Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sarcoma metastatic to the brain is uncommon and rarely occurs as the initial manifestation of tumor. Alveolar soft-part sarcoma, a rare but well studied subtype of a soft tissue sarcoma with a propensity for central nervous system invasion, presenting with brain metastases, has been reported only once previously. We report the case of a 28-year-old man who presented with partial seizures and who was found to have a homogeneously enhancing frontal lesion on a broad dural base disclosed by computed tomography. preoperatively, the lesion was thought to be a meningioma. The tumor was excised easily and had features typical of an alveolar soft-part sarcoma, which were revealed by light and electron microscopy as well as immunohistochemical analysis. Multiple lung nodules compatible with metastases were found on a chest film. Meningeal dissemination has been reported in a variety of sarcoma types, including rhabdomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma. We add alveolar soft-part sarcoma to this list and suggest that increased recognition of the propensity for these tumors to exhibit metastatic spread to the dura should eliminate diagnostic confusion and provide an earlier diagnosis of these rare lesions. The patterns of spread in metastatic sarcoma deserve further study.
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PMID:Metastatic alveolar soft part sarcoma presenting as a dural-based cerebral mass. 812 54

Response rates of over 50% can be achieved in patients with metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. With prolonged survival, intraparenchymal brain metastases may occur in as many as 12% of patients who received methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (M-VAC) chemotherapy. Meningeal carcinomatosis from urothelial cancer is rare, however. A 71-year-old man, with metastatic, transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, attained an excellent partial response to M-VAC chemotherapy. He subsequently presented with an acute confusional state 6 months after diagnosis. Head computed tomographic studies were nondiagnostic. Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance images (MRI), however, demonstrated multifocal 1-cm nodules in the brain parenchyma and enhancement of the meninges. Meningeal carcinomatosis was confirmed by lumbar puncture. Records of 40 patients with advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder treated with chemotherapy between 1977 and 1992 at a cancer center were reviewed retrospectively for the occurrence of documented meningeal carcinomatosis, intraparenchymal brain metastases, or both. Among 13 responders, only 1 other patient, a 64-year-old man, was identified who had minimal metastatic disease and attained a complete response to methotrexate and cisplatin. The patient relapsed 2 years after response, with cerebellar metastases and meningeal carcinomatosis. Central nervous system (CNS) metastases in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder are unusual. Although parenchymal brain metastases may be more common after prolonged remissions induced by combination chemotherapy, meningeal carcinomatosis remains uncommon. MRI may be a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of CNS metastases. A high index of clinical suspicion for the occurrence of CNS metastases from transitional cell carcinoma is encouraged.
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PMID:Meningeal carcinomatosis from transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. 831 86

Hypercalcemia is an extremely rare complication of prostatic carcinoma. It occurs mainly in patients with disseminated osseous metastases and may be corrected by bilateral orchiectomy or hormonal manipulation. Humoral factors may be involved in its pathogenesis. Its occurrence is an ominous prognostic sign. We report a case of hypercalcemia that developed in a man suffering from adenocarcinoma of the prostate and who had undergone bilateral orchiectomy. Mental confusion, anorexia, and abdominal pains were the presenting symptoms. The hypercalcemia was refractory to treatment with fluids, furosemide, steroids, and calcitonin, and responded only to mithramycin. Cessation of this medication resulted in a prompt recurrence of the hypercalcemia.
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PMID:Hypercalcemia in prostatic carcinoma. Case report and review of the literature. 832 11

There is increasing evidence that nuclear DNA content has significant prognostic value for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. There also appear to be considerable differences in cellular DNA content between patient cohorts when primary tumor or pelvic lymph node metastases are measured. In addition, prostate adenocarcinoma is heterogeneous in DNA measurements; that adds confusion to studies incorporating fine needle aspiration biopsy samples. We compared cellular DNA content in 34 patients with available needle biopsies and pelvic lymph node metastases. Four groups of patients were identified: diploid-range primaries and metastases (8 patients), diploid-range primaries and aneuploid metastases (13), aneuploid primaries and metastases (10), and aneuploid primaries and diploid-range metastases (2). Patients with diploid-range primary tumors had a longer interval to progression and death than did patients with aneuploid primary tumors, although neither was significant in this small series. Patients with diploid-range lymph node metastasis had a longer interval to progression (P = .04) and survival (P = .09) than did individuals with aneuploid metastases. We conclude that the cellular DNA content of prostate cancer metastases in this series of stage D1 patients was more powerful in predicting time to progression and ultimate survival than evaluation of needle biopsy specimens of the primary cancer.
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PMID:Comparison of DNA content in primary and lymph node metastases in prostate adenocarcinoma. 834 55

