Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cellular immunity was assessed in patients with operable squamous cell cancer of the head and neck using in vivo skin tests and in vitro lymphocyte stimulation tests. An expansion of a previous study continued to show that 30 per cent of patients with T1N0M0 lesions were DNCB-negative and that with more advanced lesions there was further impairment. A similar finding was observed in the blastogenic response to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A but not pokeweed mitogen. Overall, 40 per cent of patients with resectable cancer had a significant depression of the blastogenic responses to conconavalin A and phytohemagglutinin. This depression ranged from 15 per cent in patients with T1N0M0 lesions to 71 per cent in those with T3N0M0 lesions. Although this depression was more severe in patients with palpable cervical node metastases, it was related more to the size of the primary tumor than to the nodes per se. An exception occurred in patients with large fixed nodes in whom the depression of lymphocyte stimulation was most severe. The absolute T-cell count was also depressed in patients with head and neck cancer. This depression parallelled the lymphocyte stimulation results with phytohemagglutinin and conconavalin A and was progressive with increasing stage of disease. A correlation exists between DNCB negativity and early recurrence and shortened survival. Clinical follow-up study is too short to assess the correlation of in vitro immune function with these clinical prognostic factors.
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PMID:T-cell deficiency in patients with squamous cell cancer of the head and neck. 110 24

In a collective of 200 Wistar rats, the influence of anticoagulants upon the rat tail tumor (Walker 256 carcinosarcoma) was checked with and without irradiation. After implantation of the tumor and development of a certain definite tumor volume, the animals were divided into four different groups of 50 rats each. The first one was the control group without any manipulation, the second received an one-stage X-irradiation with 2500 R SD directed to the tail tumor, the third was treated with an oral dose of Phenprocoumon which was added to the daily drinking quantity (0.1 mg/kg body weight), and the fourth group was given an one-stage X-irradiation together with the oral Phenprocoumon treatment. The influence of these different treatments on the growth of the primary tumor, on the incidence of metastases and on the death rate was checked up. The best therapeutical effect was observed with combined radiation and Phenprocoumon treatment. The therapy resulted in an almost complete growth rate depression of the primary tumor, in an early tendency of remission of the primary tumor, a 42 per cent decrease of the incidence of metastases to the lung, and a 42 per cent increase of the survival rate. With regard to the frequency of metastases and to the survival rate, treatment with Phenprocoumon alone showed significantly better results as sole radiation treatment.
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PMID:[The influencing of rat-tail tumors with and without irradiation]. 125 92

One hundred and thirty-seven breast cancer patients, 102 receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and 35 receiving palliative chemotherapy for metastatic disease underwent a 37-item quality-of-life questionnaire to evaluate the impact of disease and treatment on physical, psychological and social well being. Patient groups were designated as follows--Adj CT: patients undergoing the questionnaire during their adjuvant chemotherapy program; Post Adj CT: patients evaluated 3 to 8 months after termination of adjuvant chemotherapy; Mts CT: patients assessed during palliative chemotherapy for metastatic disease, and Post Mts CT: patients 3 to 8 months after termination of palliative chemotherapy. Physical and social activities were reported as unaltered or normal by 64 to 70% and 52 to 67% of patients, respectively. Psychological status was judged normal by 39 to 45% of patients. No significant differences were observed between the patients groups. In 83 to 90% of cases the patient normally took care of herself. In 62 to 87% of cases time dedicated to recreational activities was reported as unaltered. The majority of patients (84%) judged that their relationship with partner and/or family were good. Severe anxiety was reported in 19 to 28% of patients and severe depression was infrequent (3.9%). Information regarding disease and treatment given by health professionals was considered satisfactory by 80 to 100% of patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The impact of chemotherapy on the quality of life of breast cancer patients. 138 37

