Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bone scans have been established as a major investigative procedure for various bone, muscle and joint diseases, and for the detection of bony metastases. MDP (methylene diphosphate) labeled with Tc-99m is currently used for bone imaging. The quality of bone imaging agents can affect the quality of the bone image. In this work we compared the quality control for three commercially available MDP kits (Daiichi, Amersham, NEN) in Taiwan, and the imaging quality among the various MDP kits. Our results revealed a slight difference of quality control in various brands of Tc-99m MDP. However, there was no significant difference in the imaging quality among the various MDP kits.
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PMID:[Comparative analysis of MDP bone imaging agents used in Taiwan]. 133 8

The causes of complaints in the acromioclavicular joint include arthrosis after dislocation of the joint, metastases, polyarthritis, tuberculosis, or hyperparathyroidism. Some causes have not yet been identified. If conservative therapy is unsuccessful the condition may be treated by resection of the acromial end of the clavicular, as first described by Gurd and Mumford. The present paper reports the results obtained in 22 patients who were followed up. Complete freedom from pain was achieved in 59% of the cases and improvement in 23.7%, while in 13.6% the results had to be classified as unchanged or poor. An analysis of these results admits the conclusion that with restricted indication and in particular in post-traumatic conditions, it is certainly possible to achieve results which make this technically simple procedure the treatment of choice in arthrosis of the acromioclavicular joint; this is borne out by the literature. In much rarer cases, changes in the sternoclavicular joint have to be surgically treated. Here also, the majority of cases are post-traumatic changes, and here again most of them are conditions following anterior luxation. Analogously to resection at the acromial end of the clavicula, a resection at its sternal end may also produce successful results. With reference to three of the authors' own cases, the clinical picture is considered and the results are presented and discussed; however, since the various surgical techniques cannot be compared, a final evaluation is only possible to a limited extent.
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PMID:[Resection of the acromial and sternal end of the clavicle]. 367 90

All intramedullary femoral surgery entails embolic phenomena which explain peroperative collapses formally known as bone cement implantation syndrome, as well as perioperative fat embolism syndromes. Locally, the bigger the cavity is, the higher the number of accidents: 2.5-5 per cent for GUEPAR hinged-knee prosthesis, 1.75 per cent for total hip arthroplasty with long stem, and 0.1 per cent during classic THA with cement limited to the metaphysis. Anomalies in bone vascularization also increase risk: 10.5-13 per cent during prophylactic nailing for shaft metastases, 1-11.5 per cent during hemiarthroplasty cemented in osteoporotic bone of femoral neck fractures, and only 0.1 per cent during THA implanted because of arthrosis. Not only cement, but also rods, reamers, nails, implants, ultrasonic tool for cement extraction, increase the pressure inside the cavity. Methylmethacrylate is no longer the only incriminated factor, even if it is responsible for a major part of the compressive load. The intensity and duration of the pressure are correlated with the number of embolic phenomena and with measured cardiopulmonary parameters. The intracavity fat content is expelled (an empty cavity, as in THA revision, does not lead to embolic phenomena). Then filters through the intraosseous veins whose diameter limit the size of the extruded embolic phenomena. The ultrasonography of the inferior vena cava shows innumerable fine particles and thrombi which are already organized under the influence of procoagulant factors released from the operative shield and which remain crumbly. These emboli cross the cardiac cavities. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), of recent use, does quantify the amount of right atrial filling, duration of echogenesis and size of particles: the result is higher in patients who underwent cemented versus noncemented THA: however the embolism score is no an indicator of seriousness because it is not correlated with cardiorespiratory manifestations; TEE shows only one fourth of the patent foramen ovale, whereas the atrial septal defect is surely one of the most efficient systemic invasion mechanisms to produce perioperative fat embolism. Lung response is most often asymptomatic, even if all patients undergoing intramedullary surgery display an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance which is managed by the right heart only, as well as pulmonary (and sometimes systemic) microvascular fat obstruction. Common operating room monitoring procedures do not detect successive embolic phenomena before they cause pulmonary arterial hypertension which then has repercussions on the left heart and in turn causes peroperative hemodynamic accidents. Only pulmonary arterial pressure measurement with a Swan-Ganz catheter gives early and durable signs of an intolerance to embolic load. Preventive treatment is surgical as there is an inverse relation between embolic marrow and marrow eliminated by large volume washes (which is often more effective than draining). Cement indications in older patients as well as the choice of fixation techniques in femoral fractures must take into account the cardio-pulmonary condition of the patient. Resuscitation procedures dealing with these complications end in the patient's death in half of the cases.
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PMID:[Embolism and intramedullary femoral surgery]. 916 44

