Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied the effect of thyroxine treatment on tumor growth and metastases resulting from tumor implants on the hind feet of mice in two syngeneic systems. In control, untreated A/Jax mice, tumor Sarcoma 1 at Day 14 after implantation had average tumor weight of 582 +/- 60 (S.D.) mg and showed an incidence of 57% metastases to regional popliteal nodes and 5% metastases to thymus. In contrast, the thyroxine-treated group (40 microgram/mouse s.c., 5 times/week for 1 month) had an average tumor weight of 808 +/- 56 mg (p less than 0.001), and metastases to popliteal nodes and thymus were 90 and 35%, respectively. In another syngeneic tumor system, Lewis fibrosarcoma was implanted in C57BL/6J mice, and the tumor weight and metastatic index (derived from the number and size of the pulmonary tumor foci) were determined at Day 28. Again, the synthetic L-thyroxine treated group showed a significant enhancement tumor growth and metastatic index. The mean tumor weight in the treated group was 385 +/- 26 mg (control, 694 +/- 25 mg; p less than 0.005) and metastatic index was 84 +/- 29 (control, 30 +/- 25; p less than 0.001). Induced hypothyroidism (treatment with 131I, 100 microCi/mouse i.p.) showed the reverse effect on both tumor systems. These results suggest that both tumor systems are dependent on thyroid hormones for their growth and spread.
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PMID:Enhancing effect of thyroxine on tumor growth and metastases in syngeneic mouse tumor systems. 47 77

Thyroid function was assessed at the time of initial diagnosis in 204 patients with lung cancer and compared with that of age and sex-matched patients with non-malignant lung disease. Abnormalities in thyroid function were found in 67 patients (33%). The most prevalent abnormality was a low T3 concentration; this was not associated with other clinical or biochemical evidence of hypothyroidism, but the short-term prognosis of these patients was worse than that of matched patients with lung cancer having normal T3 concentrations. Primary hypothyroidism occurred in three patients, low T4 concentrations and free thyroxine index (FTI) with normal thyrotrophin (TSH) concentrations in four patients, and moderately raised TSH with normal thyroid hormone concentrations in six patients; nine patients had a raised FTI with or without raised T4 concentration as the sole abnormality.Overall, the pattern of thyroid hormone metabolism in lung cancer was a tendency towards reduced T3 concentrations with significantly increased T4/T3 ratios and modestly increased 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) concentrations. The altered T4/T3 ratio was particularly noticeable in patients with anaplastic tumours of small ("oat cell") and large cell types, but was not apparently related to detectable extrathoracic metastases.These data suggest that thyroid hormone metabolism is altered in patients with lung cancer by decreased 5'-monodeiodination of T4. The resulting low T3 concentrations and altered T4/T3 ratio may be partly responsible for the reduced ratio of androsterone to aetiocholanolone observed in lung cancer, which is known to be a poor prognostic sign.
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PMID:Thyroid function in lung cancer. 62 Feb 66

Following operation or/and radioiodine therapy in 69 patients with malignant tumors of the thyroid gland the plasma level of TSH was increased independently of the level of thyroid hormone and of a clinical finding of hypothyroidism. In all cases it was possible to stimulate the secretion of TSH with TRH (p less than 0,0005). Therefore, application of TRH may be helpful to increase the uptake of iodine by metastases. On the other hand substitution of thyroid hormones--thyroxine or triiodothyronine or both combined--resulted in normal levels of TSH and normal response to TRH.
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PMID:[Behavior of the TSH level in thyroidectomized patients after thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)]. 81 89

