Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The chicken chorioallantoic membrane was used to select variant tumor cell subpopulations from the murine melanoma B16-BL6 and the rat glioma C6 cell lines. Tumor cells were deposited on the chicken chorioallantoic membrane of eggs 10 days postfertilization. Upon hatching, chickens were autopsied, and organs were removed, minced, and implanted s.c. in C57BL/6J mice (for melanoma) or nude mice (for glioma). A glioma growing s.c. from a chicken lung implant metastasized to the liver of the recipient nude mouse, and a melanoma growing s.c. from a chicken liver implant metastasized to the lung of its murine host. The s.c. melanoma contained distinct black and gray areas. Cell lines were established from the s.c. glioma (C6-V-1), from a metastasis of the C6-V-1 tumor (C6-V-2), and from the black and gray regions of the melanoma. Marked differences in lung colonization were seen 14 days after 1 X 10(5) parent BL6, Black, or Gray cultured cells were injected by tail vein into C57BL mice. In four separate experiments, fewer than 15 lung foci per mouse were found when BL6 cells were injected, whereas 100 to several hundred lung melanoma colonies per mouse were observed when Black or Gray cells were inoculated. Four of 18 nude mice bearing the s.c. C6-V-1 glioma developed liver metastases; no metastases have been observed in 15 nude mice bearing the s.c. parent C6 glioma. Significant differences in sensitivities to antineoplastic drugs were demonstrated between parent and variant glioma cell lines. The 33-fold increase in sensitivity to vincristine determined for C6-V-1 cells compared to parent C6 cells was particularly striking. Results suggest that the use of the chicken chorioallantoic membrane in situ, together with the nude mouse, might provide a method suitable for the selection and isolation of aggressive variants in heterogeneous human tumors.
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PMID:Selection of metastatic variants from heterogeneous tumor cell lines using the chicken chorioallantoic membrane and nude mouse. 683 18

Several human cell lines (normal and neoplastic glia, cerebral metastases from adenocarcinoma, fibroblasts) were incubated with sera from patients with well and poorly differentiated glioma and with sera from healthy donors and then stained with PAP complex to define and localize the antibody reaction with cell surface antigens by means of electron microscopy. The sera of glioma patients proved to contain antibodies which bound the tumor-associated antigenic determinants on the cell membranes of gliomas and of cerebral metastases from adenocarcinoma in tissue cultures. Further, absorption testing of the reactive sera on normal brain, well-differentiated astrocytoma and cultured glioblastoma cells, together with cross-reactivity experiments suggests that at least two antigens or groups of antigens are expressed on the glioma cell surface: one shared by well and poorly differentiated glioma cells and the other by poorly differentiated glioma cells and the cells of cerebral metastases from adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Electron-microscopic visualization of binding of antibodies from sera of glioma patients on cultured glioma cells. 683 74

Two cases of intracranial gliomas with extraneural metastases are described. Case 1, studied with biopsy material only, was a left malignant astrocytoma from the area of the rolandic fissure with right cervical lymph nodes metastases in a 43-year-old man. Case 2 was a left temporal malignant astrocytoma in a 21-year-old woman. Fifteen days after craniotomy, a left submandibular lymph node metastasis appeared. Forty days after surgery, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was performed. Fifty-four days after surgery, the patient died. Autopsy revealed three liver metastases. Our review of the literature consists of 72 autopsy cases with extraneural deposits. Thos metastases occurred mainly in adults (63/72) and among men (46/72). The primary glioma was supratentorial in 67 cases. Metastases were mainly pulmonary and pleural. The majority of patients (82.8%) died within 2 years after onset of symptoms. In 8 of the cases, metastasis developed without any craniotomy and in 8 other cases, through a shunt.
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PMID:Extraneural metastases of astrocytomas and glioblastomas: clinicopathological study of two cases and review of literature. 698 26

This review analyzes 12,785 cases of pathologically confirmed brain tumors from three published subseries in the People's Republic of China (PRC). No major differences among these series (from different geographical locations) were found. The incidence of glioma was lower in the PRC than in the West, but higher than in Japan; the incidence of meningioma in the PRC was close to that reported from Japan, but lower than that in the West. In the PRC, neurinomas and pituitary adenomas were more frequent than in the West or Japan, and dysembryoplastic tumors seemed to be much more common than in the West or Japan. Metastasis of breast carcinoma to the brain was rare in the PRC. According to a statistical study of 4,059 cases, there were more brain tumors in males than in females (ratio, 1.7:1). Children compose 19% of the series, and elderly patients (over 55 years old) constitute 2.8%.
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PMID:Brain tumors in the People's Republic of China: a statistical review. 705 73