Age is a major risk factor for solid tumors, including breast cancer. The majority of elderly breast cancer patients have oestrogen-dependent tumors, thus, tamoxifen is widely administered. However, it has been noted that tamoxifen-related thrombotic events are not exceptional. Due to the increasing prevalence of comorbidity, including vascular diseases, with age, such events are more frequently observed in the aged patients. Formestane, a selective steroidal aromatase inhibitor, may represent a therapeutic option after failure with tamoxifen, or in the presence of vascular diseases contraindicating its administration. The present report provides a new clinical experience on a consecutive series of 45 elderly breast cancer women affected by moderate to severe degree of comorbidity and disability measured by a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) scale validated on oncological patients. Formestane was given intramuscularly at the dose of 250 mg every 2 weeks. The study included 31 patients who had metastatic disease, and 14 who received formestane as an adjuvant treatment. Median age was 74 years (range 65-93), with nine patients > 80 years. Median ECOG Performance Status (PS) was one. The more frequent comorbidities observed in our series were arthrosis-arthritis (64.4% of patients), hypertension (44.4%), vascular diseases (35.5%), CNS diseases (28.8%). Twenty percent of patients presented at least one dependency in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and 51.2% in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). The treatment was well tolerated - only two patients interrupted formestane because of minor adverse reaction at the injection site and generalised itching. In particular Formestane was not responsible for any worsening of pre-treatment comorbidities, especially hypertension and vascular diseases. Objective responses (OR) were observed in 11.1% of advanced patients, while the disease was stabilised in 51.8% subjects. Median duration of OR was 12 months; median overall survival was 11 months. Among patients receiving formestane as adjuvant treatment, three relapsed, with a time to failure (TTF) of 12 months. Formestane is effective and minimally toxic in an elderly breast cancer population with comorbidities and disabilities measured by CGA.
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PMID:Formestane is feasible and effective in elderly breast cancer patients with comorbidity and disability. 1107 86

Concerning bone and joint diseases therapy of rheumatic synovitis (= radiosynoviorthesis) was introduced in 1952 before clinically relevant diagnostic procedures were developed. Radionuclides of Sr and later on 99mTc phosphonates then started the wide use of bone scintigraphy since > 30 years. The diagnostic methods have an excellent sensitivity for detection of local abnormalities of bone metabolism, the specificity of such studies, however, is low. Modifications of the technique (3-phase-bone-scintigraphy, pinhole collimators, ROI-technique), increasing knowledge of pathological scan patterns and introduction of other radionuclide studies (67Ga, 201Tl, inflammation scans with 99mTc-leukocytes or 99mTc-HIG) as well as 18FDG-PET have increased the specificity significantly in recent years and improvements of imaging systems (SPECT) also increased the accuracy of diagnostic methods in diseases of bone and joints. Therapy of such diseases has made considerable progress: inflamed, swollen joints can effectively be treated with 90Y-, 186Re, 169Er-colloids or with 165Dy-particles by radiosynoviorthesis. Severe pain due to disseminated bone metastases of cancer or polyarthritis can be controlled by radionuclide therapy with 89Sr, 153Sm-EDTMP, 186Re- or 188Re-HEDP and possibly 117mSn-DTPA with an acceptable risk of myelodepression. Possibilities, technical details and limitations of radionuclide applications for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes must be considered if optimal benefit for individual patients should be achieved. Overall Nuclear Medicine can become an essential element in management of bone and joint diseases. The relationship of Nuclear Medicine to bone and joint pathology is peculiar: In 1952 treatment of rheumatic synovitis by radiosynoviorthesis with 198Au Colloid was started by Fellinger and Schmid before diagnostic approaches to bone pathology existed. Bone scintigraphy was introduced only in 1961 using 85Sr but obviously the unfavourable radiation characteristics of this radionuclide limited it's broad application and 87mSr did not improve this situation. Only when 99mTc phosphonates were developed by Subramanian the importance of bone scintigraphy became apparent: The excellent imaging properties of these radiotracers showed, that abnormal bone metabolism could be visualized even before morphological alterations in the skeleton become visible on radiographies or even CT-scans. Moreover, proposals made earlier to use 32P or 89Sr for palliation of pain in patients with disseminated skeletal metastases were picked up again and led also to other radiopharmaceuticals (186Re-HEDP, 153Sm-EDTMP, 117mSn-DTPA) which are applied today for the same purpose with very good success. Therefore Nuclear Medicine today has a broad program for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to diseases of bone and joints. In bone scanning the high sensitivity led to inclusion of this method for routine staging and re-staging programs in a variety of cancer forms which have a trend to develop bone metastases (e.g. breast, lung, prostate, melanoma) but the low specificity of abnormal patterns on such scans can impair the diagnostic value of the technique. To increase specificity and to define inflammatory lesions, radiotracers used for "inflammation scanning" were introduced such as labeled granulocytes, 99mTc Human Immunoglobulin and others but also a simple modification of bone scanning--triple phase bone scintigraphy--was used. Recently the excellent properties of 18F for PET of the skeleton were rediscovered again and emission CT scanning--possibly with overlay with transmission CT or MRT pictures--can enhance the diagnostic impact of radionuclide bone studies.
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PMID:Nuclear medicine in diagnosis and therapy of bone and joint diseases. 1460 Oct

