Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four patients with different disease entities (multiple cerebral metastases, cerebral infarct, cerebritis, and encephalitis) in whom x-ray computed tomography was either equivocal or negative showed apparent cerebral lesions by radionuclide studies. Equivocal CTs in the patients with multiple cerebral metastases or cerebral infarction may be attributed to the contraindication of contrast media and/or lack of cooperation during the examination procedure. In patients with cerebritis or encephalitis, radionuclide studies have proven to be more sensitive than CT early in the infectious disease process. In certain circumstances it is clinically beneficial and cost effective to evaluate the patient primarily by radionuclide scintigraphy.
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PMID:Equivocal findings on cranial CT but apparent cerebral lesion(s) on conventional radionuclide imaging. 303 Jun 4

The increased risk of thrombosis seen in patients with malignancy also was recently confirmed in breast cancer patients undergoing hormonal or chemotherapeutic treatment. Besides changes within the coagulation system, alterations of hemorheologic variables have been implicated in the genesis of thrombosis. We evaluated plasma viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation, fibrinogen level, sedimentation rate, hematocrit concentration, and protein concentration in patients with breast cancer at the time of primary diagnosis and during follow-up with or without treatment. We then compared the results to a control group without malignant or infectious disease. Plasma viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation were significantly higher in patients with malignant disease, with a further increase at the time of dissemination. Plasma fibrinogen level was significantly higher only at the time of dissemination. The influence of therapy on hemorheologic variables was minor. Tumor volume was the most important factor. As individual values vary considerably and form a continuous spectrum, no cutoff line between normal and pathologic values can be defined. However, high values should induce further measures to diagnose metastatic disease. Second, these factors could explain the relative inefficiency of thrombosis prophylaxis in this patient group and suggest the addition of rheologically active drugs to the treatment regimen.
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PMID:Hemorheologic variables in breast cancer patients at the time of diagnosis and during treatment. 338 35

Several inflammatory processes can cause nodules or swelling in the neck. A complete physical examination and, usually, laboratory testing are required to establish the diagnosis. Common infections include cervical lymphadenitis and tuberculous lymphadenitis, cat-scratch disease, infection in the neck spaces, infectious mononucleosis, and syphilis. Primary or metastatic cancer may also be the cause. Cervical metastasis often presents as a neck mass. Although a primary tumor may not be found immediately when a neck mass is being evaluated, one is often discovered later. Other types of malignancy that may be present are histiocytic lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, rhabdomyosarcoma, thyroid cancer, and a salivary (most often parotid) gland tumor. Symptomatic treatment is sometimes adequate for infectious disease, but administration of antituberculous drugs or antibiotics may also be necessary. Incision and drainage are required for some nodes and abscesses. For neck masses caused by neoplasms, fine-needle aspiration cytology or biopsy is performed. Depending on the diagnosis, treatment consists of dissection, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy.
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PMID:The neck mass. 2. Inflammatory and neoplastic causes. 355 1

The case histories of 1200 patients admitted to our hospital over a 20 month period were reviewed to determine the degree, frequency and cause of dissociated cholestasis as a biological syndrome. Patients were divided into two groups: group I with 80 cases, included all patients whose gamma-GT levels were more than 30 mU/ml and serum-bilirubin less than 1.2 mg/ml, with alkaline phosphatase levels between 90-180 mU/ml. Group II included those with alkaline phosphatase levels higher than 180 mU/ml (57 cases). All over incidence of dissociated cholestasis was 13.82%. Main causes in group I were infectious diseases, mainly pneumonias and urinary infections and congestive cardiac failure. In group II, neoplasias such as Hodgkin's disease and epithelial metastases and obstructions of the biliary tract such as vesicular or choledocal litiasis were the main causes. Transaminase levels underwent variable increases according to the different entities, without there being any difference between the two groups. The physiopathology as well as the anatomopathological aspects which could originate the syndrome are discussed.
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PMID:[Clinical significance of dissociated cholestasis as a biological syndrome (author's transl)]. 611 5

Among 2175 patients seen over the last three years in a non-specialized department of internal medicine with no intensive care unit, 100 had supranormal serum lactic dehydrogenase activities. These patients' case-reports have been analyzed. Nearly half the patients (47/100) had a malignant disease (cancer or hemopathy). Among the remaining patients, 19 had a hepatic disorder (alcohol hepatitis in 10, viral hepatitis in 8, and isoniazide hepatitis in 1), 7 had a heart disease (heart failure with hepatomegaly in 5, myocardial infarction in 2), and 27 had various other conditions (including hemolysis in 6 and polymyositis en 3). The value of serum LDH assay is obvious in situations other than acute conditions such as myocardial infarction of pulmonary embolism; these are better known and have not been studied here as their prevalence was low among the patients enlisted in our study. In comparison to other enzymes (alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), transaminases (GOT, GPT) that were also routinely assayed in our patients, abnormal serum LDH activities are much less common and their significance is quite different. An increase in serum and their significance is quite different. An increase in serum LDH activity indicates a serious condition, often with a fatal outcome. The "various other conditions" group includes patients with hemolysis, hepatitis and myositis; the other patients in this group either had severe infectious diseases or died suddenly in the first few days of their hospitalization before diagnosis had been established. Each etiologic group has been analyzed to asses the characteristics of patients with increased LDH activity according to each etiology. Analysis of coincident abnormalities of the other enzymes listed above shows marked differences between etiologic groups; diagnostic accuracy can thus be enhanced in certain conditions. Most patients with malignancies had poorly differentiated tumors, with metastases: 28 had an epithelial tumor, with hepatic and/or bone metastases in 23 cases, 5 had cancer of the liver, 10 had a malignant hemopathy (2 lymphomas, 5 myeloproliferative syndromes, 3 acute leukemias), and 4 had a sarcoma. Cancer of the lung is the most common malignancy (10 cases) and may be responsible for increased serum LDH activity even in patients without metastases. Serum LDH assay is of value for monitoring the course in patients with initially increased activities as it falls under effective therapy and rises during exacerbations.
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PMID:[Value and diagnostic significance of serum lactic dehydrogenase in internal medicine (author's transl)]. 628 24