Transplanted lines of seven F-344 (Fischer) rat malignant gliomas induced transplacentally with ethylnitrosourea (ENU) were surveyed by in vivo immunoprotection assays for the presence of tumour rejection antigens. These gliomas were representative of commonplace histological types of human primary brain tumours and were analyzed in early transplantation passages. The classical tumour ligation method of immunizing animals was attempted with five glioma lines, but was found unusable in four of these because of a high incidence of local tumour recurrences and distant metastases. In most experiments the animals were immunized by repeated inoculations of heavily-irradiated tumour cells. Two gliomas, a glioblastoma multiforms and a mixed astrocytoma-ependymoma, demonstrated weak but statistically significant tumour rejection responses. Immunization with three other tumours, a mixed oligodendroglioma-astrocytoma and two glioblastomas multiforme, led to enhanced outgrowth of the challenge cell inocula. Neither a rejection nor an enhancement response was observed in assays of the remaining two neoplasms, a glioblastoma multiforme and a mixed astrocytoma-oligodendroglioma. Immunization with a 3-methylcholanthrene-induced urinary bladder carcinoma line, used as a control in assays of six gliomas, had no effect on the outgrowth of transplanted glioma cells. These results suggest that ENU-induced malignant rat gliomas do not uniformly elicit strong tumour-rejection responses in vivo.
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PMID:A survey of ethylnitrosourea-induced rat gliomas for the presence of tumour rejection antigens expressed in vivo. 723 38

A series of 11 patients with multiple glioma foci is reported with emphasis upon isotope brain scan, angiography, and CT findings; autopsy data is available in 8 cases. In many patients it was necessary to combine the results of several diagnostic techniques in order to demonstrate all the foci proven at autopsy. Thus, the desirability of combining diagnostic techniques in the investigation of glioma patients must be stressed. In spite of this approach, however, multiple metastases and the various types of multiple gliomas are often indistinguishable from each other by current diagnostic techniques.
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PMID:Diagnostic and pathomorphological aspects of glioma multiplicity. 727 28

There is a renewed interest in positron emission tomography (PET) using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) since the development of large field of view cameras and the capability of regional distribution of 18FDG. This method may help solve three types of problems in clinical oncology: tumor diagnosis and extension assessment, prediction of treatment response and follow-up (diagnosis of recurrences and complications). The aim of this paper is to review the literature in this field. This technique is mostly used for brain, lung, rectal and breast tumors as well as for sarcomas. It is possible to diagnose an anaplastic transformation of a low grade glioma since 18FDG uptake correlates with the histological grade. 18FDG plays another important role in the evaluation of the brain tumor response to treatment and of the secondary effects or sequelae of this treatment. This technique is also useful in breast carcinomas: diagnosis in the case of a dense breast, detection of lymph nodes or other metastases which could modify the strategy. One of the most established roles of 18FDG PET is the diagnosis of rectal tumor recurrences. Furthermore, future results will probably confirm its usefulness in lung carcinoma, for the diagnosis and for treatment evaluation. Lastly, it plays an important role in soft tissue sarcomas at all stages of diagnosis and treatment. The results of the literature still have to be completed. However, if the capability of predicting tumor response to treatment is confirmed, this method will play an important role in patient management and will modify treatment strategies.
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PMID:[Positron-emission tomography: role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) imaging in oncology]. 749 17

The use of superdelayed thallium-201 single photon emission computed tomography (201Tl SPECT) for differentiating malignant gliomas from cerebral metastases was investigated in 23 patients (7 with meningioma, 6 with glioma, 7 with cerebral metastasis, 1 with each of neurinoma, abscess, and necrosis). 4 mCi of 201Tl was injected intravenously, and gamma camera scans were performed after 10 minutes and 4, 24, 72, and 96 hours (superdelayed scan). The mean thallium index of meningiomas was significantly higher than those of gliomas and cerebral metastases after 10 minutes, while the mean thallium indices of meningiomas and gliomas were significantly higher than those of cerebral metastases after 96 hours. The combination of early and superdelayed 201Tl SPECT may be useful in differentiating malignant gliomas from cerebral metastases.
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PMID:Differentiation of malignant glioma and metastatic brain tumor by thallium-201 single photon emission computed tomography. 752 48

Neuropathy of the trigeminal nerve can involve its full course, from its nuclei in the brain stem to its peripheral branches. The nerve can be divided into four segments--brain stem, cistern, the Meckel cave and cavernous sinus, and extracranial--and consideration of the pathologic entities by these locations simplifies the differential diagnosis. Multiple sclerosis, infarct, and glioma are the most common abnormalities in the brain stem leading to trigeminal neuropathy. The most common cisternal cause is neurovascular compression, followed by acoustic and trigeminal schwannomas, meningiomas, epidermoid cysts, lipomas, and metastases. Trigeminal neuropathy arising from the Meckel cave and cavernous sinus is frequently due to meningiomas, trigeminal schwannomas, epidermoid cysts, metastases, pituitary adenomas, and aneurysms. Malignant tumors, which may demonstrate perineural tumor spread, are the most common extracranial cause. Because the clinical findings do not permit accurate lesion localization, magnetic resonance imaging must be used to visualize the entire course of the fifth cranial nerve. The standard study should include T2-weighted images of the whole brain and high-resolution axial and coronal T1-weighted images of the skull base obtained with and without contrast material enhancement.
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PMID:Trigeminal neuropathy: evaluation with MR imaging. 756 30

Recent discoveries of endogenous negative regulators of angiogenesis, thrombospondin, angiostatin and glioma-derived angiogenesis inhibitory factor, all associated with neovascularized tumours, suggest a new paradigm of tumorigenesis. It is now helpful to think of the switch to the angiogenic phenotype as a net balance of positive and negative regulators of blood vessel growth. The extent to which the negative regulators are decreased during this switch may dictate whether a primary tumour grows rapidly or slowly and whether metastases grow at all.
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PMID:Angiogenesis in cancer, vascular, rheumatoid and other disease. 758 49


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