Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixteen patients with metastatic carcinoma of the colon were treated with a regimen of leucovorin 200 mg/m2, given as a 10-min infusion followed by a median dose of 833 mg/m2 (range 500-1000 mg/m2) 5-fluorouracil every two weeks. For the 16 patients with proven metastatic disease, two-year survival exceeds 50%. Responses were: 2 complete; 4 partial; 4 minor; 3 progression; and 3 not evaluable but without progression to date. Toxicities include: 8 (50%) leukopenia; 9 (56%), 1 severe thrombocytopenia; 9 (56%), 2 severe, diarrhea; 9 (56%), 3 severe, nausea/vomiting; 8 (50%), 1 severe, stomatitis; 7 (44%) conjunctivitis; 6 (38%) alopecia; and 13 (81%), 3 severe, neurotoxicity. Leucovorin appears to exert a dose-dependent beneficial effect on both the response and survival produced by the intermittent high-dose 5-fluorouracil schedule. This benefit first appears to increase substantially when the leucovorin dose is increased from 120 to 200 mg/m2. Findings identify a testable candidate regimen for selected good risk patients. Full selection criteria remain to be identified.
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PMID:Dose-dependent leucovorin efficacy with an intermittent high-dose 5-fluorouracil schedule. 220 56

This study was designed to assess the role of dosage of chemotherapy for treatment of metastatic breast cancer. One hundred thirty-three patients without prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease were randomly allocated to receive two different dose levels of cyclophosphamide (C), methotrexate (M), and fluorouracil (F), administered intravenously (IV) every 3 weeks. Patients were stratified by sites of disease (visceral, bone, or soft-tissue dominant) and by interval from primary surgery to first recurrence. Doses on the higher-dose arm were 600 mg/m2 (C,F) and 40 mg/m2 (M) with escalation if possible; doses on the lower-dose arm were 300 mg/m2 (C,F) and 20 mg/m2 (M) without escalation. Patients who failed to respond to lower-dose CMF were crossed over to the higher-dose arm. Patients randomized to the higher-dose arm had longer survival measured from initiation of chemotherapy (median survival, 15.6 months v 12.8 months, P = .026 by log-rank test), but the effect of dose was of borderline significance (P approximately 0.12) when adjusted for a chance imbalance between the two arms in the time from first relapse to randomization, using the Cox proportional hazards model. Response rates (International Union Against Cancer [UICC] criteria) for patients with measurable disease were higher-dose arm: 16/53 (30%) and lower-dose arm: 6/53 (11%), (P = .03). Only one of 37 patients responded on crossover from the lower- to the higher-dose arm. Patients experienced more vomiting, myelosuppression, conjunctivitis, and alopecia when receiving higher doses of chemotherapy. A series of 34 linear analogue self-assessment scales were used to make detailed quality of life assessments on a subset of 49 patients. These scales confirmed greater toxicity in the immediate posttreatment period, but also a trend to improvement in general health and some disease-related indices, in patients receiving higher-dose chemotherapy. This trial suggests that better palliation is achieved by using full-dose chemotherapy.
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PMID:A randomized trial of two dose levels of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil chemotherapy for patients with metastatic breast cancer. 291 36

With binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy, fluorescin angiography and ultrasonography 68 choroidal metastases in 52 eyes of 39 patients were diagnosed. The primary tumors were mainly breast cancer (81%) and lung cancer (10%). After radiation treatment the visual acuity improved in 17 eyes (38%), stabilized in 15 eyes (33%), whereas in 13 eyes (29%) deterioration could not be prevented (seven eyes unknown). Regression of the lesions or its accompanying secondary retinal detachment was seen in 78% of the eyes treated. Acute transient side effects of radiation therapy were kerato-conjunctivitis (nine patients) and acute glaucoma in one patient. No cataractous changes of the lens were observed in the post radiation period (one to 42 months). Irradiation of choroidal metastases can contribute to improvement of the quality of life with a treatment scheme of 30 Gy in ten daily fractions.
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PMID:Radiotherapy of choroidal metastases. 249 71

