Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Among 37 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma given systemic chemotherapy, 12 (32 percent) lived 14 to 37 months from initiation of treatment whereas the remainder died within five months. Individual factors associated with improved survival included fully ambulatory performance status, lack of jaundice, response to chemotherapy, the fibrolamellar carcinoma pathologic variant, absence of cirrhosis, and normal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels. Patients living longer than 12 months fell into two groups. Seven patients with fibrolamellar carcinoma lacked evidence of hepatitis B serum markers or cirrhosis and had normal alpha-fetoprotein levels and surprisingly frequent extrahepatic metastases. All but one were Caucasians aged 25 years or less. The other five "long-term" survivors were all fully ambulatory without jaundice, and the majority were older non-Caucasians with tumor confined to the liver at the time of diagnosis and with hepatitis B markers, elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels, or cirrhosis. All patients without fibrolamellar carcinoma who were less than fully ambulatory or who had jaundice died quickly. Patients with fibrolamellar carcinoma have homogeneous clinical features, and their disease follows a relatively indolent course. In other patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, assessment of ambulatory status and serum bilirubin determination can identify those with some prospect of prolonged survival.
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PMID:Prognostic factors in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma receiving systemic chemotherapy. Identification of two groups of patients with prospects for prolonged survival. 257 51

Consecutive autopsies (5241) performed in the Trieste area and consecutive autopsies (6511) performed in the Tokyo-Chiba area were analyzed to study the frequency of liver metastases in cirrhotics. The Italian material included 500 cases and the Japanese material included 529 cases of liver cirrhosis. Both of these groups were matched for sex and age with a control group. The results were similar in both areas and confirmed the widely held but disputed opinion that metastases in cirrhotic liver are rare. These results seem to be clinically important since they agree with the fact that most neoplasms in cirrhotic liver are primary. From a biologic and epidemiologic point of view, these results call for reconsideration of the complex relationship existing between cancer and liver cirrhosis, in relation to major causative factors such as alcohol and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.
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PMID:Relationship between cirrhosis, liver cancer, and hepatic metastases. An autopsy study. 273 92

Eleven cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in childhood were investigated by immunohistochemistry for association with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Seven of 11 cases (64%) demonstrated positivity for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAG), whereas all 11 were negative for hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAG). Cirrhosis was absent in all cases, and other causes for HCC in childhood were not found. All children with HBV-associated HCC died within 6 months of diagnosis. The median survival time of these children was 2 months. Only one child with HCC of trabecular subtype without HBV association is still living after 18 months. However, this child has metastases and a local recurrence. Three other children with HCC of fibrolamellar subtype are free of disease after 2, 5, and 6 years, respectively. The high number of cases of HBV-associated HCC shows the important role of HBV infection as an etiologic factor for the development of childhood HCC in middle Europe.
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PMID:The association of hepatocellular carcinoma in childhood with hepatitis B virus infection. 284 44

From July of 1974 to June of 1978, 131 patients with Stage II carcinoma of the breast were randomly assigned to one of three treatment arms in order to assess the efficacy of adding immunotherapy to adjuvant chemotherapy. All patients had metastases in the axillary lymph nodes, but no clinical evidence of systemic disease. Prognostic factors were relatively equally distributed among the three treatment arms. All patients received adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of cytoxan, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF). In addition, patients received adjuvant immunotherapy consisting of Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) or BCG plus a tumor cell vaccine. This vaccine was a mixture of allogeneic breast cancer cell lines grown in tissue culture. Fourteen patients receiving tumor cell vaccine developed hepatitis B, leading to the abandonment of this arm of the study. Side effects of chemotherapy were tolerable. No statistically significant difference could be demonstrated in recurrence rate or survival. However, the two groups receiving adjuvant chemo-immunotherapy had a slightly shorter time to recurrence and lower overall survival. The use of chemo-immunotherapy as administered in this study did not improve the clinical course of patients with Stage II breast cancer and was associated with significant morbidity.
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PMID:Adjuvant chemo-immunotherapy in stage II carcinoma of the breast. 352 43

