Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Among 600 necropsy cases of prostatic carcinoma metastases were found in 425 (70,8%). Solitary metastasis was found in 11 cases only, in the rest multiple metastases were observed. The most frequent site of metastases were lymph nodes (42,7%), bone (29,6%), liver (19,8%), lungs (14,5%), pleura (9,2%). Bone metastases were most frequently osteoplastic, localized mainly in the vertebral column (19,7% of all carcinomas), pelvic bones (8,5%), ribs (8,5%). In 4 out of 118 cases of metastases to the vertebral column, a pathologic fracture was observed, this being much rarer than in metastases of a clear-cell carcinoma of the kidney (11,1%) when metastases are generally osteolytic.
 ...
PMID:[Metastases of prostatic cancer]. 407 49

The article reports on 11 patients with metastases in the femoral shaft. In 5 patients, a pathological fracture had occurred, whereas in 6 patients the femur, which was liable to fracture, was prophylactically stabilised by means of the femoral shaft nail. Eight of these patients were able to walk after the operation, whereas 4 patients died after an average period of 19 weeks following surgery of their primary diseases. The method employed in these cases was of a palliative nature, resulting in considerable relief from pain, improved ability to walk, and hence in an improvement of the quality of life of these patients.
 ...
PMID:[Results of stabilisation in pathologic fractures in the femoral shaft region by nailing (author's transl)]. 611 2

Two hundred eighty-three pathologic fractures and 23 impending fractures of the hip and femur were analyzed and compared after surgical treatment. One hundred ninety-six fractures were treated by internal fixation or prosthetic replacement and the adjunctive use of methylmethacrylate, and 110 were treated by surgery without the use of methylmethacrylate. Pain relief, ambulatory activities and survival rates were all enhanced in the methylmethacrylate group. The six failures of fixation in the nonacrylic group might have been prevented by the use of bone cement. Breast carcinoma was the most common metastasis, comprising 56% of the series. Kidney metastases, when treated aggressively, showed many long-term survivors. Lung metastases gave the worst prognoses. The overall series survival rates were 59% at six months and 48% at 12 months. The incidence of complications including infection were not related to the use of methylmethacrylate or preoperative radiation. Although many authors have reported the advantages of methylmethacrylate in stabilization of pathological fractures, none have compared the results by analyzing pain relief, ambulatory ability and survival times in those treated with and without bone cement. This study appears to clearly indicate that methylmethacrylate enhances the stability of the pathological fracture and contributes to achieving the goals of treatment in these severely compromised patients.
 ...
PMID:The pathology and treatment of metastatic disease of the femur. 617 83

Pathological fracture and metastatic bone disease without pulmonary metastases were the presenting features in three patients ultimately found to have primary hepatocellular carcinoma. In one case immunoperoxidase staining of bone scrapings for alpha-fetoprotein secreting cells contributed directly to the diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:Pathological fracture, bone metastases and primary hepatocellular carcinoma. 620 76

Malignant fibrous histocytomas (MFHs) were induced by a single injection of 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide (4-HAQO) into periosseous tissue of the tibia or by inserting solid 4-HAQO into the bone marrow of the tibia of male Fischer 344 rats. Periosseous MFHs were induced by doses of 2 mg and 4 mg of 4-HAQO per rat in three of 13 (23%) rats and nine of 13 (69%) rats, respectively, at 18 to 27 weeks after treatment. Bone MFHs were induced by doses of 2 mg, 4 mg, and 8 mg of 4-HAQO per rat in one of 15 (7%) rats, 11 of 18 (61%) rats, and 12 of 14 (86%) rats, respectively, after 18 to 29 weeks. Radiologic examination of bone MFH revealed bone destruction with or without a periosteal reaction, pathologic fracture, and tumor invasion into periosseous soft tissue. The serum alkaline phosphatase levels were elevated in rats with bone MFHs. Histologically, these MFHs were divided into fibrous, giant cell, myxoid, and inflammatory types. The incidence of fibrous MFHs was highest. Lung and inguinal and/or retroperitoneal lymph node metastases were observed in some rats, and these were of the fibrous type. These MFHs were quite similar to those in humans histologically and electron microscopically. This work establishes an animal model for studying the pathogenesis of bone MFH.
 ...
PMID:Experimental studies on malignant fibrous histiocytomas in rats. I. Production of malignant fibrous histiocytomas by 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide in bone of Fischer 344 strain rats. 629 21