The authors analyze the results from the carried out radioisotope investigations in preoperation and postoperation period of 42 patients with thyroid gland cancer. The test for 131J cumulation and thyreoscintigraphy were performed prior to operation. A part of the patients was stressed to reveal hyperthyroid function of the thyroid gland. The cases of cold nodules of the thyroid gland prevail on the scintigraphy. The test for 131J cumulation, thyreoscintigraphy, determination of the level of the proteinbound radioiodine in serum and Hamolski test were carried out as control investigations after the operation prior to percutaneous radiation and radioiodine therapy. Patients with hypothyroidism predominate in the first investigation. The cases with partial resection of thyroid gland prevail in scintigraphy, with cases of "white" scintigraphy and cases with normal scintigraphyic image of the gland. The proteinbound radioiodine in serum, besides the majority of the cases with normal values, in a part of the examined-shows etevated values. Homolski test in the majority of the patients is within the normal limits and the cases with elevated vales might be due to the specific changes in the capapcity-binding ability of thyroxinbinding glubin, but are always suspicious for metastases in function. The complex radioisotope investigation of the thyroid gland are basic methods for the early thyroid cancer diagnosis, for the determination of the therapeutic trends and prognosis of the patient and for the follow-up in dynamics the progress of the disease and the effect of the carried out treatment.
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PMID:[Radioisotopic studies in cancer of the thyroid gland]. 96 73

A 58-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital complaining of weight loss. Abdominal computerized tomographic (CT) scan disclosed a mass shadow in the left kidney. From the results of further examination, including drip infusion pyelography (DIP) and angiography, he was preoperatively diagnosed as having a left renal tumor. Left radical nephrectomy was performed on March 15, 1990. The lesion was histologically diagnosed as renal cell carcinoma (clear cell subtype, grade 2) confined by the renal capsule (stage I). No distant metastases were detected. Interferon-alpha was administered every other day as adjuvant chemotherapy. After the patient experienced muscle pain in his thighs and shoulders after exercise on February 11, 1991, the serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level progressively increased up to 2,329 U/l. On the basis of the results of various examinations reflecting thyroid gland function, he was diagnosed as having primary hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto's disease. Thyroid function improved after administration of triiodothyronine and thyroxine. Interferon has been reported to influence thyroid function, and, in this case, interferon-alpha therapy may have induced the primary hypothyroidism associated with Hashimoto's disease.
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PMID:[Hypothyroidism followed by interferon-alpha as adjuvant therapy of renal cell carcinoma: a case report]. 148 77

A 59-year-old man with metastatic renal cell carcinoma developed symptomatic thyroid dysfunction following interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) therapy. Thyroid evaluation prior to this therapy revealed evidence of subclinical Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Symptomatic thyrotoxicosis, including atrial fibrillation, developed after the initial two courses of intermittent intravenous bolus therapy with human recombinant IL-2 and IFN-alpha. At 4 weeks after initiation of immunotherapy, the thyroid antimicrosomal antibody (AMA) titer rose from 1:6,400 to 1:25,600; thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin was negative. A technetium 99m-pertechnetate thyroid scan obtained while the patient was thyrotoxic showed diminished uptake in a symmetrically enlarged gland. The patient was temporarily treated with propranolol, digoxin, and quinidine. The atrial fibrillation quickly resolved, and thyrotoxicosis abated over the following 5 weeks, while the AMA titer rose further to 1:102,400. By 11 weeks after initiation of immunotherapy, hypothyroidism developed and persisted through two subsequent courses of cytokine therapy at Weeks 16 and 18. The tumor metastases partially responded to the immunotherapy. The patient has remained hypothyroid up to 27 weeks of follow-up. This case history suggests that IL-2 and IFN-alpha therapy may precipitate a fulminant autoimmune thyroiditis syndrome in a vulnerable patient with preexisting autoimmune thyroid disease.
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PMID:Transient thyrotoxicosis and persistent hypothyroidism due to acute autoimmune thyroiditis after interleukin-2 and interferon-alpha therapy for metastatic carcinoma: a case report. 155 92

In the last ten years, 47 patients with distant metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma have been treated with 131I following total thyroidectomy. Post-therapy whole body 131I scans revealed detectable uptake in the metastatic lesions in 23 (62%) of 37 patients with lung metastases, 10 (67%) of 15 patients with bone metastases five (71%) of seven patients with mediastinal metastases, and neither of two patients with brain metastases. The concentration of 131I in the metastases was significantly correlated with serum T3 and T4 concentrations, and inversely correlated with serum TSH concentrations. Most of the patients with a strong positive scan were euthyroid, suggesting that thyroid hormones produced by the tumor compensated for hypothyroidism following total thyroidectomy. There was no significant relationship between serum thyroglobulin concentration during T4 replacement therapy and 131I uptake or the efficacy of therapy. Twenty patients with lung (54%), five with bone (33%), two with mediastinal (29%), and none with brain metastases showed tumor regression after treatment. Significantly increased 131I uptake in lung metastases, better therapeutic results and better prognosis were demonstrated in young patients. In conclusion, age, 131I whole body scanning and serum thyroid hormone concentrations are considered to be useful in predicting the efficacy of 131I treatment for distant metastases, especially in the lung.
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PMID:[Results of radioiodine therapy in 47 patients with distant metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma]. 189 47