Sixty-two metastases or recurrences of differentiated thyroid carcinomas were investigated using conventional histology and immunocytochemistry for thyroglobulin (TG), thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). In each patient, 131I total body scans had been performed 4-10 weeks before surgery. Twenty-seven of the 62 tumours exhibited a predominance of follicles (A1), while 35 either exclusively or predominantly consisted of papillae or, in the case of follicular carcinomas, were predominantly trabecular or solid in structure (A2). TG and T4 immunoreactivity was observed in 60 cases, only 4 of these also expressing T3. Positive radioiodine uptake (RIU) was noted in 27 of 62 (44%) cases (A1:18/27 = 67%; A2:9/35 = 26%), 25 of which showed intraluminal TG and T4 positivity. Two follicular carcinomas showing RIU lacked follicular lumina, but exhibited strong diffuse cytoplasmic positivity for both TG and T4. In another 95 differentiated thyroid carcinomas, the structure of primary and secondary lesions was assessed. Of these, 27 (28%) showed a discordant pattern (A1/A2 or A2/A1) when comparing the structure of primary and secondary lesions. Our data suggest that differentiated thyroid carcinomas show a dissociation of TG/T4 expression and RIU, defects of iodine uptake and storage being found more frequently than a depression of TG and T4 synthesis. Intact synthesis of TG and T4, but not of T3 may be regarded as a prerequisite for RIU. Positive RIU is based on the presence of mature neoplastic follicles containing TG and T4 immunoreactive colloid and among follicular carcinomas, positive RIU may be encountered in neoplasms lacking follicular lumina but exhibiting strong cytoplasmic TG and T4 staining. Finally, the RIU of recurrent and metastatic PC and FC is not predictable from histological features of the primaries.
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PMID:Histology and immunocytochemistry of differentiated thyroid carcinomas do not predict radioiodine uptake: a clinicomorphological study of 62 recurrent or metastatic tumours. 146 56

A total of 12 patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma received interferon alpha (3 million units intramuscularly 6 times weekly) and OK-432 (5 KE (Klinische Einheit) intramuscularly twice weekly). Metastatic lesions appeared before operation in six patients and after operation in six patients. Among them 5 patients had received interferon therapy and this combination therapy was started after the judgment of progressive disease for interferon therapy. Eleven pulmonary and 5 bone metastases were evaluable. The median duration of the combination therapy was 89.3 weeks. There were 4 partial responses and no complete responses among the 12 patients, giving a response rate of 33.3%. The median duration of response was 25 months, with a range of 6 to 54 months. Responses were seen predominantly in patients in whom metastases appeared after operation (3 of 4 responders). However, regarding the individual organs, two complete and 2 partial responses were observed among 11 pulmonary metastases and 2 partial responses among 5 bone metastases. The survival period after discovery of the metastasis was 10 to 67 months and the 5-year survival rate was 70.5%. Almost all patients had fever and induration at the injection site. Other side effects included leukopenia, anorexia, and depression. This combination therapy is thought to be effective against bone or other organs metastasis resistant to interferon alone.
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PMID:[Treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma with interferon alpha and OK-432 (streptococcal preparation)]. 148 85

Management of bone pain in patients with multiple osseous metastases is a significant clinical problem. Phosphorus-32 has been used as systemic radioisotope therapy for the management of bone pain for over 40 years. However, significant hematological depression usually results and its use is limited. More recently, the bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals strontium-89, samarium-153-ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonic acid, and rhenium-186-hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate have all been used as palliative treatment for patients with clinically significant bone pain. Excellent clinical responses with acceptable hematological toxicity have been observed. The clinical results rival those of external beam radiation therapy, with fewer systemic and hematological side effects. Systemic radionuclide therapy is indicated in the management of patients with painful metastatic prostate cancer in bone as soon as they escape primary hormonal management. This therapy also should play a role in the management of many patients with advanced breast cancer metastatic to bone. The role of radionuclidic therapy in osseous metastases from other malignancies is still being investigated. These compounds also hold promise as primary therapy for tumors of osseous origin. Systemic radionuclide therapy of painful bony metastases will become common in nuclear medicine practice in the next decade.
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PMID:Radionuclide therapy of intractable bone pain: emphasis on strontium-89. 158 3