Shope fibroma virus (SFV) causes a localized, self-limited, fibroblastic proliferation in adult rabbits. Extracts of Shope fibroma tumors were found to contain a second virus that induces a rapidly progressive disseminated tumor. Dissemination of this malignant fibroma is associated with activation of commensal mucosal infection with Pasteurella multocida, causing purulent conjunctivitis and rhinitis and resulting in death from nasal obstruction. We have isolated this new agent by two cycles of plaque purification. It is a poxvirus that is antigenically virtually identical to SFV as measured by a plaque reduction assay, but behaves differently both in vivo and in vitro. We have called this virus malignant rabbit fibroma virus (MV). Electrophoresis of restriction digests made with HIND III indicates that despite the antigenic similarity of SFV and MV, the locations of HIND III sites in the two viral genomes are quite different. These experiments have enabled us to determine that MV was present in small quantities in our initial uncloned stock of Patuxent strain SFV. Lymphocytes from rabbits bearing MV-induced tumors responded poorly to both B and T lymphocyte mitogens. This nonspecific immunologic dysfunction is evident at or before the time when metastases and Gram-negative infection develop, and it becomes more profound as the disease progresses. MV-induced tumors may provide a model for Gram-negative infection and decreased immunologic responsiveness associated with malignancies.
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PMID:Malignant rabbit fibroma virus causes secondary immunosuppression in rabbits. 629 5

Pasteurellosis in the rabbit inoculated with a malignant variant of Shope fibroma virus (SFV-MV) is presented as a model for the study of immunosuppression and immunoprophylaxis in pasteurellosis. The rabbits, before the inoculation, were healthy carriers of Pasteurella multocida. They were intradermally inoculated with SFV-MV, and 3 to 6 days later, a primary tumor appeared at the site of inoculation. By postinoculation day (PID) 7 or 8, the rabbits had snuffles, conjunctivitis, and tumor metastases; death occurred on PID 10 to 14. Rabbits given the nonmalignant Patuxent strain of SFV developed local primary tumors, but not pasteurellosis nor metastases. In SFV-MV-inoculated rabbits, there was decreased responsiveness of spleen lymphocytes to B and T cell mitogens by day 6, and of spleen and peripheral blood lymphocytes by day 10. In addition, SFV-MV antigen was detected (by immunofluorescence) in mononuclear phagocytes in all major organs and in epithelial cells of the conjunctiva and nasal mucosa. Both nasal and conjunctival epithelia showed squamous metaplasia as well. These changes did not appear in SFV-infected rabbits. With SFV-MV-inoculated rabbits, we obtained partial protection against pasteurellosis by immunization with heat-killed P multocida or a cross-protective core lipopolysaccharide mutant of Escherichia coli (J5). Rabbits were immunized before the inoculation with SFV-MV which precipitated "spontaneous" pasteurellosis due to impaired defenses. Rabbits immunized with J5 or P multocida had less severe conjunctivitis and snuffles than nonimmunized controls, indicating that immunization with the J5 mutant may be useful as prophylaxis against pasteurellosis in compromised hosts.
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PMID:Immunity to pasteurellosis in compromised rabbits. 630 88

Lymphoid tumors of the conjunctiva and orbit are rare and remain localized in the majority of cases. Sometimes it is not possible either clinically or histologically to differentiate between a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and benign lymphoid hyperplasia. A series of 24 patients is reported. Nineteen were classified as having malignant NHL and 5 benign hyperplasia; 1 of these 5 later developed metastases, however. All patients had systemic work-up: 18 had Stage I, 1 had Stage II, and 5 had Stage IV disease. All patients received local radiation therapy with doses of 2400 to 2750 rad in 2-3 weeks for lesions of the eyelid and conjunctiva, and between 3000 and 3750 rad in 3-4 weeks for retrobulbar lesions. The lens was shielded in all patients except in 2 who had NHL of the vitreous body. A method of shielding the lens with a lead block mounted on a "low vac lens" is described, and the dose distribution within the eye and orbit is presented. The dose to the ocular lens is reduced to about 10% of the tumor dose with this technique. Patients who were treated with doses higher than 3000 rad experienced conjunctivitis and skin erythema that resolved completely. No other effects of radiation on normal structures of the ocular adnexa were observed in the 20 patients who are alive and without signs of tumor 10-46 months with a median follow-up time of 22 months.
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PMID:Radiation therapy of conjunctival and orbital lymphoid tumors. 643 Aug 46

