Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To examine the role of diabetes in pancreatic cancer, 4 groups of Chinese hamsters--2 from genetically diabetic and 2 from non-diabetic lines--were treated with N-nitrosobis(2-oxo-propyl)amine (BOP) at different dose levels and intervals. In one group (referred to as the VA group), BOP was given weekly at a 5 mg/kg body wt. level for 18 or 23 weeks, whereas the other group (the EP group) received a weekly dose of 2.5 mg/kg body wt. for life. Except for diet and experimental design, all other laboratory conditions were similar in the two institutions. No VA hamster developed tumors. Three of 22 non-diabetic EP hamsters (but none of the diabetic hamsters) developed pancreatic hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions, comprising ductular cell adenomas (3 hamsters), carcinoma in situ (1 hamster), a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (1 hamster), and a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (1 hamster) with regional lymph node metastases. In addition, over 50% of the EP hamsters had neoplasms for which the incidences and morphology did not vary between diabetic and non-diabetic groups or between the sexes. These were primarily of the liver (cholangiomas), lungs (adenomas) and skin (trichoepitheliomas, squamous cell carcinomas). The differing carcinogenic response of the two hamster groups to BOP apparently is not related to the total BOP dose, but rather to other factors, including the length of observation time.
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PMID:Pancreatic carcinogenicity of N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)-amine in diabetic and non-diabetic Chinese hamsters. 381 30

Colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie's syndrome) may occur in surgical patients, particularly those who have had orthopedic or blunt trauma, have uremia or diabetes, have complex metabolic or cardiac failure, have metastatic cancer involving the lymph nodes and neural tissue, or are addicted to narcotics. Although a single true cause has not been identified by fulfilling Koch's postulates, the clinical pattern has been recognized in a variety of surgical patients, and this pattern must be distinguished from true obstruction of the colon. Tumor or internal hernia may constitute an obstruction, but the important differential diagnosis of cecal volvulus must be excluded. Ischemic colitis may be confused with Ogilvie's syndrome or may follow it. Gangrene, infarction, and perforation may ensue as colon diameter increases and particularly if cecal distention reaches above 14 cm. This arbitrary number for cecal dilatation should not be awaited before treatment is instituted if signs of devitalization of the gut or peritoneal signs have developed in the patient. Treatment has changed recently with the widespread application of colonoscopy. Endoscopy is helpful in relieving distention but may also be dangerous in the patient with a massively distended colon, particularly at the level of the thin-walled cecum. Colonoscopy also appears to be associated with a high rate of treatment failure and recurrence. Surgical decompression may take the form of cecostomy or may require exteriorization or resection of the colon if infarction has occurred. A series of 12 patients has been presented. The patients were all referred to a single surgeon in a university medical center over a 4 1/2 year period with clinical patterns not suggestive of a common cause but a similar clinical evolution of Ogilvie's syndrome. The prognosis for such patients in whom the complication is recognized early and in whom decompression is performed endoscopically or surgically is encouraging. If recognition is late and particularly if perforation and gangrene result, mortality is nearly 50 percent.
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PMID:Colonic pseudo-obstruction in surgical patients. 397 Mar 26

During a 10-yr period starting January 1973, 123 patients with a carcinoma at the head of the pancreas underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography at our hospital. Analysis of their case histories revealed that the early complaints of pancreatic head carcinoma are rather nonspecific--sudden onset of diabetes mellitus (33.3%), weight loss (80.5%), tiredness and malaise (42.3%), change in bowel habits (41.5%), and upper abdominal discomfort (22.0%)--and that jaundice (88.6%) and classic pain (70.7%) are late symptoms. The diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (92.7%) was much higher than that of computed tomography (58.5%) and echography (54.4%). The patients were divided according to the maximal tumor diameter into three groups: group 1, tumor diameter ranging between 2.5 and 4.0 cm; group 2, tumor diameter ranging between 4.5 and 6.0 cm; and group 3, tumor diameter ranging between 7.0 and 15.0 cm. The tumor diameter did not correlate with the degree of differentiation. Extension of the tumor, vascular involvement, and metastases were evaluated for the several tumor diameters. The tumor was, in principle, operable in 77% of group 1 patients; in 24% of group 2 patients; and in 9% of group 3 patients. Tumors less than 3 cm in diameter were always resectable; tumors greater than 8 cm in diameter were seldom (9%) resectable. A curative resection was performed in 22.0% of the patients. The 4-yr survival of these patients was 44% as opposed to no survivors among the patients who had received only palliative or symptomatic treatment. During the decade, there was a tendency toward the diagnosis of smaller tumors (mean tumor diameter decreased from 9.0 +/- 1.7 to 5.4 +/- 2.8 cm) with a higher chance of resectability (from 25% to 44%).
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PMID:Carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. Therapeutic implications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography findings. 620 85

