Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The survival of patients with locally advanced cancer of the cervix (stage IIB, IIIB, and IVA) treated with conventional intracavitary radium remains unsatisfactory. Over 50% of these patients are local failures and die with uncontrolled tumor in the pelvis. In 1978, we began performing transperineal interstitial implants to the parametria in patients with advanced disease. One hundred six evaluable patients (34 IIB, 67 IIIB, and five IVA) received one (99) or two interstitial implants (7) following 40-50 Gy of external supervoltage external irradiation. In addition, seven patients underwent exploratory staging laparotomies concurrently with the first implant procedure. Mean follow-up is 23 months and range is 12-60 months. Control of the pelvic tumor has been documented in 85%, 75%, and 40% of stage IIB, IIIB and IVA patients, respectively. Seven patients developed distant metastases and three died of intercurrent disease with no evidence of pelvic relapse. Nineteen patients (18%) developed radiation-related complications: proctitis or cystitis (six), rectal stenosis (six), ulceration and necrosis of the vaginal wall (one), and recto- or vesicovaginal fistula (six). It is noteworthy that 7/11 patients (64%) who had radioactive sources placed on the surface of the vaginal obturator as a substitute for an intrauterine tandem developed severe complications. We conclude that transperineal interstitial irradiation is both safe and an effective modality in the treatment of advanced cancer of the cervix.
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PMID:Treatment of locally advanced cancer of the cervix with transperineal interstitial irradiation. Report on 106 cases. 663 76

Although protein-energy malnutrition is common in the cancer patient, the efficacy of aggressive nutritional therapy is unclear. This study evaluates the effects of protein deficiency on tumor growth, response, and chemotherapy complications in primary and metastatic rat hepatoma. Seventy-two ACI rats (200-250 g) with implanted Morris hepatoma were divided into four groups (N = 18 for each group): 1, regular diet; 2, regular diet plus cyclophosphamide (CPM) (100 mg/kg/ip); 3, protein-free diet; and 4, protein-free diet + CPM. Forty additional rats in similar groups (5-8, ten in each group) underwent intravenous injection of 6 X 10(3) tumor cells to produce pulmonary metastases. Animals were assessed for survival, tumor size, serum albumin, number of pulmonary metastases, and hemorrhagic cystitis at 2 weeks. Survival was 50% in groups 4 and 8, and 100% in the others. Serum albumin was significantly lower in rats on protein free diets (2.59 +/- 0.37 vs 3.35 +/- 0.40 g%, P less than 0.01). Tumor volume was significantly reduced by CPM (26.0 +/- 4.2 cm3 vs 1.2 +/- 0.4 cm3, P less than 0.01). Protein-free diets resulted in lower total body weight, and reduced tumor volume without, but not with CPM (14 +/- 1.6 cm3 P less than 0.05, 1.1 +/- 0.3 cm3, P less than 0.05 vs above controls). CPM reduced the number of pulmonary metastases in regular diet groups (307.2 +/- 108.3 vs 36 +/- 11, P less than 0.01), while protein free diets did not significantly affect metastases, without or with CPM (251.7 +/- 71.4 and 22.3 +/- 12.4, P greater than 0.05 vs controls). Hemorrhagic cystitis was much more common in protein free groups compared to rats on regular diets (55 vs 11%, P less than 0.01). These data indicate that protein deficiency did not affect response to chemotherapy in a primary or metastatic rat hepatoma model. However, protein deficiency results in a significantly increased rate of mortality, weight loss, and hemorrhagic cystitis which may lead to delay or cessation of cancer therapy.
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PMID:The effect of protein deficiency on growth and response of primary and metastatic hepatoma. 684 9

