Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dependence on T1 contrast can be reduced by changing the excitation flip angle. Low flip-angle spin-echo imaging can reduce imaging time because repetition time (TR) is reduced. The authors assessed the efficacy of low flip-angle spin-echo images in phantoms and in liver. MR phantoms made from polyvinyl alcohol gel to model the properties of normal liver, HCC, and hemangioma were scanned with various flip angles at TR 2400 and 1200 msec. Measured signal intensities fitted well with theoretical values. The T1 contrast of signal intensity decreased as the flip angle was reduced, accompanied by a decrease in signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). Thirty patients with hepatic space-occupying lesions (23 with HCC, three with metastases and four with hemangioma) were studied by conventional SE (CSE) at 2400/60/2 (TR/TE/NEX [number of excitations]) (10 min 46 sec imaging time) and low flip-angle SE (LFSE) at 1200/60/30 degrees/2 (TR/TE/FA/NEX) (5:20) and/or 1200/60/30 degrees/4 (10:18). The sensitivity of CSE in detecting lesions was 93% (44/47). It was 92% (35/38) for LFSE with two NEX and 94% (34/36) for LFSE with four NEX pulse sequences. The contrast-to-noise ratio (C/N) for images (HCC/liver, hemangioma/liver) obtained by LFSE with four NEX was significantly higher than that for those obtained by CSE (4.8 vs 3.5, p less than 0.01; 13.4 vs 9.7, p less than 0.01, respectively). Although the C/N (lesion/liver) for LFSE with two NEX sequences was lower than that of CSE for any type of lesion (3.0 vs 3.5 for HCC; 5.1 vs 6.3 for metastases; 8.3 vs 9.7 for hemangioma), the difference was not significant. Although reducing the flip angle from 90 degrees to 30 degrees with two NEX resulted in a decrease in S/N (10.7 to 8.9 for HCC; 15.3 to 11.9 for metastases; 20.0 to 18.1 for hemangioma; 7.4 to 6.3 for normal liver; 10.7 to 10.1 for spleen), the difference was not significant. For hepatic space-occupying lesions, low flip-angle spin-echo imaging is useful to obtain T2-weighted images in a shorter imaging time without sacrificing lesion detectability.
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PMID:[Low flip-angle spin-echo imaging of the liver. Basic study and its application to hepatic space-occupying lesions]. 165 32

Thirty two human livers were removed at autopsy. These included 7 with space-occupying or tumour-like lesions, namely one with multiple cysts, three with haemangiomas, a lobated liver with multiple nodules of focal nodular hyperplasia, one with a metastasis which also had a small haemangioma and one with a hepatocellular carcinoma. Fine particle barium diluted 2:1 with water was injected by hand to fill the arterial system. In the lobated liver, the portal system was also filled. High definition radiographs of liver slices showed arteriographic detail not visible on angiography. The arteriographic appearances were correlated with the macroscopic and microscopic pathology. Liver cysts compress the arteries and arterioles but an apparent halo on the whole liver radiograph was shown to be spurious on a 1 cm thick high definition film. The small vessel pattern of haemangiomas is well demonstrated accounting for the hyperechoic sonograms but hypoechoic areas may also occur due to involution of or haemorrhage into tumours. The small lesions of focal nodular hyperplasia had a poor arterial supply but filled from a portal venous injection. Metastases had a peripheral network of small vessels, central necrosis and normal sized peripheral arteries with no large artery entering the tumour. In hepatocellular carcinoma, a large artery was demonstrated entering the tumour which was considerably more vascular than the metastases. These features should aid in distinguishing these lesions on sonography.
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PMID:Radiological-pathological correlation of mass lesions in the liver. 166 81

