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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of the study was to find out how reliably benign and malignant adrenal tumours can be differentiated on the basis of CT characteristics. The material included 86 adrenal tumours with the following confirmed diagnoses: 48 primary adrenal tumours (8 carcinomas, 1 neuroblastoma, 4 pheochromocytomas, 31 adenomas, 3 cysts, 1 haemangioma) and 38 metastases. The size, density, homogeneity, enhancement and growth of the tumours were evaluated. No specific CT findings could separate benign from malignant tumours. Coexistence of cancer and bilateral non-homogeneous adrenal masses is probably sufficient for the diagnosis of adrenal metastases. In cases of coincidental small (less than 3 cm), homogeneous and relatively hypodense masses with no signs of hormonal activity, a follow-up examination of the lesion within three months is recommended. Other masses may indicate further diagnostic procedures.
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PMID:Computed tomography in primary and secondary adrenal tumours. 316 73

Twenty-four hepatic cavernous hemangiomas and 91 metastases from a variety of hypovascular and hypervascular primary neoplasms were prospectively studied with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. In addition to qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis of signal intensity ratios of lesion to normal liver was performed with images obtained with 500/28-30 (repetition time msec/echo time msec) and 2,000/28-150 sequences. Quantitative data did not improve the ability to distinguish hemangiomas from metastases in our series compared with qualitative analysis. Hypovascular metastases, such as colon carcinoma, could be differentiated from hemangioma more frequently (97.5%) than hypervascular endocrine metastases, such as islet cell tumor, carcinoid, and pheochromocytoma (61%). These findings indicate that the utility of MR imaging in differentiating hemangiomas from metastases is dependent on the histologic type of the primary neoplasm.
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PMID:Distinction of hepatic cavernous hemangioma from hepatic metastases with MR imaging. 317 88

Over a 24-year period, 411 partial hepatic resections were performed: 142 right or left trisegmentectomies, 158 lobectomies, 25 segmentectomies, and 86 local excisions. The operations were performed for benign lesions in 182 patients, for primary hepatic malignancies in 106, and for hepatic metastases in 123, including 90 from colorectal cancers. The 30-day (operative) mortality rate was 3.2%, and there were an additional six late deaths (1.5%) due to hepatic failure caused by the resection. The highest operative mortality rate (6.3%) resulted from the trisegmentectomies, but this merely reflected the extent of the disease being treated. A mortality rate of 8.5% for patients with primary hepatic malignancy was associated not only with the extensiveness of lesions, but also with cirrhosis in the remaining liver fragment. There was no mortality for 123 patients with metastatic disease, 100 patients with cavernous hemangioma, 22 with liver cell adenoma, 17 with focal nodular hyperplasia, 16 with congenital cystic disease, and five with hydatid cysts. Trauma, pre-existing iatrogenic injury, and cirrhosis were the only conditions that had lethal portent in patients with benign disease. Furthermore, patients with benign disease who survived operation had minimal liability from recurrence of their original disease and none from the resection per se. By contrast, tumor recurrence dominated the actuarial survival rates for cancer patients, which at 1 and 5 years were 68.5% and 31.9%, respectively, after resection for primary hepatic malignancy, and 84.2% and 29.5%, respectively, for hepatic metastases. In this report, the expanding role of partial hepatectomy in the treatment of liver disease was emphasized, as well as the need for considering, in some cases, the alternative of total hepatectomy and liver replacement.
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PMID:Personal experience with 411 hepatic resections. 317 30

In searching for disease on skeletal images it is important to identify areas of increased activity and cold lesions, which are usually more difficult to identify. Focal photon-deficient lesions are due to metastatic disease in over 80% of cases. They may occur if the tumor is extremely aggressive, if there is disruption of the blood supply to the bone, or if there is significant marrow involvement, particularly in a vertebral body. Some of the common causes of a photopenic lesion are avascular necrosis, malignant bone tumors such as multiple myeloma, metastasis, radiation therapy, attenuation artifacts such as prosthesis or pacemaker, and early osteomyelitis. A case of hemangioma of the dorsal vertebra, a rare cause of photopenic lesion, is reported here.
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PMID:Hemangioma, a rare cause of photopenic lesion on skeletal imaging. 318 Jun 15

Thirty-four hepatic resections were performed on 33 patients. These included 4 trisegmentectomies, 14 lobectomies, 7 segmentectomies, and 9 wedge resections. Twenty patients had metastatic colorectal cancer, 4 had a primary liver tumor, 2 had giant cavernous hemangioma, 1 had metastatic leiomyosarcoma, 5 had various benign lesions including focal nodular hyperplasia, and 1 patient had resection for trauma. Operative morbidity included four subphrenic abscesses, one bile leak, one bile duct injury, one case of cholestasis, and one case of phlebitis. There were no operative deaths. The median survival of the patients with metastatic colorectal cancer was 40 months, and the 5-year actuarial survival rate was 35 percent. Survival rates were not significantly different between patients with a solitary metastasis and those with multiple lesions and was not influenced by size of the metastases. However, survival was significantly better in patients whose primary colorectal lesion was Dukes' B as compared with those whose lesion was Dukes' C. The results indicate that liver resection can be performed safely with acceptable morbidity and improved long-term survival.
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PMID:Hepatic resection for primary and metastatic tumors. 318 7

Cavernous hemangioma of the liver was surgically treated in six men and two women, mean age 58 (51-63) years during a 37-year period. The size of hemangioma averaged 10 (5-15) cm. It was single in all cases and situated in the right liver lobe in seven. The indications for operation were suspected abdominal tumor or hepatic metastases in five cases, enlargement of previously known hemangioma in two, and spontaneous rupture of cavernous hemangioma with massive intra-abdominal bleeding in one case (emergency laparotomy). The operations comprised two right lobectomies, one left lobectomy, three atypical resections of the right liver lobe and two sublobar resections. The course after the elective operations was uneventful, but the patient with ruptured hemangioma died intraoperatively due to myocardial fibrillation after performance of right lobectomy. Although elective surgical treatment of cavernous hemangioma of the liver is safe, the natural history in most cases probably is benign and indications for surgery should be restrictive.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of cavernous hemangioma of the liver. 321 65

