Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The role of the radiation therapist in the management of malignant intraocular tumors is changing. With more active identification of malignant intraocular tumors, and a better recognization of the manner in which one can deal with problems of radiation sensitivity, radiation techniques of all sorts will be more actively employed in the treatment of these tumors. Special techniques must be selected for appropriate circumstances of management in order to diminish to an absolute minimum the impact upon the lens, the impact upon visual acuity and the impact upon the cornea. Cobalt-60 plaques are being used more commonly in the treatment of melanomas of the choroid, and the role for radiation therapy in the management of retinoblastoma is changing markably to where it may be used as the primary treatment program rather than enucleation. In metastatic disease involving the uveal tract, radiation therapy has assumed the most important role for management. Chemotherapy should be considered as an active adjuvant in the management of not only those individuals with retinoblastoma but also in those identified circumstances where metastases to the uveal tract are being treated. The role for chemotherapy or immunotherapy in malignant melanoma is unclear.
 ...
PMID:Malignant intraocular tumors. 680 Jun 27

Fluorophotometry using the Metricon Model 120 slit-lamp fluorophotometer showed, at an anterior focus, two peaks which corresponded to the cornea and ciliary region--the latter predominantly due to the ciliary body but contributed to by the lens--and following this, at a posterior focus, a mid-vitreous minimum and a chorioretinal peak. Tracings made both before and after fluorescein injection were similar but the levels were higher post-injection, with increasing age and with non-pigmented irides. The change in fluorescein distribution with time after injection is described. Abnormally high fluorescein levels were found in the normal fellow eye in retinal vein occlusion, in diabetes, in senile macular degeneration with neovascular membrane, in active central serious retinopathy and in acute optic neuritis. It is of use in the differentiation of primary choroidal melanoma from naevus and metastases. There was no correlation between isolated measurements of the haemoglobin A1C level and leakage; plasma and ultrafiltrate fluorescein levels in diabetics did not differ from normal.
 ...
PMID:Experiences with fluorophotometry. 710 62

Two contradictory actions have been ascribed to thalidomide relative to tumor metastasis: immunosuppression and anti-angiogenesis. The latter effect was determined with basic fibroblast growth factor in a rabbit cornea micropocket assay system. The prostate adenocarcinoma (PA-III) transplanted tumor line in Lobund-Wistar (L-W) rats produces a tumor at the subcutaneous implant site from which tumor cells metastasize uniformly only through lymphatic channels through the heart to the lungs in which secondary tumors develop. L-W rats were implanted with PA-III cells and administered, by gavage, thalidomide (50 mg/kg body wt per day) in corn oil. Control rats with PA-III cells were administered corn oil. Autopsy examinations on day 30 revealed that the thalidomide-treated rats developed more metastatic tumor foci in the lungs than in the controls.
 ...
PMID:Thalidomide promotes metastasis of prostate adenocarcinoma cells (PA-III) in L-W rats. 862 77

E-selectin, an endothelial cell adhesion molecule, mediates the initial step of leucocyte adhesion to activated vascular endothelium. The soluble isoform of E-selectin promotes angiogenesis in rat cornea. In the present study, we investigated whether leucocyte adhesion and angiogenesis are also involved in tumour progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer. Therefore, we determined the level of circulating soluble E-selectin in serum samples of 38 patients with colorectal cancer; 20 patients with non-metastatic and 18 patients with metastatic disease. Median levels of soluble E-selectin were found to be significantly higher in metastatic tumour disease (88.7 ng/ml, range 25-203 ng/ml) than in healthy controls (34.9 ng/ml, range 15-59 ng/ml, P = 0.01), in patients with primary tumours or with local recurrences (39.5 ng/ml, range 22-100 ng/ml). Furthermore, there was no correlation with the serum level of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen or tumour necrosis factor alpha suggesting that the elevation of E-selectin is independent of inflammation in tumour patients. Therefore, we propose that elevated soluble E-selectin may reflect increased neovascularisation in metastatic tumour tissue.
 ...
PMID:Elevated serum E-selectin in patients with liver metastases of colorectal cancer. 875 56