In vitro experiments selected optimal conditions to radiolabel with 131I the whole immunoglobulin and F(ab')2 fragments of the monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 225.28S to a high-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA). Injection of the radiolabeled whole immunoglobulin and F(ab')2 fragments of the MoAb 225.28S into eight patients with melanoma resulted in the accumulation of radioactivity in 10 of 18 metastases. This localization is specific because of the close relationship between detection of HMW-MAA in lesions by immunohistochemical techniques and outcome of immunoscintigraphy and because of the different distribution in tumors and adjacent tissues of radiolabeled F(ab')2 fragments of MoAb 225.28S compared with 99mTc-pertechnetate and with radiolabeled F(ab')2 fragments of MoAb 4C4 to hepatitis B surface antigen. F(ab')2 fragments are superior to whole immunoglobulins to perform immunoscintigraphy, since they markedly reduce the background in bone marrow, liver, and spleen. The sensitivity of the procedure allows the detection of lesions with a diameter of at least 1.5 cm and is influenced by the level of the HMW-MAA in lesions and by their anatomical site.
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PMID:Imaging with 131I-labeled monoclonal antibodies to a high-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen in patients with melanoma: efficacy of whole immunoglobulin and its F(ab')2 fragments. 400 60

A 21-year-old woman presented with a 12-month history of epigastric pain, and for 3 months she had noticed a mass in the right hypochondrium. She had taken 'Norinyl-1' (norethisterone 1 mg and mestranol 50 mcg) for 5 years. She smoked 20 cigarettes a day but drank little alcohol. Physical examination revealed irregular hard hepatomegaly 10 cm below the right costal margin. Hepatitis B surface antigen was not detected in the serum and alpha fetoprotein levels were normal ( 10 M.R.C. units). A liver scan showed a large space-occupying lesion in the right lobe of the liver, and liver biopsy revealed a cholangicarcinoma with striking fibrous reaction. Multiple shadows consistent with metastases were present on chest X-ray, but no bony deposits were found on radiological skeletal survey or bone scan. The serum calcium was persistently high (2.74-2.92 mmol/l) but fell on prednisolone therapy. Serum parathyroid hormone levels were normal. A causal relation between oral contraceptives and hepatic adenoma is now generally accepted, and several patients with hepatocellular carcinoma have also been reported. We have been able to find only 1 previous report of cholangiocarcinoma in a young female taking oral contraceptives, and there is 1 report of this tumor in a man taking high doses of anabolic steroids for refractory anemia. This tumor has its peak incidence in the 6th decade and is very rare in the 3rd decade. The association with hypercalcemia due to pseudohyperparathyroidism is well recognized. In only some cases are parathyroid hormone levels raised, and the cause of the pseudohypercalcemia in our patient is unknown.
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PMID:Cholangiocarcinoma and oral contraceptives. 610 61

The author respectively examined the localization of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in 150 autopsy cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with particular attention to growth pattern of HCC. Varying numbers of orcein-positive cells were observed in 42 cases (28.0%) with various distribution patterns, and all the 42 cases were confirmed with immunoperoxidase technique for HBsAg. HBsAg-positive cells were detected in HCC tissue in 10 cases (6.6%) among the 150 cases. Regarding the growth pattern of HCC in the 10 cases, many HBsAg-positive cells were seen in HCCs of the sinusoidal and replacing types, in which the hepatocytes were frequently retained in the cancerous tissue, particularly around the tumor-nontumor boundary. On the other hand, there was no HBsAg-positive cell in the encapsulated type HCC which was the most common (approximately 50%) in the present study and in which the retained hepatocytes were hardly seen. Meticulous histological observation after decoloration of the positive reaction to HBsAg in the sections treated with immunoperoxidase technique and subsequent eosin stain disclosed that HBsAg-positive cells in HCC tissue were retained hepatocytes in 9 cases, and the possibility of HCC cell was not denied in one case. Moreover, HBsAg-positive cells were never detected in tumor thrombi of the portal vein branches and pulmonary metastases.
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PMID:Localization of hepatitis B surface antigen in hepatocellular carcinoma. 619 43

