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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Curative resection is impossible in most patients with carcinoma of the esophagus or malignant tracheoesophageal fistulas, because of local tumor invasion or distant metastases. Optimal palliative therapy in these patients should relieve dysphagia and aspiration and restore the ability to swallow comfortably. This report describes a technique for palliation of carcinoma of the esophagus with a substernal gastric bypass after exclusion of the thoracic exophagus with the GIA surgical stapler. The results of this procedure in 10 patients with advanced malignant disease are discussed. Although postoperative morbidity and mortality rates were high, the quality of life achieved with this method of palliation was gratifying. Substernal gastric bypass of the excluded thoracic esophagus is an effective alternative to feeding tubes, prolonged radiation therapy, esophagogastrectomy, or colon bypass in patients with incurable, malignant esophageal disease.
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PMID:Substernal gastric bypass of the excluded thoracic esophagus for palliation of esophageal carcinoma. 5 64

The present report is that of a 40-year-old woman admitted with hematemesis and epigastric pain. Endoscopy revealed a fungating mass in the lower esophagus. Esophageal brushing revealed clustered and single malignant cells with ample cytoplasm, large bizarre nuclei and prominent, irregular nucleoli; the chromatin was irregular with clumping at the nuclear borders. Giant multinucleated malignant cells were numerous. These cells had nuclear molding and abundant acidophilic cytoplasm. Autopsy findings included a large tumor in the lower esophagus and metastases to lung, liver and kidneys. Microscopically, the fungating esophageal tumor and metastases were composed of cyto- and syncytiotrophoblastic elements. Choriocarcinoma of the esophagus is a rarity, and only two cases were found in the literature. The diagnosis, however, can be achieved by brush biopsy since the characteristic cyto- and syncytiotrophoblastic cells can be readily identified, provided that the possibility of this ectopic occurrence is recognized.
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PMID:Choriocarcinoma of the esophagus: histologic and cytologic findings. A case report. 28 54

Esophageal carcinomas were induced in three of five rabbits given 0.25% N-methylbenzylamine and 0.16% NaNO2 in their drinking water. The three rabbits with carcinoma had consumed more than 94 g of NaNO2 and had survived for more than 536 experimental days. The esophageal carcinomas were a slightly elevated type, and no polypoid lesions were seen. They were classified histologically as squamous cell carcinomas or adenosquamous carcinomas, or both. No metastases were found. The other two of the five rabbits died early in the experiment before any esophageal carcinoma had developed.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the esophagus of rabbits induced with N-methyl-benzylamine and sodium nitrite. 59 52

Esophageal carcinomas in two cats are described. The main clinical sign was regurgitation of food and fluids. Radiographic examination revealed severe esophageal abnormalities in both cats. In the second cat, the radiographic appearance of the esophagus together with the esophagoscopic findings provided a presumptive diagnosis of neoplasia. Histologic examination in both cats revealed squamous cell carcinoma with metastases.
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PMID:Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in two cats. 70 48

Three 6-month-old male beagle dogs were given a solution of 150 microng N-ethyl-N'-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG)/ml to drink ad libitum for 9 months. They all developed esophageal squamous cell carcinomas and gastric adenocarcinomas. The stomach adenocarcinomas were mostly in the antrum along the lesser curvature and were either well differentiated or poorly differentiated, with or without signet ring cells. The well-differentiated adenocarcinomas metastasized to the liver, and the poorly differentiated ones metastasized to the lymph nodes. The gastric mucosa in the antrum was atrophic, and the muscularis mucosae was fibrotic. Esophageal lesions were multicentric moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, and they developed without diffuse hyperplastic changes of the epithelium. One dog with a large ulcerated carcinoma of the esophagus had metastases in the lung, liver, peritoneum, and abdominal lymph nodes. One dog also had a hemangiosarcoma with hepatic metastasis and spindle cell sarcoma in the stomach and duodenum, respectively.
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PMID:Esophageal and gastric cancers with metastases induced in dogs by N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. 86 55

Esophageal carcinomas are visualized endosonographically as localized thickenings of the gullet wall with disruption of its echo-layers. The pT-stage is correctly assessed by endosonography in 84% (73-92%). In up to 20% overstaging in the early phases may be caused by accompanying inflammation. The sensitivity for diagnosing local lymph node metastases is 80% (69-90%). The method is well suited for monitoring the course during radio-chemotherapy and for detection of a relapse after operation. At the present time endosonography is the most efficient method in the locoregional staging of esophageal carcinomas. Especially in early tumor stages pT1 and pT2 it is clearly superior to computed tomography. In advanced stages (pT4) in up to 40% of cases marked tumor stenosis, that cannot be passed with the ultrasonic probe, prevents endosonographic staging. However, despite its excellent detail resolution the etiology of a circumscribed wall thickening cannot be determined with absolute accuracy by intraluminal sonography. Based on the echo-pattern inflammatory alterations and scar tissue cannot be definitely distinguished from malignant tumors.
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PMID:[Endoscopic sonography in esophageal cancer]. 140 13

