Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alpha and beta interferon were tested for antitumor activity and clinical toxicity in 15 children suffering from cancer. The drug was administered IV, IM, IT or intralesionally daily in the majority of cases in total doses of 18 X 10(6) to 9,634 X 10(5) IU. Major toxicities were a flulike syndrome, elevation of transaminase activity and leukopenia. A minor response (less than 50%) was observed in one patient with glioblastoma, treated by intrathecal administration, and an objective local response was noted in one rhabdomyosarcoma patient with multiple subcutaneous metastases, who was treated by intralesional administration. CNS leukemia in two patients improved without hematological response. Further trials are warranted.
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PMID:[Clinical experience with alpha and beta interferon in childhood cancer]. 659 60

A 24-year-old female complained of headache and vomiting. The brain-CT scan demonstrated a tumor shadow in the right cerebellar hemisphere. The tumor was partially resected, and irradiation therapy was started. She died of intraventricular hemorrhage about 6 months after the onset of symptoms. Autopsy revealed a recurrent tumor mass in the cerebellum extending to the brain stem. It showed systemic metastases to the leptomeninx, liver, bones and ovaries. Histological examination showed a tumor which was a primarily composed of typical medulloblastoma cells with occasional Homer-Wright type rosettes. It partly showed glioblastoma-like configuration. Some tumor cells were positive for GFAP by the PAP method, suggesting glial differentiation.
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PMID:[Autopsy case of atypical medulloblastoma in an adult]. 666 12

Several human cell lines (normal and neoplastic glia, cerebral metastases from adenocarcinoma, fibroblasts) were incubated with sera from patients with well and poorly differentiated glioma and with sera from healthy donors and then stained with PAP complex to define and localize the antibody reaction with cell surface antigens by means of electron microscopy. The sera of glioma patients proved to contain antibodies which bound the tumor-associated antigenic determinants on the cell membranes of gliomas and of cerebral metastases from adenocarcinoma in tissue cultures. Further, absorption testing of the reactive sera on normal brain, well-differentiated astrocytoma and cultured glioblastoma cells, together with cross-reactivity experiments suggests that at least two antigens or groups of antigens are expressed on the glioma cell surface: one shared by well and poorly differentiated glioma cells and the other by poorly differentiated glioma cells and the cells of cerebral metastases from adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Electron-microscopic visualization of binding of antibodies from sera of glioma patients on cultured glioma cells. 683 74

Transplanted lines of seven F-344 (Fischer) rat malignant gliomas induced transplacentally with ethylnitrosourea (ENU) were surveyed by in vivo immunoprotection assays for the presence of tumour rejection antigens. These gliomas were representative of commonplace histological types of human primary brain tumours and were analyzed in early transplantation passages. The classical tumour ligation method of immunizing animals was attempted with five glioma lines, but was found unusable in four of these because of a high incidence of local tumour recurrences and distant metastases. In most experiments the animals were immunized by repeated inoculations of heavily-irradiated tumour cells. Two gliomas, a glioblastoma multiforms and a mixed astrocytoma-ependymoma, demonstrated weak but statistically significant tumour rejection responses. Immunization with three other tumours, a mixed oligodendroglioma-astrocytoma and two glioblastomas multiforme, led to enhanced outgrowth of the challenge cell inocula. Neither a rejection nor an enhancement response was observed in assays of the remaining two neoplasms, a glioblastoma multiforme and a mixed astrocytoma-oligodendroglioma. Immunization with a 3-methylcholanthrene-induced urinary bladder carcinoma line, used as a control in assays of six gliomas, had no effect on the outgrowth of transplanted glioma cells. These results suggest that ENU-induced malignant rat gliomas do not uniformly elicit strong tumour-rejection responses in vivo.
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PMID:A survey of ethylnitrosourea-induced rat gliomas for the presence of tumour rejection antigens expressed in vivo. 723 38

Just as the average value of the attenuation coefficient can be represented by the brightness of the pixel, the energy structure of the attenuation coefficient determines its hue. This can be measured by filtering the x-ray beam with W, Pb, and Sn at 100, 120, adn 140 kVp, respectively. The color differences seen in (a) CT images of phantom materials such as iodine and calcium, (b) brain specimens containing hemorrhage, meningioma, glioblastoma, or metastases, and (c) preliminary in vivo head and body scans represent variations in chemical composition across the tissue section. Measurements show that energy-selective filtration increases the separation between effective energies while reducing the dose for the same number of transmitted x rays.
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PMID:Increased tissue differentiation using color display of multiple-energy CT scans. 735 28

Extracranial metastasis of glioblastoma is rare. This is an autopsy case report of a patient with glioblastoma multiforme found to have metastasized to the liver. A 42-year-old woman was admitted with a chief complaint of headache. Physical and neurological examinations on admission showed no abnormalities. CT and MRI demonstrated a tumor in the left parietooccipital region with invasion into the subependymal area of the left lateral ventricular trig-one. A cerebral angiogram showed tumor staining in the same area. Subtotal tumor resection was performed uneventfully. The microscopic diagnosis was glioblastoma multiforme. Postoperatively, the patient underwent whole brain and local irradiation, and intra-arterial ACNU infusion therapy. One month later, she developed low back pain, probably due to spinal dissemination. Postmortem examination showed local recurrence of the tumor and subarachnoidal dissemination not only in the base of the skull but in the lower spinal cord. Tumor was also observed in the liver, but no lung or lymph node metastasis was detected. Metastasis to the liver in this patient is believed to have occurred via the anastomosis between the vertebral and portal venous system.
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PMID:[Glioblastoma multiforme with liver metastasis--case report]. 754 23