Thalidomide was recently suggested to be angiogenesis-inhibitor following the demonstration of its activity in a rabbit cornea micropocket model. The purpose of the present study was to test its efficacy in solid tumors in mice. B16-F10 melanoma and CT-26 colon carcinoma cells were injected subcutaneously, intravenously and intraperitoneally, and mice received daily gavage of 0.3-1.0 mg thalidomide starting either two or 10 days following tumor cell injection. The tumors were measured and compared with controls. There was no growth retardation in CT-26 bearing mice nor in mice with pulmonary or peritoneal metastases of B16-F10 melanoma. In 3/7 groups of mice with SC B16-F10 tumors, growth retardation was demonstrated, however the difference was not statistically significant. All tumors eventually reached maximal size, similar to controls. Morphological evaluation of the blood vessels oriented towards the tumor revealed that in both thalidomide and control groups, all mice had developed an intact network of new blood vessels. In our model for the oral administration of thalidomide inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis did not occur. We hypothesize that the lack of sustained antiangiogenic response was either due to immune modulation or to tumor heterogeneity and adaptation.
 ...
PMID:Failure of thalidomide to inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo. 904 40

A 68-year-old man with lung carcinoma and no systemic metastasis presented with a blind, painful right eye. Examination showed no perception of light in the affected eye, elevated intraocular pressure, marked epibulbar hyperemia, and a white placoid mass in the conjunctiva nasally. Although a cataract precluded a clear view of the fundus, ultrasonography disclosed a total retinal detachment and a diffuse thickening of the choroid. Metastatic carcinoma was suspected clinically and the eye was enucleated because of severe, intractable pain. Pathologic examination demonstrated extensively necrotic metastatic adenocarcinoma involving the conjunctiva, peripheral cornea, sclera, iris, ciliary body, choroid, optic nerve, subarachnoid space, and orbit. Metastatic disease usually affects a singular ocular tissue, and it is highly unusual for such widespread ocular involvement to be the first sign of systemic metastasis from a primary neoplasm.
 ...
PMID:Diffuse ocular metastases as an initial sign of metastatic lung cancer. 967 12

Angiogenesis has been correlated with increased invasion and metastases in a variety of human neoplasms. Inadequate inhibition of the growth of tumor microvessels by anticancer agents may result in treatment failure, rated clinically as progressive or stable disease. We have investigated the antiangiogenic properties of three camptothecin analogues, 9-amino-20(S)-camptothecin, topotecan, and camptosar (CPT-11), currently under investigation in clinical settings. Angiogenesis was induced by basic fibroblast growth factor in the cornea of inbred Swiss-Webster mice, with the aim of exploring the suppression of neovascularization by the analogues injected into the mice daily over a period of 6 days. The dose range chosen is known to inhibit, in the mouse model, the growth of various human tumor xenografts or murine tumors. The statistical analysis evaluated the association between the area of neoangiogenesis and the dose of the drugs tested and correlated the effects with observed drug toxicity. It was established that, as the drug doses increased, the area of neovascularization decreased, appearing to approximate a negative exponential curve. 9-Amino-20(S)-camptothecin at 6.89 and 8.26 micromol/kg (2.5 and 3.0 mg/kg) and topotecan at 8.31 micromol/kg (3.5 mg/kg), both drugs being delivered over a 6-day period, had statistically significant reduction (47.2-72.5%) of neoangiogenesis and acceptable toxicity. At higher doses of the two analogues, toxic body-weight losses and deaths were observed. CPT-11 showed statistically significant reduction of neoangiogenesis at a dose of 359 micromol/kg (210 mg/kg) delivered over a 6-day course. Unlike camptothecin analogues, the nontoxic dose of vincristine did not induce a statistically significant inhibition of angiogenesis, and there was no dose-dependent escalation of antiangiogenic effects. The results indicate that camptothecins are most likely cytotoxic against two tumor compartments: in addition to tumor cells of epithelial origin, the drugs act against endothelial cells and prevent the growth of the tumor microvessels. We have hypothesized that treatment failure in some patients is due to incomplete or inadequate inhibition of the microvessel growth by camptothecins. Presumably, an intensive inhibition of the remaining tumor microvasculature in such patients could be achieved by combining a camptothecin with another antiangiogenic anticancer agent or with a highly selective angiogenic inhibitor exerting minimal dose-limiting toxicity. Such treatment by a camptothecin plus a less toxic inhibitor of angiogenesis can improve antitumor efficacy. To validate this concept, preclinical studies followed by clinical trials are planned.
 ...
PMID:Antiangiogenic effects of camptothecin analogues 9-amino-20(S)-camptothecin, topotecan, and CPT-11 studied in the mouse cornea model. 991 17

