Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a complex disease with aspects of virology (human herpesvirus-8, HHV-8, and human immunodeficiency virus, HIV), immunology (immunodeficiency), hyperplasia (multiple widely spaced de novo lesions), and neoplasia (metastases) that has always been the most common AIDS-defining malignancy. The lesional spindle cell has been classified as being derived from either blood vascular or, more recently, lymphatic endothelial cell origin. This study revealed a spectrum of endothelial cell ultrastructure from lymphatic to blood vascular. It demonstrated frequent Weibel-Palade bodies and gap junctions. The spindle cells were shown to behave as facultative phagocytes, internalizing and processing necrotic cells and leaked red blood cells (RBCs). Fragmented RBCs were equivalent to the "hyaline droplets" seen by light microscopy. The final stages of RBC disintegration were hemosiderin and ferritin. Most significantly, this study disclosed that KS is actually composed of a single type of randomly oriented spindle cell forming vessels of varying size and integrity.
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PMID:Ultrastructure of Kaposi sarcoma. 1895 95

An infection with Bartonella henselae transmitted from domestic cats to humans by scratching normally leads to cat-scratch disease. When the human host has severe immunosuppression or HIV infection, the potentially life-threatening disease bacillary angiomatosis can develop. A 79-year-old man presented with livid-erythematous, angioma-like skin lesions. We considered a cutaneous infiltrate from his known chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Merkel cell carcinoma, cutaneous metastases of internal tumors, cutaneous sarcoidosis, mycobacterial infection and even atypical herpes simplex infection. The correct diagnosis was proven histologically and by PCR. Because of increasing numbers of immunosuppressed and HIV-positive patients, as well as an infection rate of 13% for B. henselae in domestic cats in Germany, one must be alert to the presence of bacillary angiomatosis.
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PMID:Bacillary angiomatosis. 1929 47

The HIV Tat-interacting protein (TIP30), also called CC3 or HTIP2, is encoded by Tip30, a putative tumor-suppressor gene located on human chromosome 11p15.1. In this study, we investigated the role of TIP30 in the progression and metastasis of lung cancer. TIP30 expression was analyzed in 206 paired lung cancers and adjacent non-tumor tissues, as well as in 70 matched lymph node metastases using a high-density tissue microarray. Results were compared with the clinicopathologic features of the patients from whom the tissues were taken. Low TIP30 expression levels were found in all 9 cases of small cell lung cancer and in 36.5% (72/197) of non-small cell lung cancer, which were correlated with lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer and with poor differentiation and advanced stage of tumor cells in squamous cell carcinoma. The immunostaining scores were significantly lower in the metastatic lesions than in the primary lesions. Down-regulation of TIP30 by a short hairpin RNA enhanced cell survival, migration, and invasion through Matrigel in vitro, and promoted lung metastasis and vascularization in nude mice. Further studies revealed that the down-regulation of TIP30 enhanced the expression of osteopontin, as well as matrix metalloproteinase-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor. Our results suggest that the down-regulation of TIP30 promotes metastatic progression of lung cancer, hence it could serve as a potential target for the development of lung cancer therapies.
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PMID:Decreased TIP30 expression promotes tumor metastasis in lung cancer. 1934 53

Human telomerase RNA (hTR) is an intrinsic component of telomerase enzyme. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and single-stranded antisense oligonucleotides have been used previously for silencing of the hTR. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of partially double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), in vitro and in vivo in comparison to single-stranded antisense ODNs and siRNAs. ODNs were designed on the basis of structural properties of an ODN from previous studies on HIV, to target the hTR in the human cervical carcinoma HeLa cell line and mouse telomerase RNA (mTR) in the murine metastatic melanoma B16-F10 cell line, respectively. Our results indicate that ODNs were able to inhibit the hTR by 68% and the mTR by 81% in the respective cell lines. This correlated with ODN-mediated rapid inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis excluding slow effects on telomerase function. The inhibition of the hTR was decreased by knock-down of the cellular RNases H suggesting their contribution. Furthermore, we showed a reduction in numbers of metastases by 70% after intravenous administration of ODN-transfected B16-F10 cells in C57BL/6 mice. Our study demonstrates the potential utility of these hairpin-loop-structured ODNs as a different group of nucleic acids for telomerase-based antiproliferative strategies.
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PMID:Antitumor activity of small double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides targeting telomerase RNA in malignant melanoma cells. 1944 92

Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have an increased risk of malignancies such as Kaposi's sarcoma, primary central nervous system lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and cervical cancer, but the relative risk of other malignancies such as papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is not well documented. The report describes the case of a 52-year-old HIV-infected Haitian male who presented with PTC. A post (131)I therapy whole body scan (WBS) showed abnormal uptake in several areas indicating the presence of a number of micro-metastases. Our case raises the question not only as to the role of HIV infection in predisposition to PTC, but also how it alters the clinical course of the tumor.
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PMID:Micrometastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient: a case report and discussion. 1965 51

