Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

After a classification in benign and malignant tumours and in pigmented and non-pigmented growth, attention is drawn to the fact that most of the tumours lie in the palpebral fissure and are benign. Leukoplakia is a clinical description but not a diagnosis. Both the benign and the malignant growths can be called Leukoplakia. The intra-epithelial epithelioma is often incorrectly diagnosed as Bowen's disease. This disease of the skin and the intraepithelial epithelioma of the limbus are histologically quite different, and therefore the term Bowen's disease is incorrect. Not all the various tumours occur with the same incidence, e. g. the squamous cell carcinoma occurs more often in some countries than in others. The malignant melanomas of the conjunctiva are not so malignant as in the caruncle or cornea. In the conjunctiva secundary melanomas can occur after penetration of an intraocular melanoma through the sclera; similary metastases can occur in the form of epibulbar tumours. In all cases the epibulbar tumour should be excised very carefully and a histological examination is necessary for the diagnosis.
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PMID:[Epibulbar tumours (author's transl)]. 48 Aug 13

Not only local parameters but also genetic determinants like the HLA genes may play a role in the development and clinical behavior of malignant tumors. In skin melanoma the presence of HLA-B40 is associated with a poor prognosis. We tested the hypothesis that the clinical behavior of uveal melanoma is influenced by the HLA type of the patient. The HLA types of 44 patients with uveal melanoma had been determined before operation with a view to using the cornea of the enucleated eye for an HLA-matched corneal transplantation. We compared the ABO and HLA types of the patients with the development of metastases and with the ten-year patient survival. An association was observed between the presence of HLA-B40 and death due to metastasis of uveal melanoma. We conclude that the HLA type of the patient may influence the clinical behavior not only of skin melanoma but also of uveal melanoma.
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PMID:Possible relation between HLA and ABO type and prognosis of uveal melanoma. 130 26

Methods were developed to test angiogenic response to human tumor implants and various biologic agents in the cornea of rabbits and non-human primates (Macaca arctoides). Crude PDGF preparations were found to have significant angiogenic effect. Purified, recombinant PDGF preparations were also effective inhibitors (e.g. pentoxifylline (Px) (which also were found to release PgI2 and t-PA) inhibited human tumor implant induced angiogenesis and reduced spontaneous metastases in 3 transplantable murine tumors (Furth-Columbia Wilms' tumor in Furth-Wistar rats, C-1300 neuroblastoma in A/J mice and HM-Kim mammary carcinoma in Wistar rats) but not in the NIH adenocarcinoma in Balb/c mice. Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC), a metal complexing agent with special affinity to copper and anti-thyroid as well as, immune stimulating activity was shown to be anti-angiogenic and to potentiate the effect of Px. The anti-fibrinolytic agents epsilon amino caproic acid (EACA) and tranaxamic acid (t-AMCHA) were anti-angiogenic. DDTC and Px were synergistic from this point of view.
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PMID:Studies on tumor induced angiogenesis. 137 68

Between 1969 and 1985, 45 patients with carcinomas of the nasal cavity proper received curative treatment. Thirty patients had squamous cell carcinoma, one had undifferentiated carcinoma, 9 had adenocarcinoma, and 5 had adenoid cystic carcinoma. Eighteen patients were treated with definitive radiotherapy (interstitial brachytherapy in 5 and external beam therapy in 13 patients), and 27 received surgery and radiotherapy. The median length of follow-up was 11 years (range: 2.8-16.8 years). Thirty-six patients had no evidence of disease at the last follow-up visit. All 14 patients with carcinoma of the nasal septum had the disease controlled. Nine of 31 patients with lesions of the lateral wall and floor died of the disease, 5 of uncontrolled local disease, 2 of distant metastases, and 2 of both. The disease-specific survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 83 and 80%, respectively, and the corresponding overall survival rates were 75 and 60%, respectively. Blindness occurred in 4 patients, 2 due to orbital exenteration and 2 to radiation injury to the cornea and optic pathway. Other infrequent side effects were bone necrosis, dental decay, nasal stenosis, and septal perforation. This study indicated that the prognosis of patients with nasal cavity carcinoma was better than that of patients with maxillary sinus cancer treated during the same era. In addition, the study showed that carcinomas of the nasal septum were smaller than those of lateral wall and floor at diagnosis, so that excellent control could be achieved by definitive radiotherapy; when accessible, interstitial brachytherapy might be the treatment of choice in such patients.
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PMID:Carcinomas of the nasal cavity. 141 May 70

