Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Malignant tumors of the temporal bone are rare neoplasms. Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is the most common malignant tumor of minor salivary glands, while a quite rare tumor of the major. It is considered a slow-growing tumor with a course that is characterized by local recurrences and late distant metastases to lungs (80-90%), bone and liver. When metastases occur in bone especially the spine, the course of disease is usually fulminant. Intracranial involvement can occur by direct extension, hematogenous or perineural spread and represents an advanced stage of the disease. In this paper, we present a rare case of temporal bone ACC reporting for the first time simultaneous bony and pulmonary distant metastases. The origin, the pathology, the imaging techniques, the differential diagnosis, the treatment options and the prognosis of these tumors are discussed.
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PMID:Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the temporal bone with distant metastases. 1252 58

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the mammary gland is considered a rare entity with a favourable prognosis, accounts for < 1% of the breast malignancies. We report herein the case of a 57 year old woman who presented a breast mass. A mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection was performed. None of 15 axillary lymph nodes contained metastases, and the patient remains well and free from recurrence 12 months after her operation.
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PMID:[Cystic adenoid carcinoma of the mammary gland]. 1270 53

Basaloid proliferations of the prostate with morphologic patterns other than usual basal cell hyperplasia are rare, and the distinction between benign and malignant lesions has been difficult. We describe 23 such lesions and classify them into two groups: adenoid cystic-like hyperplasia and adenoid cystic or basaloid carcinoma. Adenoid cystic-like hyperplasia (n = 19) was characterized by an older age at presentation (mean, 71.8 years), transition zone location with background of nodular hyperplasia, multifocality, lobulation, circumscription, and small acini with occasional hyalinization. A cribriform pattern limited to small- and medium-sized glands, squamous metaplasia, and hypercellular myxoid stroma were occasionally seen. Adenoid cystic carcinoma (n = 3) was characterized by a younger age at presentation (mean, 46.0 years), peripheral zone involvement, and large acini that were often dilated and exhibited extensive interanastomoses, prominent intraglandular hyalinization, perineural invasion, and extraprostatic extension. Basaloid carcinoma (n = 1) showed infiltration between normal glands, perineural invasion, and extraprostatic extension but lacked a cribriform architecture. The degree of cytologic atypia and mitotic rate overlapped between the hyperplasia and carcinoma cases. Both hyperplastic lesions and adenoid cystic carcinomas showed a basal cell phenotype with strong immunoreactivity to cytokeratins 14 and 34betaE12, but the basaloid carcinoma was negative for these markers. In all cases, the proliferating basal cells were nonreactive for myoepithelial and prostatic secretory cell markers. The 8 patients with adenoid cystic-like hyperplasia with available follow-up information had no progression of disease (mean follow-up period, 8.6 years). One patient with adenoid cystic carcinoma died with widespread metastases, but the 3 other patients with carcinomas had no disease progression (mean follow-up period, 7.0 years). In conclusion, most florid basaloid proliferations of the prostate fall into one of two categories. In the first, there is a clear association with nodular hyperplasia (adenoid cystic-like hyperplasia) and, although cytologic atypia and mitoses may be seen, they are present within a lesion that retains an orderly, vaguely nodular (noninfiltrative) pattern. The second group of cases (adenoid cystic and basaloid carcinoma) shows a widespread, haphazard infiltrative growth pattern. This study suggests that adenoid cystic carcinomas are biologically indolent following prostatectomy but have a low risk of distant metastasis.
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PMID:Basal cell proliferations of the prostate other than usual basal cell hyperplasia: a clinicopathologic study of 23 cases, including four carcinomas, with a proposed classification. 1537 44

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare epithelial tumor with a distinct natural history characterized by an indolent but persistent growth, late onset of distant metastases and eventual death of patients. Between 1991 and 2003, 23 patients with ACC were treated in our Department. Surgery with a curative intent followed by radiotherapy (RT) was applied in 22 patients. Complete resection was achieved in 72.73% of patients. Local recurrence occurred in 26% of patients. Positive margins emerged as the only statistically significant parameter (p < 0.0001) influencing the development of local recurrence. Distant metastasis (DM) occurred in 47.8% of patients. In 54.5% of the patients developing DM, this occurred between 5 and 10 years after the initial treatment. DM was influenced by perineural invasion (p = 0.04) and was disassociated from local control of the tumor. The mean overall survival of our patients was 70.58 months and the mean disease free survival 61.85 months. Perineural invasion (p = 0.048) and DM (p = 0.001) had a statistically significant impact on final patients' outcome. The most important factor influencing survival was DM. Its late onset, irrespectively of local control, supports the hypothesis that ACC has a potential to develop DM in the very early phases of tumor growth.
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PMID:Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck. Clinicopathological analysis of 23 patients and review of the literature. 1574 96