A case report is given of a very rare spontaneous mast cell tumor in the eyelid of the left eye of a female Wistar rat used in a long-term oral toxicity study. Metastasis of the tumor had occurred in the mandibular lymph nodes and in the liver. Clinically, the animal showed blepharospasm, dacryorrhoea, and exophthalmus. Hematologic findings included slight eosinophilia and a remarkable basophilia. At necropsy, a bilateral conjunctivitis was diagnosed and a tumorous mass was found in the left submandibular region. Histologically, the tumor was composed of round to polygonal cells with pale cytoplasm, containing abundant predominantly basophilic granules. The intracytoplasmatic granules stained metachromatically with Toluidine blue and immunostained positively with serotonin. Numerous eosinophils were scattered throughout the tumor and were also present in other organs. Cells with round, oval, or indented nuclei and abundant cytoplasm, containing pronounced eosinophilic granules, were found in spleen and bone marrow. They turned out to be immature stages of eosinophilic granulocytes. Characteristics of the present tumor are compared with observations on mast cell tumors in other species.
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PMID:Brief communication, Histopathology of a spontaneously developing mast cell sarcoma in a Wistar rat. 873 93

Patients with metastasising carcinoma of the uterine cervix or recurrent disease, in whom local treatment as surgery or radiotherapy has failed, are still an unsolved problem. Platinum-based multi-agent chemotherapies achieve overall response rates up to 60%, but side effects are serious and so far no survival benefit has been proven. Recent publications report on a synergistic effect of combination therapy using 13-cis-retinoic acid and interferon alpha-2 a in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. In a pilot study we include 6 patients with locally recurrent or metastasising squamous cell carcinomas, five of the uterine cervix, one of the vulva. The systemic therapy consisted of-orally administered 13-cis-retinoic acid (80 mg q. d.) and subcutaneously injected interferon alpha-2 a (6 x 10(6) I.E. q. d.). All patients were primarily treated by surgical and/or radiation therapy. In each case chemotherapy had been either already performed or rejected by the patient. Median duration of treatment was 52 days, median survival time 107 days. Out of 6 patients 3 experienced progression of disease uninfluenced by therapy. One patient with multiple subcutaneous lymph node metastases showed mixed response for a short period of 3 weeks before progression and eventual death. One patient had no change or disease for 13 months with subsequent progression and eventual death after 22 months. One patient could not be evaluated for an allergic reaction after only 15 days of treatment. Other side effects were "flu-like symptoms", skin irritations, conjunctivitis sicca and chileitis, all WHO 1-2. Overall toxicity must be rated low compared to standard chemotherapy, but is not negligible. In our study the positive reports in literature concerning the treatment of primary advanced cervical cancer and recurrent advanced carcinoma of the skin could not be reproduced. This might be due to the small number of cases, which is a common problem in immunotherapeutic studies. Moreover, very unfavourable patient selection criteria in our study compared to primarily untreated patients may also have contributed to different response rates. However, in our opinion the tested regimen cannot be considered sufficiently effective in patients suffering from pretreated, recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix or vulva.
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PMID:[13-cis retinoic acid and interferon-alfa-2a as palliative therapy in pretreated, recurrent squamous epithelial carcinoma of the cervix uteri and vulva]. 903 64

We studied 20 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma undergoing radioiodine therapy (> or = 100 mCi dose) before the age of 21: 10 patients without distant metastases received a mean dose of 145 mCi and 10 with lung involvement received 270 mCi. One or more years after ablative therapy, xerostomia was present in two patients but was not accompanied by more severe complications such as oral ulcers or fissures, and 99mTcO4- scintigraphy confirmed salivary dysfunction. One patient showed keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Blood counts did not reveal abnormalities caused by radioiodine therapy. FSH was normal in 18 patients. Patients with elevated levels had received radioiodine just over a year ago and repetition of the exam after 6 months showed that FSH had returned to normal. The 6 male patients had normal LH and testosterone levels. Analysis did not reveal signs of pulmonary fibrosis secondary to treatment in the 10 cases with iodine-accumulating metastases in this organ. Our data suggest that ablative therapy employing a dose of 100 to 300 mCi is safe in young individuals, but persistent complications such as salivary dysfunction and conjunctivitis may occur.
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PMID:[Safety of radioiodine therapy in patients with thyroid carcinoma younger than 21 years]. 1618 52

A 64-year-old man with a small-cell bronchus carcinoma and metastases was treated with chemotherapy and developed conjunctivitis and necrosis of the eyelids caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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PMID:[Diagnostic image (299). An oncology patient suffering from conjunctivitis]. 1713 97


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