A prospective controlled clinical-neurophysiological-pathological study of 71 patients with oat cell carcinoma of the lung revealed no increased incidence of peripheral neuropathy at the initial stages of illness. All patients developed neuropathy by the time they had lost 15% of their body weight, but the neuropathy was less severe than in 20 age-matched alcoholic patients with an equal degree of weight loss. The weight loss and peripheral neuropathy progressed with atrophy of type II (adenosine triphosphatase-positive) muscle fibers out of proportion to the patient's loss of body weight. By 40% body weight loss, all the patients had moderate symmetrical peripheral neuropathy, 6 had proximal brachial or lumbosacral plexus metastases, and 9 had distal pressure palsies. Mononeuritis multiplex developed in only 1 patient, who had diabetes mellitus. Two patients developed Eaton-Lambert syndrome, which resolved in 1 when chemotherapy controlled the systemic tumor, with no protein in the tumor postmortem which could produce the characteristic electromyographic findings of the syndrome.
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PMID:The carcinomatous neuromyopathy of oat cell lung cancer. 624 73

The diagnosis of glucagonoma was made in a 51 year-old woman who suffered from a polymorphous dermatitis and an insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Denutrition was present and there was a previous history of thrombo-embolism. Immunoreactive plasma glucagon was constantly higher than 1 000 pg/ml (N less than 175). Plasma aminoacids were low. After angiographic confirmation, the tumour and part of its hepatic metastases were resected. The dermatitis disappeared soon after. Its recurrence required chemotherapy (successively mithramycin, streptozotocin, DTIC) and good clinical results were obtained. On histological examination, the cutaneous lesions consisted of an epidermal edema, and a bullous intra-epidermic detachment. The pancreatic tumour was of the trabecular type with a very important sclerosis. On electron microscopy, the tumoral cells, some with a syncitial aspect, contained granules of the D1 type. These granules are different from the typical glucagon granules. The clinical and biological features in this case are compared with those of the 41 cases of glucagonoma previously published.
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PMID:[Clinical, biological, histological, ultrastructural and therapeutic studies in one case (author's transl)]. 625 30

Diabetic ketoacidosis is an extremely rare manifestation of glucagonoma. We report such a case in a 72-year-old woman known to be diabetic for seven years. The patient was admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis and associated necrolytic migratory erythrema which suggested the diagnosis of glucagonoma. Plasma glucagon levels were increased (569 to 2298 pg/ml). A vascular tumor of the head of the pancreas without obvious hepatic metastases was visualised by angiography. Duodeno-pancreatectomy including the head of the pancreas led to complete recovery of the mucocutaneous lesions and the plasma glucagon level fell (229 pg/ml). The tumor had several histological characteristics suggesting malignancy and a high glucagon content on extraction. Electron microscopy showed multiple A cells and a few isolated B cells. Most of the cells showed immunoreactivity with anti-glucagon and anti-glicentine antibodies. Three months after surgery, the diabetes was again required treatment with insulin. Plasma glucagon level was again increased and chemotherapy with dimethyltriazenimidazolecarboxamide was undertaken.
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PMID:[Glucagonoma with diabetic ketoacidosis; case report]. 629 11