With the increasing availability of curative surgical techniques for primary and secondary hepatic neoplasms, the tasks for clinical imaging of liver cancer suspects have become more exacting. Detection of tumor, differential diagnosis of individual nodules, and mapping the anatomic extensions of malignant disease are now routinely required. Related and unrelated liver substrate abnormalities such as cavernous hemangioma and focal fatty deposits are often discovered in liver cancer suspects and must be differentiated from metastatic deposits. Moreover, modern imaging methods frequently display tiny subcentimeter nodules which often prove difficult to adequately characterize (micrometastases vs other). The most sensitive imaging techniques are CT after arterial portography and intraoperative ultrasound, but because of their invasiveness, these are reserved exclusively for staging. For primary screening MR imaging is increasingly preferred over CT because of its superiority in discriminating hemangiomas and cysts from metastases without the need for iodinated contrast material.
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PMID:Liver tumor imaging: current concepts. 166 23

Premalignant lesions of the penis include cutaneous horn, balanitis xerotica obliterans, and leukoplakia. The true incidence of progression of each of these to squamous-cell carcinoma is unknown. Bowenoid papulosis, erythroplasia of Queyrat, and Bowen's disease are histologically identical to in situ carcinoma. Although the first is consistently benign, the latter two regularly evolve into invasive cancer. Malignant scrotal lesions include squamous-cell carcinoma, liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, basal-cell carcinoma, extramammary Paget's disease, erythroplasia of Queyrat, malignant melanoma, and metastases. Hemangioma can be confused with carcinoma.
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PMID:Premalignant lesions and nonsquamous malignancy of the penis and carcinoma of the scrotum. 173 73

The rebuilt tumor model is a three dimensional mass of tumoral cells and angioma fusiform cells in collagen. Rebuilt tumors can give rise to "in vitro metastases" and these metastases depend on the presence of a neomatrix secreted in vitro by rebuilt tumor cells. This study defines the origin of the neomatrix and its role in "in vitro metastasis". Fusiform cells of angioma origin (AF3cells) were stimulated ten-fold by growing them in conditioned medium from a human melanoma cell line (MM2). The stimulated AF3 cells produced a dense neomatrix that was firmly attached to the culture flask. The AF3 cells were removed and MM2 cells were grown on this neomatrix. They gave rise to tumorous nodules very like the "in vitro metastases" produced by rebuilt tumors. The MM2 conditioned medium contained basic fibroblast growth factor, which could account for the angiogenetic activity of the tumoral cells. The fusiform cells of angioma origin that are stimulated by cancerous conditioned medium, are responsible for secretion of the neomatrix which plays a role in "in vitro metastasis".
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PMID:Angioma fusiform cells stimulated by conditioned medium from melanoma cells secrete a neomatrix which plays a role in "in vitro metastasis". 177 23

Technetium-d, HMPAO SPECT was performed in 70 patients suffering from intracerebral tumors of various histologic types (glioma n = 30, meningioma n = 19, metastases n = 10, angioma n = 3, neuroma n = 2, lymphoma n = 2, neurocytoma n = 1, epidermoid n = 1, gliosis n = 1, cholesteatoma n = 1). Tumor classification was histologically verified in all subjects except in two cases with inoperable angiomas. SPECT was performed under resting state conditions with a dual-head rotating camera (SIEMENS ZLC 37) following intravenous injection of 18-25 mCi 99mTc-d, 1-HMPAO. Regional tracer deposit was expressed in terms of a cerebellar index (CBI). Significantly higher regional HMPAO uptake was found in meningiomas when compared with gliomas of different malignancy (ANOVA p less than 0.05). Within gliomas, regional uptake increased with malignancy (n.s.). In 23 patients, a total of 32 tumor specimens were obtained for histochemical analysis of glutathione (GSH) content using high-pressure liquid chromatography. A significant correlation (least square method, p less than 0.001) between CBIs and GSH values was found, supporting the hypothesis that GSH is the predominant factor for the conversion of the lipophilic complex to hydrophilic derivates.
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PMID:Technetium-99m-d,1-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) uptake and glutathione content in brain tumors. 188 May 68