Models for hematogenous spread of human cancer to the central nervous system (CNS) were established by injecting human tumor cells into the internal carotid artery of nude rats. With 4 out of 10 cell lines, belonging to four different tumor types, metastases developed in all injected animals. Tumor growth manifested clinically as neurological symptoms which appeared after a median latency ranging from 19-87 days for the different tumors. The H-146 and DMS-273 small cell lung cancers and the LOX melanoma almost exclusively gave meningeal tumors, whereas with FEMX-I melanoma cells bone metastases in the skull dominated. For these tumor types a correlation was found between the capacity for experimental metastasis formation and the s.c. tumorigenicity. In agreement with clinical experience, none of the 2 sarcoma and 2 glioblastoma lines gave CNS metastases. With a modified microsurgical technique, allowing for repeated ipsilateral intracarotid injections, we analyzed the drug concentrations obtained in tumor and surrounding brain tissue after i.v. treatment with doxorubicin. The concentration in the LOX tumor reached therapeutic levels and was approximately 100 x higher than in normal brain tissue, both with and without intraarterial pretreatment with arabinose. In the same model, the tissue concentrations of 9.2.27-abrin immunotoxin 10 min after intracarotid injection were examined. Although the levels were low, a tumor to brain concentration ratio of up to 9 was achieved. The data demonstrate that clinically relevant tumor models can be established with the techniques described, and these models may successfully be used to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and effect of intravenous or intraarterial therapy.
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PMID:Nude rat models for human tumor metastasis to CNS. Procedures for intracarotid delivery of cancer cells and drugs. 769 16

Degradation of the extracellular matrix is a prerequisite for acquisition of the invasive phenotype. Several proteinases released by invading tumor cells appear to participate in the focal degradation of extracellular matrix proteins. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, enzymatic assays, Western and Northern blotting techniques, we determined whether increased levels of the cysteine protease cathepsin B correlated with the progression and invasion of human gliomas. The amount of cathepsin B activity and protein content were highest in glioblastomas, lower in anaplastic astrocytomas and lowest in normal brain tissue and low-grade gliomas. There were significantly higher amounts of M(r) 25,000 and 26,000 bands in glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma than in normal brain and low-grade glioma tissue extracts as determined by Western blotting with anti-cathepsin antibodies. In addition, cathepsin B transcripts were overexpressed in anaplastic astrocytoma (about two- to three-fold), in glioblastoma (about eight- to 10-fold), compared with normal brain tissue and low-grade glioma. Immunohistochemical staining for cathepsin B showed intense immunoreactivity in tumor and endothelial cells of glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas but only weak immunoreactivity in low-grade glioma and normal brain tissues. Therefore, we conclude that cathepsin B expression is greatest in highly malignant astrocytomas, especially in glioblastomas, and is correlated with the malignant progression of astrocytomas.
Clin Exp Metastasis 1995 Jan
PMID:Overexpression and localization of cathepsin B during the progression of human gliomas. 782 Sep 56

Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are negative regulators of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) which degrade major components of the extracellular matrix. The aberrant expression of TIMPs is believed to represent an important modulating factor in the invasive capacity of human tumors. In the present study we analyzed the expression of TIMPs in human brain tumor tissue samples by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by Northern blotting analysis. Quantitation of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 by ELISA demonstrated low levels of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 proteins in glioblastomas, and moderate levels in anaplastic astrocytomas compared with normal brain tissues low-grade gliomas and metastatic tumors (renal and breast carcinomas and melanomas). Northern blot analysis of TIMP-1 transcripts demonstrated higher expression in meningioma, normal brain tissues and other metastatic tumors than in anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma. Two distinct transcripts of 1.0 and 3.5 kb were observed for TIMP-2 mRNA in normal brain tissue and in tumor extracts. In addition, TIMP-2 mRNA expression was lower in glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma than in meningioma, normal brain tissues and metastatic tumors. These findings suggest that down-regulation of both TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 contributes significantly to the invasive potential of human glioblastoma multiforme and anaplastic astrocytomas.
Clin Exp Metastasis 1995 Jan
PMID:Expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases: negative regulators of human glioblastoma invasion in vivo. 782 Sep 57

Nucleolar-related features were quantified in toluidin blue-stained smears from 36 brain tumors in order to improve our knowledge of the nucleolar frequency, size and margination. It was observed that low-grade astrocytic tumors had high percentages of nucleolated cells but the nucleoli were mostly single with maximum nucleolar diameter smaller than 2.00 microns. The percentages of marginated nucleoli were also low, ranging between 3.00% and 30.00% (only one case had a higher percentage). The high-grade tumors, i.e. anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas, did not significantly differ from low-grade astrocytomas in their percentages of nucleolated nuclei, but they showed a higher number of nuclei having three or more nucleoli and the mean nucleolar diameter was in general bigger than 2.00 microns. Glioblastomas had marginated nucleoli much more frequently than anaplastic astrocytomas, the percentage in all but one case being higher than 30.00%. The percentage of marginated nucleoli was much higher in glioblastomas than in metastases, while the nucleoli were bigger in the latter group. A wide range of values for most of the nucleolar-associated parameters was observed in the remaining non-astrocytic brain tumors. Our results, showing differences in nuclear number, size and margination in different brain tumors, lead us to consider it worthwhile to investigate nucleolar-related features and their relationships using a quantitative approach.
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PMID:Quantitative evaluation of nucleolar features on cytologic material in brain tumor diagnosis. 785 Oct 47


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