Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

99 patients with late epilepsy were investigated in our EEG laboratory. In intervals of maximal 100 days (averaged 23 days) a waking EEG recording and a CTAT were carried out. The average age was 43. 62.5% of the pathological CTATs were found in partial seizures with elementary symptomatology. In patients with generalized seizures the diagnosis of symptomatic epilepsy could be made in 20 cases (34%) with the help of computerized tomography. Generalized seizures were related to tumors only in 8.5% in our case material. In 20 of 99 EEGs in our patients there was a continuous delta wave focus, 12 of these with epileptogenic activity. Of these 20 patients, 18 showed a pathological result in computerized tomography. Eight tumors or metastases, 8 cases of atrophy (7 local and 1 diffuse) as well as 1 case of encephalitis could be diagnosed. 12 EEGs showed continuous or intermittent theta wave foci. Computerized tomography never gave a pathological finding in these patients. If one compares the results of CTAT and EEG in cases of tumor, the agreement between positive tomography and the pathological EEG is very high (97%): 33 positive CTATs comapred with 31 positive EEGs. Our investigations with computerized tomography show organic findings in 34 of 99 epilepsies, that is about 34%.
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PMID:Computerized transverse axial tomography (CTAT) in the diagnosis of epilepsy. 40 52

193 patients with epilepsy were investigated by EEG and by computerized tomography (C.T.). 55.5% of the pathological C.T. scans were found in partial seizures with elementary symptomatology. In patients with generalized seizures the diagnosis of symptomatic epilepsy could be made in 40 cases (35.7%) with the help of computerized tomography. In 38 EEG there was a continual delta-wave focus, 18 of these with epileptogenic activity. Of these 38 patients, 34 showed a pathological result in computerized tomography. 19 tumors or metastases, 11 cases of atrophy (10 local and one diffuse) as well as one case of encephalitis could be diagnosed. The remaining 3 patients showed indefinate findings with C.T. 19 EEG showed intermittent theta-wave foci. Computerized tomography gave 5 pathological scans in these patients. If one compares the results of computerized tomography and EEG in cases of tumor, the agreement between positive tomography and the pathological EEG is very high (95%): 64 positive C.T. compared with 61 positive EEG. Our investigations with computerized tomography show organic findings in 67 of 193 epilepsies, that is about 35%.
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PMID:[Computerized transverse axial tomography in the diagnosis of epilepsy; an electroencephalo-tomographic study (author's transl)]. 82 65

Studying 2,413 cases of supratentorial brain tumors operated on a 30 years period, the author emphasizes appealing signs, pitfalls, and tumoral relapses. Epilepsy is the most frequent initial sign preceding headache and focal signs. We discuss the frequency of the epilepsy, the age of the first seizure, the location and the histological nature of the epiletogenic tumor, and the type of the seizures. In the end, we study diagnosis pitfalls such as long-standing epilepsy, ictal presentation, pitfalls due to metastases and the difficult problem of tumoral relapses.
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PMID:A review of 2,413 tumours operated over a 30-year period. 191 87

We reviewed retrospectively a series of 100 inpatients with onset of epileptic seizure after the age of 60. All of them were investigated by EEG and 96 by CT scan. The most frequent cause of seizure was previous stroke, with 25 cerebral infarcts and 5 hemorrhages. Neoplastic lesions were present in 18 cases, with glioma (high grade), meningioma and metastases in the same proportion. Other etiologies included toxico-metabolic (18 cases), post-traumatic (9 cases), cerebral atrophy (4 cases) and miscellaneous (14 cases). The causes of seizure remained unknown in 7 patients, of whom 6 had focal signs in either clinical examination or EEG. Focal seizures (with or without secondary generalization) accounted for 65% of all cases and generalized seizures for 35%. The EEG was normal in 12 patients and abnormal in 88, with diffuse slowing in 55 patients and focal signs in 70 (some patients had both diffuse slowing and focal signs). Fourteen patients presented status epilepticus. Ten died during hospitalization. We conclude that epileptic seizure with onset after age 60 is nearly always symptomatic, and neuroradiologic investigations are necessary in the search for cerebral lesions. In our study, the prevalence of "idiopathic epilepsy" is lower than previously described.
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PMID:[Initial epileptic crisis after the age of 60: etiology, clinical aspects and EEG]. 234 61

Different types of tumors account for the etiology of 8.6% of all cases of dementia. Cerebral computed tomography (CT) permits the detection of most of them. The miliary metastasis variety commonly presents as dementia, and CT may then be normal. A patient with late epilepsy after cerebral infarction developed subacute dementia and he subsequently died. Post mortem study disclosed miliary cerebral metastases of a clinically unsuspected hepatocarcinoma. Cerebral CT did not detect the metastases. Although the incidence of hepatocarcinoma is increasing, we are unaware of any similar reported case, as cerebral involvement is exceptional in this condition. Despite its rarity, this case highlights the need to perform thorough neuropathological investigations in dementia.
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PMID:[Dementia caused by miliary cerebral metastasis of a hepatocarcinoma]. 255 63