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an indolent tumor that pursues a protracted clinical course with recurrences and late metastases. The aim of this study was to investigate immunohistochemically the expression of p53, bcl-2 protein, and Ki-67 in 21 cases of ACC of the palate, all with a minimum of 10 years and a maximum of 22 years of clinical follow-up. These results were also analyzed with regard to different clinical prognoses of the histologic subtypes of ACC. High expression of p53 and bcl-2 was noted in 19 out of 21 ACC cases (90%), in which most tumor cells (from 66% to 99%) proved to be immunopositive. A relation to the histologic types, clinical staging, and survival was not found. Therefore, the high immunoreactivity against these oncoproteins in the same tumor cells suggests that these two oncogenes may be involved since the early stage of carcinogenesis. Loss of function of the p53 protein combined with bcl-2 upregulation might give the tumor cells a double growth advantage, because uncontrolled proliferation is combined with a reduced cell death rate. The interaction with other oncogenes may then trigger a multistep process able to promote tumor progression. The low labeling index Ki-67 was detected in nine out of 21 cases (42%), with a low percentage of tumor cells (from 3% to 15%) being positive, whereas the remaining 12 cases were negative. We found no relation to the histologic types, clinical staging, and survival; however, the low proliferation rate could explain the natural course of tumor.
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PMID:P53, bcl-2 and Ki-67 expression in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the palate. A clinico-pathologic study of 21 cases with long-term follow-up. 1579 22

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast is a rare neoplasm, accounting for only 0.1 % of all breast carcinomas. An intriguing factor of ACC in the breast is its good prognosis compared to ACC in other locations, mainly in the minor salivary glands. The incidence of axillary lymph node involvement is also very low compared to that of other breast tumors, and distant metastases are uncommon. We report the case of a 65-year-old woman with a 2-year history of a well-circumscribed breast nodule sonographically thought to be a lymph node which was later excised because of rapid growth. Histologic examination showed an adenoid cystic carcinoma with squamous differentiation originating in a fibroadenoma. A review of the literature reveals no previous report of such a case.
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PMID:Adenoid cystic carcinoma arising in a fibroadenoma. 1594 59

Adenoid cystic carcinoma exhibits a diverse clinical behaviour from very localised invasion to widespread metastatases. Recently two adenoid cystic carcinoma cells lines have been isolated and cultured which distinctly show either a low metastatic tendency (Acc-2) or a highly metastatic behaviour (Acc-M). It was hypothesised that these two types of behaviour may at least in part be explained by the different integrin profile on the cells' surface membrane. The integrins represent the largest known family of cell adhesion molecules and a number of tumour cell processes have been shown to be dependant on their integrin expression. Adenoid cystic carcinoma cells of both types were obtained and successfully cultured. These were then subjected to integrin analysis by a number of monoclonal antibodies to alpha(1), alpha(2), alpha(3), alpha(v), alpha(6), beta(1), alpha(v)beta6, alpha(v)beta4 using a fluorescence activated cell sorter. Although there was an apparent difference of integrin expression in the Acc-M group as compared to the Acc-2 group, this was not statistically significant. It is still possible though, that this might account for the differences in behaviour of the two cell lines, and the relationship between integrins, and invasion and metastases in other tumours is discussed. The pattern of integrin expression in Acc may be prognostically significant and useful for treatment planning in the future.
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PMID:Integrins in metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma. 1611 68

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) accounts for about 1% of all head and neck malignancies. It has a tendency for a prolonged clinical course, with local recurrences and distant metastases sometimes occurring many years after presentation. Standard treatment for salivary gland ACC is surgery and post-operative radiotherapy. The aim of this review was to examine the reported efficacy of various chemotherapy regimens and molecular therapies on recurrent/metastatic salivary gland ACC. One hundred and fourteen publications were reviewed on chemotherapy as well as possible molecular targets of therapy, including KIT, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth receptor-2 (HER-2), oestrogen and progesterone receptors, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Ki-67 and the p53, bcl-2 and SOX-4 genes. Reported response rates to combination chemotherapy are low and response duration generally short lived. The response to molecular therapies is low also. More research into novel molecular targets is needed.
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PMID:Salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma: a review of chemotherapy and molecular therapies. 1675 3

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast is a rare neoplasm accounting for 0.1% of all breast carcinomas, and presenting most commonly as a painful breast mass. In contrast to the aggressive nature of ACC at other sites, ACC of the breast has a favorable prognosis, lymph node involvement or distant metastases seldom occur. Treatment is basically of simple mastectomy. Chemotherapy, radiation and hormonal treatment have been infrequently used and evaluated. We report a case of ACC of the breast managed with mastectomy and review the literature.
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PMID:Primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast: case report and review of the literature. 1681 52

Minor salivary gland tumors of the buccal vestibule are relatively rare. Adenoid cystic carcinoma is the fifth most common salivary gland malignancy following mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS), acinic cell adenocarcinoma and polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA). Greater than half of adenoid cystic carcinomas occur in the parotid and submandibular glands. The most common intraoral site is the palate. Adenoid cystic carcinoma tends to have a protracted clinical course with wide infiltration and late distant metastases. We present a case of an adenoid cystic carcinoma of the buccal vestibule in a 59-year-old Caucasian female patient that she had been aware of for 15 years.
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PMID:Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the buccal vestibule: A case report and review of the literature. 1699 86


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