Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this retrospective study the case reports of 165 patients suffering from an abducens nerve palsy as the main presenting symptom were evaluated. The sixth nerve palsy was more frequent on the left (52%) than on the right hand side (38%), in 10% there was bilateral involvement. In 49 cases a vascular origin was suspected (29.7%), with diabetes mellitus as the most important risk factor (n = 35). Abducens palsies in inflammatory diseases (n = 32, 19.4%) were seen most often in multiple sclerosis (n = 11), viral meningoencephalitis (n = 5) and accompanying systemic viral infections (n = 5). Postvaccinal paresis was seldom (n = 1). Tumours (n = 18, 10.9%) causing sixth nerve paresis were metastases to the brain (n = 7), meningiomas (n = 3) and glioblastomas (n = 2). Nasopharyngeal carcinomas lead in 4 cases to an involvement of the abducens. Aneurysms causing sixth nerve palsy (n = 7, 4.2%) most frequent being located at the intracavernous region of the internal carotid artery (n = 4). In traumatic abducens paresis (n = 5, 3.1%) pathological findings of neuroradiological examinations are rare. In 48 patients (29.1%) diagnosis remained unclear, especially in young adults between the 20th and 40th year of age. Prognosis of abducens paresis is good in lesions of vascular and unknown origin; in these cases non-steroidal antiphlogistics are of benefit.
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PMID:[Isolated abducens paralysis--a retrospective study of 165 patients]. 291 25

Various tumoral diseases may induce hypophosphataemic osteomalacia. This is the case, in particular, with mesenchymal tumours and sclerosing metastases of prostatic cancer; much less common causes are diffuse connective tissue dysplasias and non-prostatic epitheliomas. Depending on whether osteomalacia results from a mesenchymal tumour or from osteitis of prostatic origin, the practical problems encountered are quite different. In the first case, the important point is not to miss a mesenchymal tumour when confronted with an acquired and apparently idiopathic hypophosphataemia; repeated examinations at regular intervals are sometimes necessary to detect the tumour which is usually benign; osteomalacia can then be cured by its removal. In the second case, the difficulty is to detect an osteomalacia which may be masked by bone metastases and to recognize its tubular origin in order to prescribe the appropriate treatment. Little is known about the pathogenesis of tumoral hypophosphataemic osteomalacia. The renal diabetes and low 1,25 (OH)2 D plasma levels frequently associated with the disease reflect a complex enzymatic disorder thought to be caused by a humoral mediator secreted by the tumour. Studies carried out in this field have already shown that 1,25 (OH)2 D is therapeutically useful when the tumour cannot be excised.
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PMID:[Tumoral hypophosphoremic osteomalacia]. 293 49

Seven patients with clinical features of the glucagonoma syndrome, including the characteristic rash, diabetes mellitus, and weight loss, were examined by CT. Computed tomography demonstrated a primary pancreatic tumor in all patients, and, in four, hepatic metastases were identified. The primary tumors, relatively large and solid in nature, varied in size from 2.5 to 6 cm in maximum diameter. The tumor was found in the tail of the pancreas in three patients and in the head of the pancreas in four. No obliteration of adjacent perivascular or peripancreatic fat planes was observed in any patient. Calcification was present in the primary tumor in three patients and in the hepatic metastases in one. All tumors that were studied angiographically were found to be hypervascular. In contrast to insulinomas, which are frequently quite small when clinically diagnosed, glucagonomas appear to attain considerable size prior to being clinically apparent. Thus, we conclude that CT ought to become the mainstay in the identification, localization, and staging of these tumors.
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PMID:CT evaluation of glucagonomas. 298 9

Mean values for serum angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (SACE), determined spectrophotometrically in 648 subjects, using the synthetic substrate hippuryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine, and expressed in units per milliliter, were: controls, 11.11 +/- 3.97 (n = 89); lung cancer, 6.50 +/- 3.26 (n = 87); tuberculosis of the lung, 8.93 +/- 4.60 (n = 68); pulmonary sarcoidosis, 21.18 +/- 14.93 (n = 48); pneumonia, 9.81 +/- 6.83 (n = 52); fibrosis, 11.18 +/- 8.26 (n = 34); diabetes mellitus, 10.90 +/- 7.51 (n = 29); ischemic heart disease, 8.98 +/- 6.19 (n = 42); pulmonary embolism, 13.20 +/- 3.91 (n = 5); and lymphomas, 11.66 +/- 5.44 (n = 36). The lowest values for SACE (5.92 +/- 1.95) were observed in 7 patients with pulmonary metastases. No relationship could be found between SACE and other laboratory parameters, nor between the enzyme activity in men and women. Evidence suggests that low SACE activity is often associated with extrapulmonary cancers of various organs. Levels were significantly decreased in cancer of the lung and pulmonary metastases and significantly (p less than 0.001) increased in sarcoidosis compared with other diseases, suggesting that SACE activity may be of value in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer of the lung.
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PMID:The value of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme determinations in malignant and other diseases. 299 Jul 99