This study is of 92 patients who were treated for Stage III carcinoma of the cervix in the Henri Becquerel Centre. We have ruled out the 11 patients who refused to complete their treatment or who died before treatment started. The average age was 63 years. The Stage III cases were divided into 40 Stage III A and 41 Stage III B, with 10 who had urinary tract involvement. These were epidermoid carcinomata. The treatment was by external radiotherapy followed by superimposed radium therapy in 66 cases. 15 patients were treated by external radiotherapy alone. The lumboartic nodes were treated in the area that was irradiated in 5 patients. The actuarial figures for survival work out at 51 per cent at 5 years for Stage III A cases and 34 per cent for Stage III B cases. Pelvic recurrences were responsible for 87 per cent of the failures. In fact, in almost 87 per cent of the cases the area was not completely sterilised. The percentage of failures was higher in the group that had altered lymphograms. The prognosis was worst when the upper urinary tract was affected. All patients who had positive lymphograms or those that were suspicious of having lumboaortic nodes involved died. In the 15 patients who did not have added radium therapy there were 13 cases who were not sterilised and 1 that recurred at 13 months. In 32 per cent of cases the failures in the pelvis were associated with pathology in distant lymph nodes and/or with visceral metastases. We found 13 per cent of solitary metastases. Between 5 and 10 years the failure rate is 9 per cent with a level of 6.3 per cent of pelvic recurrences associated or not associated with metastases or even with complications. Our patients had 8 rectosigmoid complications of which 2 needed a diversion colostomy. There were 7 cases of cystitis after X-ray, in the majority of a benign nature, and 2 bony complications that recovered spontaneously. After a study of the diagnosis and treatment of Stage III cancer of the cervix, the discussion compares the results found in this study with those to be found in the literature.
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PMID:[Stage III cancer of the cervix. The diagnosis, treatment and prognosis in a series of 92 patients (author's transl)]. 746 74

During the years 1960-1974 out of 1002 patients with endometrial carcinoma 256 underwent primary surgery and 846 primary irradiation. The evaluation of the results of 4 different surgical methods showed despite a different distribution of the stages of the cancer that Werthein's operation and abdominal hysterectomy and adnexectomy with simultaneous lymphnodectomy had statistically significant better results than abdominal hysterectomy without lymphonodectomy. By surgery a 5 years survival time was achieved in 83.6% (214 cases) with a primary mortality rate of 0.39% and an incidence of histologically proved lymphnode-metastases of 6.78%. Out of the 846 patients with generally or locally inoperable endometrial carcinomas, who underwent primary intracavitary irradiation 411 (48.6%) achieved a 5 years survival time. After irradiation in 9.9% reversible reactions (severe proctitis and cystitis) and in 2% irreversible complications (fistulas) were observed. After an observation period of 5 years 625 of the total of 1002 treated patients (62.4%) were alive and free of symptoms.
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PMID:[The possibilities of optimal therapy of corpus uteri cancer (author's transl)]. 746 73

Synovial sarcoma with pulmonary metastases appeared to be sensitive to multiagent chemotherapy of Pirarubicin, Ifosfamide, and Vincristine Sulfate. However, this chemotherapy regimen could not be continued because of severe hemorrhagic cystitis due to the toxicity of Ifosfamide. Even in the advanced stage, this multiagent chemotherapy would be useful for the treatment of synovial sarcoma, if hemorrhagic cystitis could be prevented.
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PMID:[Combination effect of pirarubicin, ifosfamide, and vincristine sulfate in the treatment of advanced synovial sarcoma--report of a case]. 766 75

The present study concerns 140 patients with loco-regional prostatic cancer, treated with external beam irradiation at the CRLC Val-d'Aurelle in Montpellier, France, between 1982 and 1988, with a minimum of 54 months follow-up. The local control after radiotherapy is 78.6%, all stages and histological grades combined. The median overall survival is 114 months and the median disease-free survival 59 months. The most frequent modality of treatment failure is metastatic disease, isolated (32.8%) or combined to local relapse (10%). The rate of urinary intolerance symptoms during treatment was 87.1 and 80.6% for the digestive ones. The late urinary complications and sequellae rate was 21.4% for the cystitis-type and 12.9% for post-radiotherapy urethral strictures; the latter has imposed in 2/3 of cases one or more trans-urethral resections that never showed pathological signs of recurrence. Digestive complications and sequellae occurred in 31.3% of the patients; in the latter group there were two internal digestive fistulae which needed surgical treatment and three postradiotherapeutic stenosis of the anal canal. The prognostic factors revealed by statistical analysis are clinical stage, pathological grade for overall and disease-free survival, age for overall survival and trans-urethral resection for disease-free survival, the latter being equally a risk factor for cystitis-type complications and urethral strictures.
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PMID:[Radiotherapy of prostatic cancer at the loco-regional stage: therapeutic results and prognostic factors]. 770 3