Neoplastic cells require an appropriate pericellular environment and new formation of stroma and blood vessels in order to constitute a solid tumor. Tumor progression also involves degradation of various extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents. In this review we have focused on the possible involvement of ECM-resident growth factors and enzymes in neovascularization and cell invasion. We demonstrate that the pluripotent angiogenic factor, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is an ECM component required for supporting cell proliferation and differentiation. Basic FGF has been identified in the subendothelial ECM produced in vitro and in basement membranes of the cornea and blood vessels in vivo. Despite the ubiquitous presence of bFGF in normal tissues, endothelial cell (EC) proliferation in these tissues is usually very low, suggesting that bFGF is somehow sequestered from its site of action. Our results indicate that bFGF is bound to heparan sulfate (HS) in the ECM and is released in an active form when the ECM-HS is degraded by cellular heparanase. We propose that restriction of bFGF bioavailability by binding to ECM and local regulation of its release, provides a novel mechanism for regulation of capillary blood vessel growth in normal and pathological situations. Heparanase activity correlates with the metastatic potential of various tumor cells and heparanase inhibiting molecules markedly reduce the incidence of lung metastasis in experimental animals. Heparanase may therefore participate in both tumor cell invasion and angiogenesis through degradation of the ECM-HS and mobilization of ECM-resident EC growth factors. The subendothelial ECM contains also tissue type- and urokinase type- plasminogen activators (PA), as well as PA inhibitor which may regulate cell invasion and tissue remodeling. Heparanase and the ECM-resident PA participate synergistically in sequential degradation of HS-proteoglycans in the ECM. These results together with similar observations on the properties of other ECM-immobilized enzymes and growth factors, suggest that the ECM provides a storage depot for biologically active molecules which are thereby stabilized and protected. This may allow a more localized, regulated and persistent mode of action, as compared to the same molecules in a fluid phase.
Cancer Metastasis Rev 1990 Nov
PMID:Extracellular matrix-resident growth factors and enzymes: possible involvement in tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. 170 86

The paper offers a theoretical foundation and results after clinical approbation of the method developed by the authors for beta therapy by enlarged single doses using, if necessary, a speeded-up fractionating and split courses of radiation. Beta therapy was used in 220 patients with tumors of the eye lids, conjunctiva and cornea, single doses of radiation, 40 Gr daily or each other day. By their morphologic type the tumors were mostly malignant epithelial and pigmented new-formations (sarcoma, melanoma). In the follow-up period, from 1 to 6 years, the following results were recorded: the treatment proved effective for epithelial tumors in 97%, melanocytic--in 73%; recurrences appeared in 3%; the number of postradiation complications made up 6.6%, of them disturbances in visual functions--2%: death from metastases in melanoma--8.7% of cases. The proposed method of radiation allowed to increase indications for beta therapy of this pathology to 5-6 mm of the tumor protrusion, to decrease the number of complications and terms of treatment. As a result of computer analysis of clinical results, a new method for calculation of optimal summary doses of beta radiation was worked out, that can be used by practitioners in conducting beta therapy for tumors of the eye lids, conjunctiva and cornea.
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PMID:[Optimization of methodology and extension of indications for beta therapy of neoplasms of the eyelids, conjunctiva and cornea]. 279 92