Neovascularization is essential for growth and spread of primary and metastatic tumors. We have identified a novel cytokine, endothelial-monocyte activating polypeptide (EMAP) II, that potently inhibits tumor growth, and appears to have antiangiogenic activity. Mice implanted with Matrigel showed an intense local angiogenic response, which EMAP II blocked by 76% (P < 0.001). Neovascularization of the mouse cornea was similarly prevented by EMAP II (P < 0.003). Intraperitoneally administered EMAP II suppressed the growth of primary Lewis lung carcinomas, with a reduction in tumor volume of 65% versus controls (P < 0.003). Tumors from human breast carcinoma-derived MDA-MB 468 cells were suppressed by >80% in EMAP II-treated animals (P < 0.005). In a lung metastasis model, EMAP II blocked outgrowth of Lewis lung carcinoma macrometastases; total surface metastases were diminished by 65%, and of the 35% metastases present, approximately 80% were inhibited with maximum diameter <2 mm (P < 0.002 vs. controls). In growing capillary endothelial cultures, EMAP II induced apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner, whereas other cell types were unaffected. These data suggest that EMAP II is a tumor-suppressive mediator with antiangiogenic properties allowing it to target growing endothelium and limit establishment of neovasculature.
 ...
PMID:Endothelial-monocyte activating polypeptide II, a novel antitumor cytokine that suppresses primary and metastatic tumor growth and induces apoptosis in growing endothelial cells. 1043 Jun 23

Maspin, a unique member of the serpin family, is a secreted protein encoded by a class II tumor suppressor gene whose downregulation is associated with the development of breast and prostate cancers. Overexpression of maspin in breast tumor cells limits their growth and metastases in vivo. In this report we demonstrate that maspin is an effective inhibitor of angiogenesis. In vitro, it acted directly on cultured endothelial cells to stop their migration towards basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor and to limit mitogenesis and tube formation. In vivo, it blocked neovascularization in the rat cornea pocket model. Maspin derivatives mutated in the serpin reactive site lost their ability to inhibit the migration of fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and breast cancer cells but were still able to block angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. When maspin was delivered locally to human prostate tumor cells in a xenograft mouse model, it blocked tumor growth and dramatically reduced the density of tumor-associated microvessels. These data suggest that the tumor suppressor activity of maspin may depend in large part on its ability to inhibit angiogenesis and raise the possibility that maspin and similar serpins may be excellent leads for the development of drugs that modulate angiogenesis.
 ...
PMID:Maspin is an angiogenesis inhibitor. 1065 9

176 patients with HIV-infection and AIDS were examined. 77 of them underwent various surgical interventions the most frequent of which were: opening of abscess and phlegmons--14 (23%), biopsy of lymphatic nodes--10 (13.1%), appendectomy--5 (6.2%), condyloma excision--21 (27.2%), removal of uterus adnexa--2 (2.5%), pleural puncture--4 (5.9%), cholecyst- and splenectomy--5 (8.2%). Operations for stomach cancer (creation of gastroenteroanastomosis), extrauterine pregnancy, brain tumor (drainage of IV ventricle of the brain), penetrating wound of cornea were performed less often. 43 patients underwent emergency operations without preoperative preparation, 34 patients underwent elective operations. The causes of 6 deaths were secondary diseases (Kaposi's sarcoma, purulent processes, metastases, pulmonary edema). There were no complications and blood changes in postoperative period in infected patients. These patients were discharged in the same terms as non-infected patients. In patients with AIDS, especially in combination with other infections, fever persisted long after the operation. The wound healed by first intention in all the patients, but the sutures were removed on day 10-30. Immunologically, a high ratio T-suppressors/T-helpers existed. An increase in fibrinolytic activity without high tissues hemorrhage was observed.
 ...
PMID:[Surgical interventions in HIV-infected and patients with AIDS]. 1095 70


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 Next >>