Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pyrimidine analog, 5-azacytidine (NSC 102816), was administered by continuous intravenous infusion in Ringer's lactate in increasing doses to sets of patients with metastatic cancer to establish a dose sufficient to produce mild toxicity. Twenty-one patients (23 trials) were treated with doses of 50-200 mg/sq/m/day for 5 days every 2-4 wk. Nausea and vomiting were moderate and easily preventable. Doses of 100-200 mg/sq/m for 5 days every 14 days produced granulocytopenia, usually after two courses. Less toxicity was observed when courses were given every 21-28 days. Forty-five patients with previously treated and refractory acute myeloblastic leukemia were treated. The majority received doses of 150 mg/sq m for 5 days every 2 wk. Eleven (24%) complete remissions and four partial remissions were observed. The number of courses to achieve remission averaged three and required an average of 59 days. Nine patients with blastic crisis of chronic myeloblastic leukemia and four with refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia failed to respond. 5-Azacytidine administered by continuous infusion is well tolerated and is an active compound in acute myeloblastic leukemia.
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PMID:5-Azacytidine (NSC 102816): a new drug for the treatment of myeloblastic leukemia. 6 Jan 56

Patients with nonseminomatous germ-cell tumors of the testis can be divided into two broad groups. The first includes patients with negative lymphograms or small-volume metastases confined to the abdominal nodes. The overall cure rate with orchiectomy and nodal irradiation is 80%. A policy of early detection of relapse and treatment with chemotherapy is advocated. Adopting this approach, no deaths have occurred in this group of patients treated in 1976 and 1977, and only one (associated with acute myeloblastic leukemia) occurred in 1975. The second group consists of patients with other stage categories who receive chemotherapy as initial treatment, followed in stage II and II and selected stage IV patients by radiation therapy to sites of initial involvement and surgery. Preliminary experience has shown this to be a practicable and promising approach. The prognosis for stage IV patients depends upon metastatic site and volume; in those patients with limited lung disease 80% are surviving disease-free.
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PMID:An appraisal of the role of radiation therapy in the management of nonseminomatous germ-cell tumors of the testis in the era of effective chemotherapy. 11 87

Plasma hCT levels were less than 50 pg/ml in 50 normal subjects. In 16 patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT), plasma hCT levels were distinctively elevated and they fell significantly after total thyroidectomy, but in 11 of them plasma levels were still high, indicating the presence of metastases. In 74 patients with the other types of malignancy, plasma hCT levels were found to be high in 9 cases (3 oat cell carcinoma of the lung, 4 malignant carcinoids, one malignant pheochromocytoma and one acute myelocytic leukemia). Except for the leukemic case, all these tumors were derived from neural crest. In 12 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, plasma hCT levels were less than 20 pg/ml. In 13 hypoparathyroid patients, two with pseudohypoparathyroidism and one with pseudoidiopathic hypoparathyroidism, plasma hCT levels were slightly elevated. Some patients with uremia had elevated plasma hCT levels, but there was no relation between plasma levels of hCT and those of PTH, urea nitrogen or creatinine. In response to Ca (4.5 mg/kg/10 min) or tetragastrin (4 mug/kg/5 min) infusion, a marked increase in plasma hCT was observed in all patients with MCT, but not in normal subjects. In 5 hypoparathyroid patients, a significant increase to both stimuli was also observed in all cases. Two patients with pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism responded to the Ca load. These results indicate that the determination of plasma hCT levels especially after a short Ca or tetragastrin infusion is important to study various pathological conditions.
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PMID:Plasma human calcitonin (hCT) levels in normal and pathologic conditions, and their responses to short calcium or tetragastrin infusion. 19 Dec 50

Plasma and 24-h urinary adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) were measured by radioimmunoassay in 12 normal subjects, 33 patients with six types of non-neoplastic disease (cholelithiasis, peptic ulcer, coronary heart disease, hypertension, regional ileitis, and cirrhosis), and 34 patients with five types of disseminated neoplastic disease (acute myelocytic leukemia; Hodgkin's disease; and metastatic cancer of the lung, colon, and breast). In patients with non-neoplastic disease, cyclic nucleotide values in plasma and urine did not differ significantly (P greater than 0.05) from those in normal subjects. In patients with disseminated cancer, cyclic AMP values in plasma and urine likewise did not differ significantly from those in normal subjects. Plasma cyclic GMP, in contrast, was significantly elevated in all five types of cancer patients, and urinary cyclic GMP was significantly elevated (five times the normal mean) in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:Plasma and urine cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate in disseminated cancer. 22 52

The development of a rapid rate of regeneration of osteomalacic bone in a patient treated for acute granulocytic leukemia has been demonstrated for the first time. This positive bone balance was most intense at the time of maximal depletion of leukemic tissue. The authors postulate that new formation of osteomalcic bone is due to inability to maintain the rate of calcification parallel to that of bone formation. A similar abnormality occurs in egg-laying birds, in rapidly growing children on a diet suboptimal in vitamin D who have rickets, and in some patients with osteoblastic metastases.
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PMID:Osteomalacic new bone formation during chemotherapy of acute granulocytic leukemia. 28 69