Interactions between cancer cells and laminin, a major component of basement membranes, play a critical role at several steps of the complex process of tumor invasion and metastasis. These interactions are mediated through a large variety of cell surface proteins designated as laminin receptors and/or laminin-binding proteins. The growing number of identified laminin binding proteins and domains of this glycoprotein that are biologically active illustrate the complexity of cellular interactions with laminin. The 67-kD laminin receptor (67 LR) was the first protein identified in 1983 as a high-affinity laminin receptor, and its expression is dramatically increased in a large variety of cancer cells. The 67 LR is the subject of several controversies and confusion generated mainly by two events. First, the identification of several new laminin-binding proteins has raised the difficult task of attributing specific functions to specific receptors in contrast to initial beliefs that all cellular laminin-driven biological activities were mediated through the 67 LR. The second source of controversy is the large molecular-weight discrepancy between the 37-kD polypeptide encoded by the 67 LR cDNA clone and the mature 67 LR. In this manuscript, a critical and extensive review of the data accumulated on the 67 LR is presented regarding both its molecular structure and its role during tumor invasion and metastasis. A hypothetical model of the 67 LR is also proposed. Since the first identification of the 67 LR, at least 14 other cell surface molecules have been reported to be potential laminin receptors or laminin-binding proteins. These include members of the beta-galactoside-binding lectin family, seven members of the integrin family, the galactosyltransferase and some not yet fully characterized cell surface molecules. These laminin receptors and laminin-binding proteins are also described and their functions are also discussed with a particular emphasis on their participation in the constitution of the invasive phenotype.
Invasion Metastasis 1993
PMID:Laminin receptors and laminin-binding proteins during tumor invasion and metastasis. 840 8

In patients with malignant pelvic tumors, radiation-induced insufficiency fractures of the sacrum may be mistaken for metastasis. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in 18 patients with this condition, and the findings were studied retrospectively. The diagnosis was confirmed with at least one additional imaging modality in 16 patients, whereas the other two patients underwent clinical follow-up at 13 and 20 months without evidence of metastasis. In 17 patients, the lesions were consistent with edema and had diffuse low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and diffuse high signal intensity on short-inversion-time inversion-recovery images, thereby simulating metastasis. In one patient, bilateral sacral wing fractures were demonstrated directly as fairly well-defined linear zones. The alae sacri were involved in all patients; 16 patients had bilateral lesions. Awareness of this clinical entity and of the high sensitivity of MR imaging for demonstrating edema caused by the fracture should prevent confusion with metastatic disease and inappropriate treatment.
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PMID:Radiation-induced insufficiency fractures of the sacrum: evaluation with MR imaging. 851 4

A 29-year-old man presented with headache, confusion, word-finding difficulty, and a visual field deficit 16 months after complete removal of a sacrococcygeal chordoma. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head demonstrated two discrete enhancing left occipital lesions with associated cerebral edema. Both masses were surgically excised and their histological appearance was consistent with chordoma. Chordoma from the sacral region is known to metastasize to the lungs and the vertebral bodies but has rarely been shown to spread to the brain. Dissemination to the brain in this case may be related to the extent of the metastatic pulmonary disease and the anaplastic appearance of the primary tumor.
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PMID:Sacrococcygeal chordoma metastatic to the brain with review of the literature. 854 71

A case of sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma arising in the thigh of a 40-year-old man is reported. This recently described sarcoma has a distinctive histological appearance which may cause confusion with a variety of other sarcomas with an epithelioid pattern, and indeed with benign soft tissue tumours showing hyalinization. Despite its bland cytology, sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma is capable of metastases, often several years after surgical removal. The patient described here developed lung metastases five years after excision and remains alive a further three years later. The differential diagnosis and possible histogenesis are discussed.
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PMID:Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma. 873 21

A case of breast adenocarcinoma metastatic to the pituitary gland in a 57-year-old Brazilian female is presented. The computerized imaging may cause differential diagnostic confusion between a benign primary pituitary process and metastatic disease. Resolution of doubts by surgery is important for determining appropriate treatment.
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PMID:[Breast adenocarcinoma metastatic to the pituitary gland: report of a case]. 873 57

Since 1985, fish pathologists at Cornell University have studied lesions in freshwater fish inhabiting natural waters throughout New York State in order to clarify possible adverse effects of contaminants on fish health. In the course of these studies, we have conducted complete necropsies on over 400 brown bullheads and histologic examinations of the major organs of over 370 of these fish. In the course of our histologic studies, we observed islands of well-differentiated hepatocytes in the spleens of neoplasm-free brown bullheads from 2 of the 37 diverse lakes, rivers, and ponds that we sampled. The splenic hepatocyte island occurred in 11-100% of fish from the 2 affected sites, with 1-50 hepatocyte clusters per section of spleen. Hepatocyte islands measured up to 1 mm in diameter. Unlike the metastases of hepatocellular carcinomas, which we have described elsewhere in this issue (9), these islands of hepatocytes in the spleens of neoplasm-free fish were not evident grossly. These hepatocyte clusters in the spleen of certain populations of brown bullheads may lead to confusion in studies of neoplasia in brown bullheads. Caution is advised in interpretation of metastasis of liver neoplasms to the spleen of brown bullheads.
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PMID:Hepatocyte clusters in the spleen: a normal feature of some populations of brown bullheads in New York State. 877 58


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