Two hundred and eighty-seven autopsy cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Chinese were reviewed. The analyses included histological study of the tumour and of the non-cancerous liver tissue, the cause of death and metastases. Bleeding of oesophageal varices was more frequent but rupture of tumour less common in cases associated with cirrhosis than in those without cirrhosis. There was a significantly higher incidence of bilobar involvement by tumour in the clear cell type of HCC and in cases unassociated with cirrhosis compared to other histological types of HCC and HCC with cirrhosis, possibly because of longer survival of the former groups. A strong association was found between cirrhosis and hepatic fibrosis with HCC and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), suggesting an oncogenic effect of chronic persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on hepatocytes.
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PMID:An autopsy study of hepatocellular carcinoma in Hong Kong. 627 77

Six autopsy cases of the rare, diffuse type of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as classified gross anatomically according to the strict definition, have been studied. The prominent clinical feature was the rapid deterioration of the patient's general condition, terminating in hepatic failure. The liver size enlarged quickly, at a perceptible speed, often accompanied by abdominal pain. Diagnosis of this particular type of HCC was difficult, and celiac angiography and scintiscan of the liver were only suggestive when considered together with other laboratory data. Hepatitis B surface antigen was positive in all three patients in whom it was tested. The entire liver was studded with minute, uniformly sized tumor nodules, evenly distributed throughout. Some of them were grossly indistinguishable from cirrhotic nodules. All livers had an underlying cirrhosis which was characterized by relatively small regenerative nodules with thin stromas. Large portal branches at the hilum contained tumor thrombi in all patients, except for one case in which left lobectomy was followed by intraportal dissemination. Histologically, all tumor nodules represented intrahepatic metastases via the portal vein system. Tumor cells were poorly differentiated. These findings suggest that the diffuse type of HCC most frequently, if not always, represents intrahepatic, widespread portal metastases which have occurred within a short period of time.
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PMID:A clinical and pathological study of diffuse type hepatocellular carcinoma. 629 41

The pathologic findings of 232 consecutive cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) autopsied during the past ten years at Kurume, Japan, were analyzed from the point of view of global epidemiology, in relation to clinical feature, and in regard to incidence, age, sex, etiologic factors, size of liver, changes in noncancer parenchyma, gross type of tumor, extrahepatic metastases, intravascular and intraductal growths, cancer cell histology, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in hepatocytes and cancer cells, liver cell dysplasia, and frequency and clinicopathologic characteristics of minute HCC. Furthermore, postmortem hepatic arteriography and portography were done in 152 livers for comparison with gross anatomy and celiac angiograms. It was found that: (1) epidemiologically, HCC in Japan is distinct from that in the West that it is frequently encapsulated, livers are generally small because of frequent and advanced cirrhosis and small cancer, minute HCC, is not uncommon at autopsy, cirrhosis most commonly associated is the one with thin stroma and medium size nodules, and micronodular cirrhosis is very rare despite frequent alcohol abuse; (2) HCC is increasing in incidence; (3) HBsAg is frequently found in parenchyma; (4) liver cell dysplasia is indirectly related to HBsAg with no evidence for premalignancy; (5) the lung is the most frequent site of metastasis but peritoneal dissemination is unusual; (6) intraportal tumor growth is very common and the hepatic vein is less frequently affected; (7) growth in the major bile duct is frequently associated with intraportal growth and clinically presents as obstructive jaundice; and (8) tumor is supplied solely by arteries and celiac arteriograms are closely correlated with gross pathologic findings.
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PMID:Pathology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan. 232 Consecutive cases autopsied in ten years. 629 17


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