This report concerns 172 patients with sonographically diagnosed benign and malignant splenic lesions. A variety of echopatterns was observed, but a differential diagnosis was often impossible without contributory clinical data. Thirteen patients underwent ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy for histological confirmation or therapy. In 14 cases splenectomy was performed for treatment or final diagnosis. Twenty-three patients had malignant space-occupying lesions of the spleen. 26 cases presented with normal splenic size, 47 showed splenomegaly of different extent. Lymphoma was the main basic illness in 60 patients. Thirteen cases presented with splenic metastases from other neoplasms. 71 malignant splenic lesions were hypoechoic when compared with normal splenic echotexture. Only two patients exhibited hyperechoic metastases. In three cases a 'halo' sign was seen. In 99 patients benign focal lesions of the spleen were diagnosed. These included splenic infarction (n = 36), dysontogenetic cysts (n = 23), splenic abscesses (n = 7), splenic calcification (n = 13), and hyperechoic lesions (n = 17) most probably representing splenic hemangioma.
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PMID:Splenic lesions: sonographic patterns, follow-up, differential diagnosis. 188 32

Posterior scleritis is an often misdiagnosed disease of the eye. Mainly it appears in elderly women and tends to be recurrent. Symptoms leading to diagnosis are swelling of the eye lids, a red eye, disturbances of the motility and protrusio bulbi. In rare cases you find exudative choroidal or retinal detachment, edema of the macula, or the optic nerve head, and secondary angle closure glaucoma. Often posterior scleritis is associated with general illness as herpes zoster, mixed connective tissue diseases, or Boeck's disease. Differential diagnosis are choroidal tumors as for example, melanoma, hemangioma, and metastases. The typical uveal effusion can also be caused by an arterio-venous fistula, panretinal photocoagulation, buckling procedure for retinal detachment, and by intraocular surgery in general. Especially cyclitis anularis pseudotumorosa has to be considered and shut out. Most important diagnostical means are ultrasound, and CT-scan. The underlying case describes an 81 years old woman that presented with acute angle closure glaucoma, and exudative choroidal detachment of the right eye. The ultrasound and CT-scan investigations confirmed the diagnosis of scleritis posterior. The acute angle closure glaucoma, and the choroidal detachment regressed immediately under the treatment with steroids given locally and systemically. There was no impact of miotics and peripheral iridectomy which both could not avoid recurrence of angle closure glaucoma.
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PMID:[Secondary angle-block glaucoma in posterior scleritis]. 189 39

In vitro cancer studies require models more appropriate than the standard monolayer cultures of tumoral cell lines. This report describes the production of an in vitro three-dimensional rebuilt tumor using a non-hodgkin malignant lymphoma. The model exploits the relationship between angiogenesis and cancer formation by employing both tumor cells and fusiform cells derived from an angioma. The significance of this model, which has also been used with malignant melanoma cells, is that the rebuilt tumor, when placed in culture, produces many tumorous nodules which are fixed to a sub-layer of fusiform cells and newly-secreted matrix. These are, in effect, in vitro metastases. The ultrastructural aspect of this neomatrix indicates its proteoglycan nature. The micro-environment formed by the vascular cells and matrix appears to be critical for the production of metastases.
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PMID:[Three-dimensional model of cancer and in vitro metastasis: application to non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma]. 191 48

A rare false-positive red blood cell scintigram occurred in a 49-year-old woman with two metastases from a primary adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon. Although the blood flow and static planar images were unremarkable, a 1-hour postinjection SPECT study showed a focus of increased activity in the inferior right lobe and a second photopenic focus in the dome. Following a trisegmentectomy, pathologic examination revealed the two metastases with no evidence of a hepatic hemangioma. Microscopy, however, showed a discrete area of nonspecific reactive changes (focal sinusoidal dilation and congestion) immediately adjacent to teh metastasis in the inferior right lobe. It is postulated that the SPECT focus of increased activity occurred secondary to the labeled blood pool within the area of sinusoidal dilation, rather than within the adjacent metastasis.
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PMID:False-positive hepatic blood pool scintigraphy in metastatic colon carcinoma. 193 23


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