The chemokine receptor, CXCR4, and its specific ligand, CXCL12, have been proven to regulate the directional trafficking and invasion of breast cancer cells to sites of metastases, and similar phenomena have also been identified in many malignant tumors that aberrantly overexpress CXCR4. Therefore, blocking the interaction between CXCR4 and CXCL12 is considered a possible approach to efficiently prevent cancer metastasis. Employing a cellular phenotypic knockout strategy based on intrakines, we developed a novel recombinant chimeric protein, TAT/54R/KDEL, which contains three distinct functional domains: CXCL12/54R, a mutant of CXCL12 with CXCR4 antagonism, as well as HIV-derived TAT (47-57) and an endoplasmic reticulum retention four-peptide sequence KDEL that links at its NH(2) and COOH termini, respectively. Using the MOLT-4 cell line, which expressed CXCR4 highly and stably in vitro, we determined that TAT/54R/KDEL was able to efficiently transfer into the endoplasmic reticulum of tumor cells, where it specifically binds to the newly synthesized CXCR4 and prevents the latter from reaching the surface. Chemotaxis assays showed that the cells treated with TAT/54R/KDEL failed to migrate toward CXCL12. Furthermore, we observed that the systemic treatment of TAT/54R/KDEL could impair lung metastasis in a highly metastatic mammary cancer cell line, 4T1 cells, with the decrease of CXCR4 on their membrane. Our results suggest that the phenotypic knockout strategy of CXCR4 using a novel recombinant protein TAT/54R/KDEL might be a possible approach for inhibiting relative tumor metastasis mediated by CXCR4/CXCL12 interaction.
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PMID:Phenotypic knockout of CXCR4 by a novel recombinant protein TAT/54R/KDEL inhibits tumors metastasis. 1982 96

In the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), HIV-positive individuals are increasingly presenting with non-AIDS-defining cancers such as lung carcinoma. These neoplasms tend to exhibit aggressive clinical behavior and often present with metastatic disease. We present 2 cases of lung carcinoma that manifested initially with cutaneous metastases. Both patients were men (37 and 43 years old) with known AIDS that presented with multiple skin nodules mainly on the trunk (back and shoulder). These cases demonstrate that cutaneous metastases might represent the first sign of an internal HIV-related malignancy. Recognition of skin metastases is important for prompt diagnosis and initiation of proper therapy. With the growing problem of non-AIDS-defining cancers in the current era of HAART, clinicians should be aware that skin lesions in the HIV-infected individual might represent metastatic disease.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus-associated lung carcinoma presenting as cutaneous metastases. 1990 Aug 64

A 48-year-old HIV-positive woman presented with progressive pain and stiffness of both shoulders and hips. She was given the diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) due to high erythrocyte sedimentation rate. However, a 1-week course of prednisolone failed to improve her symptoms. She later discovered a breast lump of which histopathological tissue was consistent with a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Whole body bone scan revealed multiple bony metastases. The presence of atypical features of PMR and lack of dramatic response to steroids should prompt physicians to raise the probability of differential diagnoses other than PMR, and in particular, malignancy.
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PMID:Polymyalgia rheumatica as the first presentation of metastatic lymphoma. 2068 6

Peripheral lymphadenopathy is commonly present in HIV-infected patients and has a wide spectrum of differential diagnoses. We carried out a cross-sectional study of peripheral lymph node biopsies performed from January 2004 to December 2008 in HIV-infected patients who attended a tertiary-care hospital in southern Brazil. Only 60 of 210 peripheral lymph node biopsies performed (28%) were non-diagnostic. The most common diagnoses included: mycobacteriosis (105 cases; 50.2%); lymphoma (19 cases; 9.0%); systemic mycosis (12 cases; 5.7%) including histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis and histoplasmosis; and metastatic cancer (2.9%). Peripheral lymph node biopsy is a simple and useful tool to diagnose opportunistic diseases in HIV-infected patients.
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PMID:Biopsy of peripheral lymph nodes: a useful tool to diagnose opportunistic diseases in HIV-infected patients. 2094 Feb 91

A 37-years old patient of south Indian origin presented with pain in his right scapular region radiating to the right arm, numbness and muscular weakness of the fourth and fifth finger. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a mass at the right pleural dome with arrosion of the first rib (Pancoast presentation), an osteolytic process in the fourth rib and in the right hip. All three lesions had a high FDG uptake in the PET/CT suggestive for lung cancer metastases in this smoker. Surprisingly, the CT-guided fine needle biopsy revealed no malignancy, but granulomatous inflammation and epitheloid cells. Microscopy for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) was negative, but the culture was positive for AFB. The HIV-negative patient received a regular antituberculous chemotherapy. His condition as well as the radiological findings improved gradually. In the majority of cases, space occupying masses in the upper sulcus are caused by non-small cell lung cancers. Extrapulmonal tuberculosis infection presenting as a Pancoast syndrome is a curiosity. However, with respect to the patients ethnical background this diagnosis should have been considered earlier.
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PMID:[Be cautious with a prognosis!]. 2110 84


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