Clinical, laboratory, ultrasonic, X-ray, and endoscopic methods were used to specify the cause of macrohematuria from the urinary tract at all levels. Seventy-two patients with macrohematuria were examined; in 37 the process was localizes in the urinary tract (pelvic tumors in 2, calculi in 14, bladder tumors in 9, hemorrhagic cystitis in 2, cystic diverticuli in 3, tuberculosis in 1, prostatic adenoma in 2, prostatic cancer in 4, cases). An ultrasonic examination, though a valuable method, failed to detect papillary tumors of the pelvis when used alone. Transabdominal and transrectal ultrasonic examinations are sufficient to diagnose calculi, diverticuli, or cancer of the bladder, and the advantages of computer-aided tomography over ultrasonic examination in the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma are doubtful. Examination of the prostate by transabdominal and transrectal ultrasonic methods helps to assess its true size and shape, detect changes in these parameters both in prostatitis and in tumors, including metastases of the tumor into adjacent organs and tissues. The problem of recognizing metastases of cancer of the bladder and prostate, when computer-aided tomography and magnetic imaging are of no avail for today, is still to be solved.
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PMID:[Clinical and radiologic diagnosis of etiology of macrohematuria from urinary tract]. 778 97

Verrucous carcinoma of the bladder unassociated with bilharzial cystitis is rare with only 6 cases reported to date. Verrucous carcinoma of the bladder, like that involving the cervix, vagina, oral cavity, perineum and lower extremities, may invade surrounding structures but remain surgically curable. Although it is similar to condyloma acuminatum, verrucous carcinoma is considered malignant because of its invasive growth pattern and it should be treated accordingly. However, no evidence of metastases has been noted to date. To our knowledge we report the first case of extravesical extension of verrucous carcinoma of the bladder that was treated successfully by surgical removal.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of verrucous carcinoma of the bladder unassociated with bilharzial cystitis: case report and literature review. 781 2

To determine the potential prognostic value of epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin), a Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecule, we have analysed its immunoreactivity and cellular localisation in 67 transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) using an avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase technique on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. These results were correlated with histopathological grade, tumour stage, presence of metastases and survival. In addition, 10 cystitis and 11 normal bladder biopsies were evaluated as controls. E-cadherin was expressed in a normal membranous pattern in all normal and 7 of 10 cystitis biopsies. Loss of normal surface E-cadherin expression was found in 3 of 15 superficial tumours and in 48 of 52 invasive cancers. Abnormal immunoreactivity was strictly related to tumour differentiation and stage. Fifteen of 20 well-differentiated (grade I) tumours showed preserved membranous E-cadherin immunoreactivity, while 46 of 47 moderate and poorly differentiated tumours (grades II and III) demonstrated abnormal staining patterns. Loss of membranous E-cadherin immunoreactivity was also associated with advanced tumour stage. There was a significantly higher 5-year survival rate for patients with preserved membranous staining compared with patients with abnormal staining.
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PMID:E-cadherin expression in bladder cancer using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues: correlation with histopathological grade, tumour stage and survival. 855 Feb 36

A retrospective analysis of 160 cases of bladder tumors in females revealed that in 9 of these cases cancer in the bladder arose 1 to 22 years after radiation for uterine and breast cancer. This secondary tumor manifested in 2 females as dysuria, in one of them transition cell cancer of the bladder followed Brunno's cystitis 2 years after the cystitis diagnosis. The other patients had macrohematuria. Being a frequent complication of radiotherapy of pelvic cancer, dysuria and macrohematuria should not be considered as a sign of radiation-induced cystitis. Such patients should be carefully followed up with annual microscopic and cytological examinations of residual urine and cystoscopic control.
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PMID:[Ionizing radiation and bladder cancer]. 903 11


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