The effects of expermentally induced hyper- and hypothyroidism on the growth and development of spontaneous pulmonary metastases of Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) cells were studied in a murine system. Progression of 3LL tumors growing in mice was associated with significant reduction in the serum levels of T3 and T4. Subcutaneous (s. c.) injections (3 times/week) of T3 resulted in a hyperthyroid state with elevated T3 and reduced T4, whereas treatment with T4 induced a hyperthyroid state with elevated T3 and T4 levels. On the other hand, treatment with methimazole induced hypothyroidism with reduced T3 and T4 levels. Under these experimental conditions, treatment with T3 significantly inhibited spontaneous pulmonary metastases, and prolonged survivals of the mice. Methimazole suppressed primary and metastatic tumor growth and prolonged survival. In contrast, treatment with T4 enhanced primary tumor growth and development of pulmonary metastases of 3LL cells. Alveolar macrophages showed enhanced cytotoxicity against 3LL tumor cells after injections of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) for 4 weeks. The NK activities of spleen cells of mice treated with T4 or methimazole were much lower than those of control mice, and were not affected by treatment with T3. These results imply that changes in thyroid functions may have important influence on natural host defenses against primary and metastatic lung cancer in humans.
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PMID:Effects of experimental hyper- and hypothyroidism on natural defense activities against Lewis lung carcinoma and its spontaneous pulmonary metastases in C57BL/6 mice. 194 98

The pituitary regulates the body's endocrine system, including the thyroid gland, adrenal cortex, ovaries and testes, through the release of numerous hormones. Pituitary function, in turn, is regulated through complex feedback loops involving the hypothalamus and the target endocrine glands. Hypopituitarism may result from multiple causes, including primary and metastatic cancer, ischemic and granulomatous disease, infection, developmental abnormalities and trauma, which may affect the gland itself (primary hypopituitarism) or the hypothalamus (secondary hypopituitarism). Depending on the anatomic lesion, patients with hypopituitarism may present with signs or symptoms of multiple endocrine abnormalities, such as hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, diabetes insipidus, hypoglycemia, sexual dysfunction and growth retardation. A thorough clinical history, detailed examination, laboratory evaluation of endocrine function and radiographic views of the pituitary and sella turcica can suggest the diagnosis and etiology. Treatment, usually lifelong, may include hormone replacement and medical or surgical correction of the underlying disease.
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PMID:Hypopituitarism. 204 46

A case of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the thyroid is reported in which treatment by means of radioactive iodine has been successful. The patient was completely thyroidectomized for "malignant adenoma" in 1923, with neither thyrotoxicosis then nor hypothyroidism postoperatively; 15 years later there developed classic symptoms of hyperthyroidism and severe pain in the lower back. In October 1939 a pulsating tumor removed from the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra proved to be metastatic thyroid adenocarcinoma (histologically well differentiated, with small follicles and colloid). In the next two years hyperthyroidism increased and roentgenograms revealed new metastases in the lungs, upper part of the right femur, second rib on the left side, left ilium, and skull. Roentgenologic irradiation of the metastases proved ineffectual. In March 1943 a tracer dose of radioactive iodine revealed iodine retention by all the known lesions and no evidence of residual thyroid tissue in the neck. Therapeutic amounts of radioactive iodine were administered orally between May and October 1943. Definite and lasting clinical improvement followed. In April 1944 and March 1945 additional I* was administered with a resultant disappearance of pain, increase in weight, and progressive change in all clinical criteria in the direction of hypothyroidism. Roentgenographic evidence pointed to an arrest if not a regression of the disease. No untoward effects followed this therapy. Radioactive iodine seems to be an effective therapeutic agent in the control of this type of tumor.
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PMID:Radioactive iodine therapy: effect on functioning metastases of adenocarcinoma of the thyroid. 211 14


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