Esophageal carcinoma models were created by transplanting VX2 cells to rabbit esophagus endoscopically. By injecting finely divided activated charcoal into normal rabbit esophagus and tumor sites of esophageal carcinoma model, lymph flow was observed directly. Existence of lymph node metastasis was studied in detailed pathology. In 30 rabbits with upper esophageal carcinoma, lymph node metastasis was seen in 77%. Metastasis to bilateral intrathoracic paratracheal lymph node was seen in 50%, and also concentration of lymphatic flows from tumor site was seen. However, there were no metastasis and no lymph flow to abdominal lymph nodes. While, metastasis to cervical lymph nodes showed around 13%. Esophageal lymphatic flows were also seen reaching the cervical area along the esophagus. In 40 models with mid lower esophageal carcinoma, lymph node metastasis were seen in 88%. Metastasis to right and left thoracic paratracheal lymph nodes was 75% and 53%, respectively, and 25% of metastasis went to cardia lymph nodes. The lymph flows were going up and down around these lymph nodes, and reaching to lymph nodes at upper highest mediastinum or left gastric artery. The metastatic rate to the cervical lymph nodes was about 5%. There were no significant differences in lymphatic metastasis between right and left mediastinum. These findings suggest the necessity of radical dissection for both sides of the mediastinum.
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PMID:[Experimental study of lymph node metastasis in thoracic esophageal carcinoma--regarding lymph node metastasis and changes in lymphatic flow by ultrafine charcoal in rabbit esophageal carcinoma model]. 161 91

Esophageal tumors are often inoperable, because of the poor general condition of patients or the coexistence of metastatic disease. Endoscopic intubation is a safe method of palliation in these patients which can restore esophageal patency and lead to an improved nutritional status. At the Endoscopy Division of the National Cancer Institute in Milan, 141 patients with inoperable esophageal cancer underwent endoscopic intubation between 1978 and 1989. The 7-day mortality was 9/141 (6.3%) patients. In 114/132 surviving patients there was an improvement in the nutritional status and general condition. The complication rate was 17.7% (25/141 patients) and the mean survival was 5.9 months.
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PMID:Esophageal tumors--treatment by endoscopic intubation. 170 66

Fifty five formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, pronase-pretreated esophageal carcinomas and their metastatic nodes were studied immunohistochemically with peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique for keratins using polyclonal antibody (DAKO), antibody against keratins of keratinocyte (KL1), against high molecular weight-keratin (EY904), and against low molecular weight-keratins (EY902, PKK1). The suprabasal layer of the esophageal epithelium was stained diffusely with DAKO, KL1 and EY902 and faintly or locally with EY904 and PKK1. Esophageal ducts were positive with any antibodies. We classified staining pattern of the esophageal carcinoma according to the localization and proportion of the positive cells in the cancer nests. No significant correlation of the staining pattern was found between the primary lesions and metastatic nodes. The proportion of the EY904-positive cells correlated significantly with the degree of lymph node metastasis, histologic stage, and prognosis by rank correlation method and generalized Wilcoxon test, but not with the depth of invasion nor histologic degree of differentiation. The proportion of DAKO-positive cells correlated significantly only with histologic degree of differentiation. It was supposed that esophageal carcinomas with high molecular weight-keratin had less tendency to metastasize to nodes.
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PMID:[An immunohistochemical study on esophageal carcinomas with various kinds of antikeratin antibodies]. 243 49

In 93 out of 201 patients (46%) with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus who underwent radical resection (excluding death within 30 days after operation), the site of recurrence could be identified by means of X-ray, CT, ultrasonography, and biopsy. Recurrence was found in 55% of 93 cases within 12 months after surgery and in 86% of 93 cases within 24 months. Of 93 patients with recurrences, lymph node recurrences were present in 44 cases, visceral recurrences in 32 cases, both lymph node and visceral recurrences in 11 cases and others in 6 cases. Neck and/or upper mediastinal lymph node recurrences were found in 10 out of 15 patients who had recurrences within 3 months after surgery. Careful examination should be made in the left recurrent nerve chain and extended lymph node resection of upper mediastinal region should be performed under the adequate indication. Esophageal squamous cell cancer has a tendency to recur in the lymph nodes initially, and visceral metastases may occur thereafter. The incidence of visceral recurrence increased remarkably, when neck and/or upper mediastinal lymph nodes were involved at the time of operation. Accordingly, both irradiation and chemotherapy should also be applied for improving the prognosis of esophageal carcinoma.
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PMID:[Clinicopathological studies of the recurrence of esophageal squamous cell cancer--with special reference to the mode of recurrence and operative procedure]. 320 46


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