We have studied biologically active substances, tumor angiogenesis factors (TAF), which are supposed to be associated with the proliferation and metastases of choriocarcinoma cells. Eight human choriocarcinoma cell lines were used in the present study. TAF activity was assayed by bioassays using BALB/c mice subcutaneous tissue, chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and rabbit cornea in vivo and by proliferation of endothelial cells in vitro. 1. We found a positive correlation between the size of tumors developed in xenotransplantation and the number of blood vessels in the tumor tissues. A correlation between the number of blood vessels and TAF activity was also found. 2. With a gel-filtration method, TAF activity was observed in the common fractions in every cell line. The molecular weight of TAF was more than 10,000 daltons. 3. There was a heterogeneity of TAF activity among the cell lines. From these results, it appears that TAF initiates the choriocarcinoma cell-proliferation.
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PMID:[Fundamental studies on tumor angiogenesis factors with a choriocarcinoma model]. 342 90

Solid fragments of a syngeneic tumor of low immunogenicity were implanted on the anterior surface of the iris or posterior surface of the cornea in young Fischer 344 rats. Growth and metastasis of these implants were examined and compared with those occurring following sc tumor implantation in the flank. Corneal implants did not grow well or metastasize. Iridial implants grew well, and tumor typically filled the eye within a few weeks. If tumor-filled eyes were left intact, all rats died or became moribund 7-9 weeks later. Metastasis was seen in the lungs (11/11), cervical lymph nodes (7/11), body wall (5/11), heart (4/11), kidney (4/11), and liver (3/11). Removal (enucleation) of tumor-filled eyes prior to spread to the orbit prevented the development of overt metastatic disease for 1-2 years (11/11). When healthy enucleated rats were necropsied 0 days to 26 weeks post enucleation, small nodules were seen in the lung (9/13), liver (3/13), or spleen (1/13). Nodules were not seen in rats that had been housed in our animal facility for 1-2 years (16/16), had eye surgery with tumor implanted on the posterior surface of the cornea (6/6), or had been subjected to the surgical procedures of corneal implantation and enucleation (3/3). When tumors were implanted sc, rats died after 6-7 weeks. Metastasis was seen in the lung (12/12), lymph nodes (12/12), spleen (1/12), and liver (1/12). Removal of very small flank tumors failed to prevent animals from dying 7-8 weeks later with pulmonary and lymph node metastasis (10/10). In summary, iridial implantation resulted in an altered pattern of metastasis. Animals that had iridial implants and enucleation failed to develop overt metastatic disease and had small nodules in the lung, liver, or spleen.
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PMID:Metastasis of ocular and flank implants of the 13762NF mammary adenocarcinoma in syngeneic rats. 347 64

The highly metastatic and nonmetastatic variants of the rat tumor BSp73 have been tested for motility in vitro by a phagokinetic assay. Surprisingly, the nonmetastatic variant is locomotional, whereas the highly metastatic variant exhibited stationary motility only. Soluble factors of normal rat serum and medium conditioned by regenerating normal rat lung, or solid constituents of the extracellular matrix material which was exudated by normal rat lung fibroblasts or bovine cornea endothelial cells as well as collagen type III could not stimulate locomotory ability in these tumor cells. However, by contact to rat lung cells they acquired passive mobility. The significance of these cellular properties for their metastatic behavior is discussed.
Invasion Metastasis 1986
PMID:In vitro motility of BSp73 rat tumor cells with different metastatic ability. 378 86

A simple surgical technique for maintaining normal intraocular pressure during enucleation of eyes with a malignant melanoma of the choroid consists of making an incision into the anterior chamber through clear cornea with a microvitreo-retinal blade, followed by the introduction of a No. 21-gauge scalp vein needle or a No. 23-gauge sidewall-holed needle attached to a closed system filled with balanced salt solution. Measurements of pressure fluctuations during five enucleations are given. Such a system maintains the anterior chamber and keeps fluctuations in IOP to a minimum. This may be important in preventing hematogenous dissemination of tumor cells, resulting in metastatic disease.
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PMID:Normal intraocular pressure during enucleation for choroidal melanoma. 665 95


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