An experimental model has been developed in which the effects of a pathological fracture and intramedullary nailing on metastatic spread have been investigated. The endpoint used was the production of lung metastases in rats inoculated intracortically with a rhabdomyosarcoma. We have found that a pathological fracture markedly increases the incidence of lung metastases and that intramedullary nailing, by decreasing the incidence of fractures, decreases the incidence of lung metastases. The surgical procedure itself does not increase the incidence significantly. It is concluded that in metastatic disease prophylactic nailing of an impending pathological fracture is the treatment of choice.
Clin Exp Metastasis
PMID:The influence of intramedullary nailing upon the development of metastases in the treatment of an impending pathological fracture: an experimental study. 654 99

In 123 cancer patients with metastatic disease, 129 pathologic fractures of long bones were assessed to determine the rate of osseous union. Bony healing was observed in 67% of malignant fractures from multiple myeloma, in 44% of fractures secondary to metastatic hypernephroma, and in 37% of neoplastic fractures from breast carcinoma. No patient with a pathologic fracture secondary to lung carcinoma demonstrated bony repair, and none of these patients lived for more than six months after fracture. The overall fracture healing rate for the entire study population was 35%. In the group that survived longer than six months, 74% of fractures united. A life expectancy of longer than six months was the primary factor determining osseous healing in all patients. A total radiotherapy dose of 3000 rad or less did not inhibit callus formation. Internal fixation improved the rate of fracture union by 23% as compared with cast immobilization.
 ...
PMID:Fracture healing in metastatic bone disease. 688 64

A case of pathologic fracture of a mandibular condyle due to a primary adenocarcinoma of the rectum is presented. This is the first reported case of a secondary adenocarcinoma from the rectum to this site. Secondary metastases to the condyles are extremely rare. Only twelve have been reported in the literature. The primary tumor was from an unknown site in three cases (anaplastic adenocarcinoma); from the breast in four; and from the lung, liver, prostate, uterus, and hallux (a malignant melonama) in the remainder. Only of these tumors presented as a condylar fracture, and that was from a primary breast adenocarcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Pathologic fracture of mandibular condyle due to carcinoma of the rectum. 695 Mar 42

Metastases involving the pelvis and lower extremities are common among the large population of cancer patients presently treated by hormonal or chemotherapy. The use of methylmethacrylate as an adjunct to conventional fracture fixation has improved markedly the results of pathological fracture management. Intertrochanteric femoral fractures should be internally fixed by a combination of a compression hip screw and methylmethacrylate. Subtrochanteric pathological fractures should be internally fixed using a Zickel nail and methylmethacrylate. Pathologic fractures of the femoral neck should be treated by replacement with a long-stem proximal femoral prosthesis. Fractures of the acetabulum must be analyzed as to the extent of medial wall or superior wall osteolysis. Prosthetic hip replacement is appropriate for these fractures but must be augmented by specialized fixation devices, depending on the extent of tumor osteolysis. The indications for prophylactic fixation of lytic lesions of the femur include: (1) a lesion 2.5 cm or larger in size; (2) a lesion destroying 50% or more of the femoral cortex; and (3) a lesion causing local pain with weight-bearing despite adequate radiotherapy. Local radiotherapy can be administered in an abbreviated interval and with much lower dosage than has been accepted conventionally, and the results with regard to tumor control, fracture healing, and cost to the patient will be much improved.
 ...
PMID:New trends in the management of lower extremity metastases. 710 90

An experimental model was developed to study the effects of a pathologic fracture and intramedullary nailing on metastatic spread. The end point used was the production of lung metastases in rats inoculated intracortically with a rat rhabdomyosarcoma. We found that a pathologic fracture markedly increases the incidence of lung metastases and that intramedullary nailing, by decreasing the incidence of fractures, decreases this incidence. The surgical procedure itself does not increase the incidence significantly. It is concluded that in metastatic disease prophylactic nailing of an impending pathologic fracture is the treatment of choice.
 ...
PMID:The influence of intramedullary nailing on the development of metastases in the treatment of an impending pathologic fracture: an experimental study. 713 78


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>