The tuberous sclerosis is a rare hereditary disease which mostly becomes manifest in a triad of symptoms: epilepsy, mental defects and skin changes of the adenoma sebaceum Pringle type. There may be an atypical clinical picture without neurological or psychiatric signs, in 50% of cases also without skin changes. Bone changes in tuberous sclerosis are asymptomatic and present in up to 50% of patients. Their finding in patients without basic known symptoms may be the cause of mistaking it for osteoplastic metastases. A case like that was described in the case history part of the communication. The knowledge of the possibilities of these changes in tuberous sclerosis may considerably ease differential diagnosis by suitable indication of computer tomography of the brain with the finding of typical calcifications.
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PMID:[Bone changes in tuberous sclerosis (Bourneville-Pringle disease)]. 263 24

Diphenylhydantoin is a well known anticonvulsant used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy. The prophylactic use of diphenylhydantoin has been suggested for certain cerebral metastases, and it is routinely administered to prevent seizures induced by intracranial neoplasms and/or surgery. Patients with malignant gliomas treated with diphenylhydantoin frequently receive radiation therapy. The effects of a clinical concentration of diphenylhydantoin in combination with gamma radiation was investigated using the C6 astrocytoma cell line in both monolayer and three dimensional multicellular spheroid cultures. Diphenylhydantoin at 7.2 X 10(-5) M (20 micrograms/ml) significantly increased the doubling time (23%) of the C6 astrocytoma cells in monolayer, but did not affect their survival as measured by plating efficiency. No changes were seen in spheroid growth or plating efficiency of the cells dissociated from spheroids at this concentration. Diphenylhydantoin at the clinical concentration tested was not associated with an alteration in radiation sensitivity of C6 astrocytoma cells in monolayer or three dimensional multicellular spheroid cultures.
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PMID:The effects of diphenylhydantoin on murine astrocytoma radiosensitivity. 344 Aug 76

Among 50 geriatric inpatients (average age 79) with late-onset epilepsy (average duration two years), 28 had grand mal attacks, 12 had focal attacks, seven had both. None had petit mal, confirming its rarity in the elderly. The epilepsy followed cerebrovascular disease (usually with hemiplegia) in 21 patients (8 per cent of all our patients with hemiplegia in the two-year study period developed epilepsy). Associated conditions included dementia in seven; and cerebral tumours (usually metastases) in five. This latter group survived less than two months on average from the onset of their attacks. The majority of patients (42 out of 50) were unfit for full neurological investigation; and the dangers of some procedures in the elderly are stressed.
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PMID:Epilepsy in the elderly. 421 45

Neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors are neoplasms derived from APUD cells, characterized by hyperincretion of several peptides of hormonal activity. The incidence of these tumor is low. They are usually classified according to the predominant secreted peptide: gastrinoma, insulinoma, VIPoma, glucagonoma. Insulinoma is the most frequent endocrine pancreatic tumor, characterized by a peculiar clinical picture due to insulin action. This neoplasm is prevalently benign (90%), and may cause symptoms due to hypo-glycemia such as epilepsy, asthenia, deep coma, dizziness, hunger and epigastric pain. Surgery still constitutes the principal therapy for insulinoma treatment, but an accurate tumor identification is necessary. Selective arteriography of the pancreas and new diagnostic investigations as intraoperative US, selective sampling of pancreatic veins with insulin Quick-RIA, aid the diagnosis and more precise localization of the tumor. When surgical therapy is not practicable, for diffuse metastases, octreotide has an inhibitory effect upon hormone release, and may be combined with chemotherapy for controlling clinical symptoms. We review the clinical records of 2 patients from our Institute, who had hyper-insulinism due to benign insulinomas of the tail of the pancreas. Surgical treatment was performed with enucleation of the neoplasms.
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PMID:[Pancreatic insulinomas]. 817 52

Between 1965 and 1990 five children with pheochromocytomas were treated. Clinical course, methods of diagnosis, treatment and results established by follow-up from 6 months to 20 years are presented. Hypertension and headaches occurred in all patients. One child with a malignant form of pheochromocytoma manifested central nervous symptoms imitating epilepsy and additionally diffuse pulmonary metastases were found. One patient had a family history of pheochromocytomas and presented with hypermetabolic state and neurovegetative symptoms. One child had multifocal tumors: two in the posterior mediastinum and one in the retroperitoneal space. All patients were treated by either enucleation of the tumor, tumor excision or adrenalectomy. One child died 12 years after surgery from the rapid progression of pulmonary metastases of pheochromoblastoma present at the time of diagnosis.
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PMID:Clinical course and treatment of pheochromocytomas in children. Analysis of five cases. 835 16


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