Hypoaminoacidemia and skin rash are features of the glucagonoma syndrome. A glucagonoma patient with earlier insulin treated, noninsulin-dependent diabetes, and functional liver metastases, 3 yr postresection of pancreatic tumor, was treated with a high protein diet for 2 wk, then switched to a high carbohydrate diet for 3 wk followed by 3 wk on high protein diet, which continued for 3 months with additional carbohydrate. While on the high protein diet urine nitrogen indicated frank retention and total plasma amino acid levels normalized each time. Plasma amino acid decreased again after 1 wk on the high carbohydrate diet. Skin rash varied irrespective of amino acid levels, but cleared 4 days after resection of metastases. However, total amino acid did not reach normal levels on a conventional diet 3 wk postsurgery, but were normal 6 wk later. A high protein diet can normalize plasma amino acids and allow nitrogen retention in glucagonoma, apparently overriding the gluconeogenic drive of the high circulating glucagon levels. The skin rash may not be only attributed to hypoaminoacidemia.
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PMID:Disappearance of glucagonoma rash after surgical resection, but not during dietary normalization of serum amino acids. 632 Jun 31

From 1976 to 1981, 28 episodes of group B streptococcus (GBS) septicemia were identified in our hospital (CHUV, University Hospital Lausanne), 18 in 17 adults and 10 in newborns. The latter had acute respiratory distress syndrome (8 cases) or meningitis (2 cases). In adults the skin was the main source of infection (6 diabetic foot, 4 acute cellulitis complicating chronic skin diseases, 2 infections secondary to diagnostic procedures (capillary and ascitic taps) and 1 meningitis secondary to neurosurgery). The other sources of infection were 1 pharyngitis, 1 pneumonia and 1 pyelonephritis. Eleven patients had an underlying disease (7 diabetes and 4 malignancies). Four patients developed septic osteoarticular metastases, one after a 3 weeks' course of antibiotic. In the latter case, as well as in the two adult patients who died, the strains of GBS were found to be tolerant to penicillin. Thus, GBS septicemia are not rare in adults and occur often in compromised hosts such as diabetics. The portal of entry is frequently the skin and the course may be severe with distant complications.
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PMID:[Streptococcus group B septicemia. Analysis of 18 cases in adults and 10 in newborn infants]. 633 80

We reviewed 30 patients with a carcinoma of the ampulla and papilla of Vater. The first symptoms were weight loss, sudden onset of diabetes mellitus, loss of appetite, tiredness, and upper abdominal discomfort or pain. Jaundice and fever were found to be late symptoms. The mean delay between the onset of complaints and diagnosis was 2 1/2 months. The diameter of the tumour varied from 4 to 35 millimetres. Seven patients had a tumour diameter of less than 9 millimetres. Extension of the tumour in the duodenum was never seen with tumours less than 8 millimetres in diameter. Extension of the tumour into the pancreas and metastases in the peripancreatic lymph nodes were only found with tumours with a diameter greater than 15 millimetres. The mean delay between onset of symptoms and operation was 3 months. At 52 months 79% of the patients younger than 64 years were still alive, while the survival rate of the patients of 65 years and older was 11%. Also at 52 months 58% of patients with a tumour size less than 2 centimetres were still alive, while the survival rate of the patients with a tumour larger than 2 centimetres was 31%.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the ampulla and papilla of Vater. 640 9

MCF-7 cells, a human breast carcinoma line, forms tumors when injected into athymic nude mice. These tumors are able to metastasize to lungs, liver and spleen. 17 beta-estradiol treatment increases both the growth rate and frequency of metastases. Castration or diabetes prevents metastasis formation, but treatment with estrogen or insulin restores the metastasizing capacity. MCF-7 cells secrete into the culture media collagenases able to lyse types I and IV collagens. Estrogen or insulin addition to the culture enhances collagenase production. Attention is called to the coexistence of enhancement in collagenase production and metastasis formation.
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PMID:Formation of metastasis by human breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7) in nude mice. 645 Jun 36


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