This brief review of the more promising clinical trials suggests that immunotherapy is indeed beneficial for selected cancer patients. Because of its limited potency, it should not be used as primary treatment for malignant disease except as local immunotherapy for certain accessible tumors. It is effective for eradication of primary neoplasms of the skin as well as cutaneous metastases of malignant melanoma and breast carcinoma. The most important role for immunotherapy is in combination with other modalities. It may help control occult micrometastases that cause recurrence and death following surgical procedures or irradiation. Results of adjuvant immunotherapy appear promising for malignant melanoma, for carcinoma of the lung, breast, and colon, and for soft-tissue sarcomas. In combination with chemotherapy, immunotherapy appears to prolong remission and survival in acute myelogenous leukemia and in disseminated tumors of the lung and breast. Clearly, immunotherapy is not a panacea for malignant disease, but it could become an important arm in a multimodality attack on cancer.
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PMID:Clinical trials of immunotherapy: present status. 36 56

Rapidly fatal acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) occurred in a woman with advanced (Stage III) ovarian carcinoma who was treated with thiotepa for 30 months. This patient was 1 of 10 long term survivors and represented less than 2% of patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma with regional metastases who received long term chemotherapy during the period 1947-1975. Acute leukemia developed 44 months after initial diagnosis and was preceded by a 10 month period of pancytopenia following cessation of thiotepa. The leukemia did not respond to treatment and the patient expired 3 weeks after its onset. At autopsy, leukemic infiltration of organs was seen, but there was no evidence of carcinoma. A review of the literature suggests that the development of AML reported in ovarian cancer patients is related to alkylating agent therapy.
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PMID:Ovarian carcinoma terminating in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia following alkylating agent therapy. 41 94

The expression of c-fms oncoprotein in different primary tumours as well as in their metastases in bone marrow, was shown. All the samples were fixed and processed by the acetone, methyl benzoate, xylene procedure (AMeX), which was suitable for studying oncoprotein expression not only in primary tumours but also in bone marrow (BM) biopsies. Among the patients suffering from acute myeloid leukaemia (AMeL), positive c-fms cells were found in 55% cases. On the contrary, patients with lymphocytic cell disorders have not had detectable c-fms oncogene product in BM biopsies.c-fms oncoprotein was also detected in some primary tumour specimens (lung carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, breast carcinoma and melanoma) and their metastases in BM, while it was not present in normal uterine tissue. There was a positive correlation between c-fms oncoprotein expression in primary and metastatic tumours. Our results showed that c-fms product is confined, not only to some normal, but also to the variety of malignant cells of different origin.
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PMID:c-fms is present in primary tumours as well as in their metastases in bone marrow. 139 Jan 97

A human acute myelomonocytic leukemia cell line, KBM-3, was developed to study the pathophysiology of human acute myeloid leukemia. This cell line was characterized by morphology, immunophenotype, Giemsa-banding pattern, in vitro proliferation capacity, and tumorigenicity in nude mice. The KBM-3 cell line was established in the presence of exogenous lymphokines (human placenta-conditioned medium, HPCM), but medium for later passages did not contain HPCM. We found high cellular expression of the mRNA message for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which we suggest may be important for the immortalization of the cell line. KBM-3 cells have an immature myelomonocytic phenotype. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a pseudodiploid karyotype with five characteristic marker chromosomes and ranging in total number from 45 to 49. In suspension cultures, the cells had a doubling time of 23 h and a cloning efficiency of about 30% in soft agar independent of exogenous lymphokines. Two-thirds of nude mice injected with 1 x 10(4) KBM-3 cells and all animals injected with 1 x 10(5) cells developed S.C. granulocytic sarcomas within 6-8 weeks. These tumors were locally invasive but did not give rise to distant metastases. When transplanted to a new set of nude mice, all tumors formed secondary sarcomas at the site of implant. We conclude that the KBM-3 cell line may have value for studying the molecular events that underlie the neoplastic transformation in human myeloid leukemia.
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PMID:KBM-3, an in vitro model of human acute myelomonocytic leukemia. 156 50

Pericardial exudate and/or spread of the tumour to the pericardium occurs frequently in leukaemia and malignant lymphomata. Metastases to the pericardium may be demonstrated at autopsy in 50% and 20-25%, respectively. In the majority of cases no symptoms from the heart occur. In cases with significant pericardial effusion or constrictive pericarditis, urgent treatment is indicated. Pericardiocentesis is carried out in cases of cardiac tamponade. Irradiation has frequently a rapid and dramatic effect in cases of massive tumour infiltration in the pericardium. Long-term treatment depends on the malignant haematological disease concerned. Meticulous diagnostic investigation is therefore indicated in every case with cardiac symptoms. This has frequently therapeutic consequences, reduces the morbidity and prolongs survival. Two cases of acute pericardial effusion with haemodynamic consequences are reviewed in this article. The haematological diagnoses were acute myeloid leukaemia and malignant lymphoma (diffuse large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma), respectively.
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PMID:[Pericardial involvement in leukemia and malignant lymphoma]. 240 59


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