Intraarticular masses can be classified as noninfectious synovial proliferative processes (lipoma arborescens, synovial osteochondromatosis, pigmented villonodular synovitis, rheumatoid arthritis), infectious granulomatous diseases (tuberculous arthritis, coccidioidomycosis arthritis), deposition diseases (gout, amyloid arthropathy), vascular malformations (synovial hemangioma, arteriovenous malformations), malignancies (synovial chondrosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, synovial metastases), and miscellaneous (cyclops lesion). Knowledge of articular anatomy aids the radiologist in localizing masses to the joint space. Some joints have complex anatomy with contiguous or adjacent bursae, recesses, and tendinous connections from which masses may originate or into which masses may extend. Many of the diseases causing intraarticular masses have specific imaging characteristics, especially on magnetic resonance images, and knowledge of these characteristics will allow for a more confident diagnosis.
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PMID:Imaging of intraarticular masses. 1565 90

Necrosis of the femoral head represents a special form of aseptic bone necrosis because it develops in the high load-bearing region of the hip joint. The incidence of the disease is not precisely known. Characteristic macroscopic findings include articular cartilage detachment in the load-bearing zone immediately below the subchondral osseous lamella, the bordering necrosis of the marrow space and bone cells, incursion of the spongiosa, and the gradual loss of roundness of the femoral head. The cause of the disease is a disorder in circulation supplying the proximal femur. The disease frequently occurs in disorders of lipometabolism, after steroid medication, in sickle cell anemia and chronic alcoholism, and after fractures of the femoral neck. Histopathological classification should distinguish between arthropathy with secondary femoral head necrosis and primary forms. Differential diagnosis based on histological findings should distinguish between primary coxarthrosis with secondary femoral head necrosis, metastases, and a few bone tumors in the epiphyses. Clear cell chondrosarcoma is particularly important in the context.
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PMID:[Pathohistology of femoral head necrosis]. 1745 Mar 48

Metastatic lesions to the bones of the foot are rare but pose a challenge to the treating surgeon because of variation in presentation. Cases may present as a painful or swollen toe or as an infection resistant to antibiotics, or they may mimic inflammatory arthropathy. As such, diagnosis may be delayed. Also, with the advent of new therapies for certain cancers, patients living longer have time to develop metastases. The incidence of metastases to the foot is changing. The senior author (HD) has managed 3 consecutive cases of tumorous lesions metastasizing to the foot. Patients included 1 man and 2 women, with an average age of 76.7 years (range, 57-88 years). Open biopsy was performed in 2 cases, whereas true-cut needle biopsy was performed in 1 case. The average follow-up was 16.2 months (range, 8.5-29 years). The pattern and incidence of foot metastases may be changing. Early and accurate diagnosis may help improve patient survival. A working protocol is presented here that can help in diagnosing such lesions.
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PMID:Metastases to bones of the foot: a case series, review of the literature, and a systematic approach to diagnosis. 1982 37

Beyond established roles in the assessment of skeletal metastatic disease, in muscle diseases and in myeloma, WBMRI has the potential to offer many further valuable clinical applications. This article presents an overview of emerging clinical applications of WBMRI emphasizing its role in the assessment of musculoskeletal ailments, ranging from the assessment of arthropathy through to body composition research.
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PMID:Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging: emerging applications. 2022 41

A rotator cuff tear causes shoulder pain and limits movement of the shoulder joint. A chronic degenerative change or impingement is the reason for a rotator cuff tear. Diagnosis is made based on medical history and, physical and radiological examinations. Other causes of shoulder pain include calcific tendinitis, degenerative arthropathy, joint dislocation, fracture, and primary or metastatic neoplasm. However, metastatic cancer in the shoulder joint is difficult to diagnosis. We experienced a case in which a 46-year-old female patient complained of left shoulder pain and limited joint mobility, and these symptoms were due to metastatic breast cancer in the shoulder.
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PMID:The Shoulder Pain due to Metastatic Breast Cancer -A Case Report-. 2171 12


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