Seventy-two cases of acute non-traumatic myelopathy in which walking became impossible within one week after the onset of paralysis were investigated. Fifty-one cases (71%) consisted of mass lesions requiring surgery, such as metastatic spine tumors, hemangioma of spinal cord and hematoma within the spinal canal. Others were 6 cases of anterior spinal artery syndrome and 15 cases of undetermined diagnosis. Pain preceding paralysis or paralysis itself was the initial symptom in 64% of the spinal metastases. Severe pain followed by rapidly progressive paralysis was associated with the vascular lesions. Myelography was generally the most useful diagnostic tool of mass lesions and angiography was also useful in vascular lesions. Walking ability was recovered in 23 of 47 cases after spinal decompression. Postoperative recovery was especially marked when operation was done in the stage of incomplete paralysis. Locating the mass lesion and timely decompression were the most important approaches for handling these conditions.
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PMID:[A clinical study on acute non-traumatic myelopathies]. 324 1

The Bone Tumor Registry of Westphalia contains data on 7,400 tumors and tumor-like lesions of bone, 135 primary spinal tumors, 187 metastases, 98 plasmacytomas, 4 extranodal manifestations of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the vertebral column. The most frequent type of primary tumor is the chordoma (35 cases), followed by osteoblastoma (16 cases), eosinophil granuloma (16), and hemangioma (12 cases). Most of the metastases derive from carcinoma of the breast, bronchial carcinoma, or prostate carcinoma. The present review concentrates on differential diagnosis by means of histological examination, with particular reference to immunohistological methods. In addition, the necessity for complementary assessment of the X-ray findings and histology is emphasized. In particular, the current status of knowledge on the prognosis of primary spinal tumors is presented. In our experience, the preparation of nondecalcified plastic sections has proved especially valuable for diagnostic procedures using punch biopsy specimens.
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PMID:[Pathology of spinal tumors]. 332 Aug 58

MRI is synonymous with proton imaging. It provides detailed images of gross anatomy and pathology owing to the excellent soft-tissue contrast, signal void of flowing blood, versatile geometry, and freedom from streak artifacts, as well as other advantages summarized in Table 8-2. In the CNS, MRI has emerged as the most sensitive imaging modality in virtually all pathologies--some reservations remaining concerning acute hemorrhage, focal calcifications, and bone detail. Hence, it should be considered the premier noninvasive examination in the evaluation of the cancer patient with any suspicion of CNS pathology. Economics and availability must, of course, be considered when evaluating MR's role relative to CT. MR clearly provides the best means of excluding pathology, particularly in the posterior fossa, and must be considered after a negative CT examination with persistent clinical suspicions. MRI must also be considered in routine surveillance, if the earliest possible detection of metastasis, demyelination, and other pathologies is to be achieved. MRI should be considered in the evaluation of vertebral metastases, spinal cord compression, and back pain because of its ability to depict CSF, spinal cord, disk, and vertebral body as distinct structures and its sensitivity to marrow disease. In the extremities and pelvis, clearer depiction of soft tissues, vessels, and marrow is a proven advantage. Hence, MRI is indicated in the evaluation of prostate/bladder/rectal carcinoma, uterine/cervical carcinoma, soft tissues/bony sarcomas, and bone metastasis/infarction. In the abdomen, MRI's display of the retroperitoneum and sensitivity to liver lesions indicates its use in the evaluation and staging of renal/adrenal carcinoma, retroperitoneal sarcomas, primary liver tumors, and metastases. Moreover, MRI is also indicated in the evaluation of liver or adrenal masses of uncertain histology owing to a limited specificity of the MR signal for adenoma, carcinoma, and hemangioma. In the chest, MRI's advantages are currently limited owing to the excellent quality of CT images of mediastinum and lung parenchyma and the deleterious effects of respiratory motion. MRI's primary indications in the chest are for the distinction of mediastinal and hilar masses from vessels and aneurysms; evaluation of lumenal patency and superior vena cava syndrome; detection and display of pericardial effusion and the relationship of tumor to the pericardium; and evaluation of internal cardiac anatomy, thrombi, and tumor. Because of rapid technological advances, statements concerning MRI's limitations must be guarded.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging in oncology. 333 79

Sixty-seven ocular tumors were studied with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT). These tumors included primary uveal melanoma (n = 55), circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (n = 3), diffuse choroidal hemangioma (n = 1), retinal capillary hemangioma (n = 1), medulloepithelioma (n = 1), choroidal nevus (n = 1), retinoblastoma (n = 1), and choroidal metastases (n = 4). MR imaging demonstrated all these lesions, while CT demonstrated 88%. Associated retinal detachment was more easily distinguished from the neoplasms with MR imaging. Extrascleral extension of melanoma and hemorrhagic cystic necrosis within the melanoma were clearly demonstrated with MR imaging, but not with CT. Ninety-three percent of melanomas were markedly hyperintense, compared with the intensity of the vitreous body, on T1-weighted images and hypointense on T2-weighted images. All metastatic lesions were isointense on T1-weighted images and hypointense on T2-weighted images. The circumscribed choroidal hemangiomas were hyperintense on T1-weighted images and isointense on T2-weighted images. MR imaging is superior to CT in detection of intraocular tumors and may be more specific in diagnosis.
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PMID:Intraocular tumors: evaluation with MR imaging. 340 7


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