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PMID:Imaging of pleural diseases. 868 Mar 81

Common histologic variants of liposarcoma are readily recognized. Histologic classification might be difficult, however, when liposarcoma demonstrates cartilaginous differentiation. Although this phenomenon has previously been noted, it has not, to our knowledge, been reported as a specific pathologic entity. All three patients in the present study were men, ages 37, 42, and 63 years. Each presented with a solitary, enlarging mass of the thigh that was surgically excised. The tumors ranged in size from 8 to 13 cm. Microscopically, each lesion displayed characteristic features of myxoid liposarcoma; in addition, all possessed discrete, rounded foci of mature-appearing hyaline cartilage. One case displayed small foci showing chondrocyte atypia. No other patterns of mesenchymal differentiation were present. All patients received postoperative radiation therapy. No recurrences or metastases have been identified (mean duration, 39 mo). Myxoid liposarcomas with cartilaginous differentiation are of importance because they might be misdiagnosed as malignant mesenchymoma. The latter, if not qualified as to histologic grade, might be presumed to be a biologically more aggressive lesion. In addition, these lesions must be distinguished from two benign processes: chondroid lipoma and extraskeletal chondroma with lipoblast-like cells. Additional studies of this uncommon variant of liposarcoma will be necessary to document further its status as a low-grade sarcoma.
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PMID:Myxoid liposarcoma with cartilaginous differentiation. 868 23

Lipomatous tumors are a common group of mesenchymal lesions. Over the years the major changes in the classification of lipomatous tumors have included the addition of several new variants of lipoma, the use of the term atypical lipoma for well differentiated liposarcoma of the subcutaneous tissue, and recognition of the entity dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Lipomas, the most common lipomatous tumor, account for nearly one-half of all benign lesions. In their typical form they seldom present diagnostic problems for the pathologist. However, lipomas occurring in deep locations (e.g., intramuscular lipoma, perineural lipoma) or those having unusual features (e.g., chondroid lipoma, lipoma with hibernoma, cellular angiolipoma, spindle cell/pleomorphic lipoma) may be confused with liposarcoma. Recent cytogenetic studies have reaffirmed the separate nature of many of the variants of lipoma. Solitary lipomas commonly have rearrangements of chromosome 12, a finding not encountered in multiple lipomas or in spindle cell/ pleomorphic lipoma. Liposarcoma is the most common adult soft tissue sarcoma. It seldom arises from subcutaneous tissues or from preexisting lipomas, and is seldom found in children. The hallmark of liposarcoma is the immature fat cell or lipoblast. Diagnostic lipoblasts have an eccentric, hyperchromatic nucleus, which is indented or scalloped by the presence of one or more fat vacuoles. It is important that these cells occur in the appropriate histologic background because similar cells can be seen in a variety of nonlipomatous lesions (e.g., silicone reaction). Failure to apply strict criteria in identifying such cells and in noting the milieu in which they occur can lead to overdiagnosis of liposarcoma. Liposarcomas are divided into several subtypes: well differentiated, myxoid, round cell, pleomorphic, and dedifferentiated. Liposarcomas can be conceptualized as occurring in two broad groups, myxoid/round cell liposarcoma and well differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Myxoid/round cell liposarcomas occur in middle-aged adults primarily as an extremity lesion. Tumors range from pure myxoid (low grade) to pure round cell (high-grade lesions) with some cases having transitional features. Behavior can be related to the amount of round cell areas. A consistent chromosome abnormality t(12;16) characterizes this spectrum of lesions. Well differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcomas, in contrast, occur in late adult life as extremity or retroperitoneal lesions. They consist of mature fat interlaced with atypical hyperchromatic cells and rare lipoblasts. These lesions recur commonly, but they do not metastasize. Their behavior is strongly influenced by location, with retroperitoneal lesions having the worse prognosis. As a long-term complication of the disease, these lesions may progress histologically (dedifferentiate), a phenomenon that confers upon them metastatic potential. Dedifferentiation is largely a time-dependent phenomenon that occurs in sites in which there is a high likelihood for clinical persistence of disease (e.g., the retroperitoneum). Dedifferentiated liposarcomas occur in an age group similar to well differentiated liposarcoma, but are found far more commonly in the retroperitoneum. Most occur as de novo lesions, with only a small percentage occurring as a late complication of well differentiated liposarcoma, as described above. They consist of well differentiated areas associated with nonlipogenic sarcoma usually resembling high-grade malignant fibrous histiocytoma or fibrosarcoma. However, the range of histologic features occurring in the dedifferentiated areas is more varied than previously appreciated. Low-grade areas resembling fibromatosis or low-grade fibrosarcoma may be seen as the sole expression of dedifferentiation or may co-exist with high-grade sarcoma. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)
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PMID:Lipomatous tumors. 874 79


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