Tricyclic antidepressants, such as amitriptyline (Elavil), and the nontricyclic agent, fluoxetine (Prozac), bind to growth-regulatory intracellular histamine receptors, associated with anti-estrogen binding sites in microsomes and nuclei. The prototype anti-estrogen binding site/intracellular histamine receptor ligand, N,N-diethyl-2-[4-(phenylmethyl)phenoxy]ethanamine HCl, inhibits normal cell proliferation in vitro but stimulates tumor growth in vivo. Because of their structural similarity to N,N-diethyl-2-[4-(phenylmethyl)phenoxy]ethanamine HCl, we carried out studies to determine whether amitriptyline and fluoxetine stimulate tumor growth and/or development in rodents at concentrations relevant to the treatment of human depression (equivalent human dose range, approximately 100-150 mg/day for amitriptyline and approximately 20-80 mg/day for fluoxetine). All experiments were performed blinded. In studies of growth stimulation of transplantable syngeneic tumors, groups of mice were inoculated s.c. with C-3 fibrosarcoma cells or given i.v. or s.c. injections of B16f10 melanoma cells, followed 24 h later by daily i.p. injections of saline, amitriptyline, or fluoxetine. Tumor latency (fibrosarcoma), aggregate tumor weight (s.c. injected melanoma), or time to death from pulmonary metastasis (i.v. injected melanoma) was determined; drug-induced stimulation of DNA synthesis in C-3 fibrosarcoma cells in vitro was correlated with tumor growth acceleration in vivo. In a mammary carcinogenesis model, the effects of chronic saline, amitriptyline, or fluoxetine administration on the rate and frequency of development of mammary tumors in rats fed dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) were compared. Eight of 20 amitriptyline- or fluoxetine-treated mice developed fibrosarcoma tumors by day 5, as compared to none of 20 saline controls (P less than 0.002). Similarly, 20 of 21 DMBA-treated rats receiving the antidepressant drugs developed 33 mammary tumors by week 15 as compared to 5 tumors in 4 of 7 DMBA-treated rats receiving saline (P less than 0.001). For both models, tumor latency decreased 30-40% and, in the DMBA model, tumor frequency increased greater than 2-fold in the antidepressant-treated rats as compared to controls. Stimulation of fibrosarcoma growth in vivo correlated with a corresponding bell-shaped drug-induced increase in DNA synthesis in vitro. While the median time to death from pulmonary metastases did not differ among groups given i.v. injections of melanoma cells, a significant (P less than 0.01) stimulation of growth of s.c. injected melanoma was observed in mice receiving the antidepressants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Stimulation of malignant growth in rodents by antidepressant drugs at clinically relevant doses. 161 49

From June 1986 to December 1988, 107 patients (median age, 49 years; median performance score, 1) with haematogeneous metastases from breast carcinoma were treated with concomitant radiation and chemotherapy. Overall, 97% of the patients had been pretreated with surgery; 65%, with radiation; and 56%, with hormones. In all, 38% had received adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients with prior palliative chemotherapy were excluded from the study. All patients fulfilled at least two high-risk criteria. Chemotherapy was given according to the EI protocol (4-epirubicin and ifosfamide), and all patients simultaneously received radiation to the main tumour sites. Gastro-intestinal toxicity was moderate (11.1%, WHO grade 4), and bone marrow depression was marked in all cases. After three treatment courses, the overall response rate was 67% [21% complete response (CR), 46% partial response (PR)]. In all, 28% had stable disease (NC) and the rate of progressive disease (PD) was 5%. The median duration of tumour response was 8 months, with 12 months for CRs, 9 months for PRs and 6 months for NCs. The median survival was 13.5 months.
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PMID:Palliative chemo-radiotherapy with ifosfamide and epirubicin as first-line treatment for high-risk metastatic breast cancer. Results of a prospective multicenter trial. 169 17

Sixteen children, aged 16 days to 13 years with hepatoblastoma (HB) (13 patients) or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (3 patients), were given a total of 89 courses of cisplatin and doxorubicin (PLADO) as IV continuous infusion. All tumors were confined to the liver except for 1 hepatoblastoma patient with pulmonary metastases at presentation. Tumor response to PLADO was evaluable in 10 children (8 HB, 2 HCC) treated with preoperative chemotherapy and in another 2 HB patients treated when they developed pulmonary metastases after initial treatment with surgery alone. There were 2 complete responses (2 HB with pulmonary recurrences), 7 very good partial responses (6 HB and 1 HCC), 2 partial responses (1 HB, 1 HCC), and 1 stable disease (HB). The last patient underwent orthotopic liver transplantation whereas all the other patients had their tumor completely excised at delayed surgery. Documented toxicity was BM depression (16 patients), infection (11), vomiting (11), mucositis (3), hearing loss (1), and cardiotoxicity (1). These data indicate that PLADO in continuous infusion is effective in the treatment of malignant epithelial liver tumors with acceptable toxicity.
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PMID:Effectiveness and toxicity of cisplatin and doxorubicin (PLADO) in childhood hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma: a SIOP pilot study. 185 Aug 17

The effectiveness of total body irradiation (TBI) plus local radiotherapy in the treatment of small-cell lung cancer was studied in 13 patients, using 4,000 cGy in 15 fractions over three weeks to the local site and 150 cGy in ten fractions over two weeks to the whole body. The mean survival for 12 patients was 31 weeks, with a median survival of 32 weeks. One patient received six courses of combination chemotherapy for recurrent disease four months after TBI without marrow depression and survived 72 weeks, the longest survivor in this series. Brain metastases occurred in only one patient, the most common site of metastases being the liver. All patients tolerated TBI well without nausea, vomiting or hair loss. When bone marrow suppression occurred it was asymptomatic, requiring no treatment and resolving within eight weeks.
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PMID:Total body irradiation as an alternative to systemic chemotherapy in small-cell anaplastic lung cancer. 196 11


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