A case of a 58-year-old woman with an unusual variant of malignant islet-cell tumor showing oncocytic features is described. Using the light microscopy technique, the tumor appeared comprised of solid nests of uniform cells with abundant, eosinophilic cytoplasm and round nuclei with granular chromatin. Ultrastructurally, the cells contained numerous abnormal mitochondria, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, and scattered dense-core neurosecretory granules, often associated with cytoplasmic filaments. Tumor cells were focally immunoreactive for insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin and diffusely immunoreactive for alpha 1-antitrypsin as assayed by the avidin--biotin technique. The tumor was immunonegative for human chorionic gonadotropin, gastrin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and serotonin. The patient exhibited some of the clinical features associated with glucagonoma syndrome, including diabetes mellitus and chronic diarrhea. The tumor behaved in a malignant fashion, with widespread lymphatic involvement and bony metastases at the time of presentation. This report of an oncocytic islet-cell carcinoma supports the concept of oncocytic differentiation in islet-cell tumors in a fashion analagous to oncocytic carcinoids.
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PMID:Functioning oncocytic islet-cell carcinoma. Report of a case with electron-microscopic and immunohistochemical confirmation. 300 44

Somatostatinomas are rare endocrine tumors that were first described in 1977. In addition to the present case report, there have been 31 cases reported in the literature. We have reviewed the literature to integrate the symptoms, physical findings, diagnostic tests, treatment, and length of survival of these patients. Although the symptoms that occurred in the majority of cases were those that are seen in most patients with intra-abdominal neoplasms, symptoms relating to the presence of excess circulating somatostatin--diabetes, maldigestion, and cholelithiasis--were frequently seen. Physical findings and the results of diagnostic tests were usually nonspecific. The majority of the patients underwent radical surgical procedures (Whipple procedure or pancreatic resection). The pancreas was the most frequent site of involvement (21/31 cases), but primaries in the duodenum, ampulla of Vater, cystic duct, and jejunum have been described as well. Metastases were most frequently seen in the liver and lymph nodes. Chemotherapeutic agents were administered to 10 patients, usually as adjuvant therapy, and appear to be useful in treating recurrent and metastatic disease. The one-year survival of these patients is 48%, which is better than that for patients with carcinoma of the pancreas or biliary tree. Therefore, it is important that the diagnosis of somatostinoma be made so that the patient may be treated accordingly and followed by serial somatostatin levels for evidence of metastasis or recurrent disease.
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PMID:Somatostatinoma: a case report and review of the literature. 304 Nov 16

Nutritional antioxidants support prostacyclin synthesis by preventing lipid hydroperoxide-mediated inhibition of prostacyclin synthetase. Recent preliminary clinical studies indicate that supplementary antioxidants exert antithrombotic effects in vivo that are most likely attributable to enhanced prostacyclin production. Optimal antioxidant nutrition may thus have preventive and therapeutic value for disorders in which inappropriate platelet aggregation plays an etiologic role, including MI, stroke, atherogenesis, pre-eclampsia, and the vascular complications of diabetes. In light of evidence that platelet aggregation encourages the implantation of hematogenous tumor metastases, supplemental antioxidants should also impede tumor dissemination--an effect which will be complemented by the immunostimulant actions of these nutrients. By exerting anticarcinogenic, immunostimulant and anti-metastatic effects, nutritional antioxidants should act to inhibit neoplasia at each stage of its development.
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PMID:An antithrombotic role for nutritional antioxidants: implications for tumor metastasis and other pathologies. 352 Feb 53

Recurrent eruptions of small, black nodules resembling metastases of malignant melanoma in a 64-year-old male patient with diabetes mellitus are reported. Clinically, the lesions seemed to be angiomas. Histological examination revealed capillary aneurysms. To date there has been no spontaneous regression. Sclerosing injections or compression therapy had no effect. Only total excision of lesions was successful. The etiology of the disease is unknown. The patient had diabetic retinopathy with increased plasma levels of cholesterol.
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PMID:[Multiple capillary aneurysms]. 369 56

We report a patient with pulmonary and bony metastases due to follicular carcinoma of the thyroid, occurring 12 years after the initial diagnosis. This was brought to light by worsening diabetic control due to thyrotoxicosis from functioning malignant thyroid tissue. Following radio-active iodine therapy, she remains well with good control of her diabetes.
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PMID:Metastatic follicular carcinoma of the thyroid presenting with thyrotoxic induced impaired control of diabetes mellitus. 371 6

The clinical significance of argyrophilia in endometrial carcinomas was studied in 187 patients with the endometrioid form of adenocarcinoma. Argyrophil cells were tentatively subgrouped into two types: type I cells resembling the enterochromaffin cells and type II cells loaded with argyrophil granules in the apical portion or throughout the cytoplasm. The patients with endometrial carcinoma containing argyrophil cells were associated more frequently with hypertension and diabetes mellitus than those with usual endometrial carcinoma. In grade 1 carcinomas, argyrophilia was parallel with the frequency of metastases to lymph nodes and with the degree of myometrial invasions. Also, a life table showed a worse survival rate in grade 1 carcinomas with argyrophilia, especially of type I, than in those without it. Although argyrophilia was considered to be at least one of the minor prognostic factors, further clinicopathologic studies are needed in relation to a more proper subtyping of argyrophil cells.
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PMID:Clinical significance of argyrophilia in endometrial carcinomas. 373 18


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