In a series of 500 autopsies cancer was found to be the first cause of death (24.6 por 100), followed by infectious diseases (23.8 per 100), and vascular diseases (22.2 per 100). The most frequent kind of malignant tumors found were lung neoplasms (17.8 per 100), followed by leukemias (17.0 per 100) and digestive tract tumors (11.3 per 100). Metastases were produced most frequently by tumors of the lungs (82.6 per 100), liver (81.8 per 100) and digestive tract (64.2 per 100). Metastases were found mainly in the lymph glands and liver.
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PMID:[Incidence of cancer in a university hospital: analysis of 500 clinical autopsies]. 654 29

Five patients with primary multicentric giant-cell tumor of bone (eighteen lesions) were followed for four to fourteen and one-half years from the time of the original diagnosis. Only fifteen such cases (fifty-two lesions) have been reported previously. In our series the course of each lesion was similar to that expected of the monostotic tumor. There was a high incidence of lesions in the small bones of the hand (eleven of the eighteen). The histological features were generally typical, but some lesions had a stroma composed mostly of spindle cells. All of the lesions were excised and there was a recurrence in four patients. Of eight lesions treated by curettage with or without autogenous bone-grafting, six recurred. All lesions in the hand that were treated by curettage recurred. There was only one recurrence of the lesions treated by amputation or en bloc resection. Infection occurred in one patient. There were no metastases.
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PMID:Multicentric giant-cell tumor of bone. 738 Aug 62

Between January 1973 and October 1977, 166 patients who died of breast cancer were autopsied. The examination revealed consistently more tumor involvement than had been clinically suspected. Unsuspected areas of tumor involvement included the endocrine organs (40%), lungs (28%), cardiovascular system (21%), and the genitourinary system (21%). The error in diagnosis was smaller with metastasis to the bones (10%) and central nervous system (14%). The major causes of death included pulmonary insufficiency (26%), infection (24%), cardiac disease (15%), hepatic insufficiency (14%), hemorrhage (9%), central nervous system disease (9%), and hypercalcemia (3%). The most common cause of death was metastatic disease to various organs, accounting for 42% of all deaths. Infection was the second most common cause of death; however, only 27% of the patients with infection had significant neutropenia. In patients dying of hemorrhage, only 9% were thrombocytopenic. In conclusion, although many clinicians have expressed concern that chemotherapy would add to early mortality in cancer, our study shows that this is not the case for patients with breast cancer. Deaths due to chemotherapy were rare and the rise in the infection rate did not correlate with the advent of chemotherapy.
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PMID:Causes of death in breast cancer: a clinicopathologic study. 738 58

The effect of initiating leishmanial infection in guinea-pigs with organisms contained within macrophages has been examined. Infection of animals in this way resulted in the development of metastatic disease with inocula 2 logs lower than required when free parasites were injected. The macrophage localization was found to protect the parasite from innate resistance, and, at certain times, from mechanisms of acquired immunity. Despite this, initiation of infection with parasites secluded in macrophages did result in the development of specific cell-mediated and humoral immunity. The results indicate that protection of the parasite by the macrophage contributes to the development of metastatic disease. Furthermore, it was revealed that metastatic disease can devlop in the face of acquired mechanisms of resistance. The possibility that non-healing diffuse leishmaniasis is the cause rather than the result of the suppressed immunological reactivity associated with this disease is discussed.
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PMID:Mechanisms of immunity to leishmaniasis. II. Significance of the intramacrophage localization of the parasite. 738 16

Indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPN) in transplant patients create a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Patients who are transplant candidates or have already undergone organ transplantation require diagnostic clarification of IPN which may represent oncologic and/or infectious disease processes. Between December 1991 and January 1993, we performed 43 needle-localized thoracoscopic resections (NLTR) on 40 patients for IPN considered too small for less invasive diagnostic techniques. Four of these patients were candidates for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and required exclusion of either extrahepatic malignancy or pulmonary infection before proceeding with transplantation. The 5th patient had undergone OLT for an unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, and NLTR confirmed the presence of pulmonary metastatic disease. Of the 4 OLT candidates, 2 had pathologically confirmed metastases from their primary hepatic malignancy and did not undergo transplantation. The remaining 2 OLT candidates had benign pulmonary processes (hamartoma, hyaline plaque) and underwent successful OLT. In all patients, the IPN was successfully identified with NLTR. There were no complications. NLTR is a reliable and well-tolerated method to diagnose IPN in transplant patients.
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PMID:Needle-localized thoracoscopic resections of small indeterminate pulmonary nodules in transplant patients. 794 43


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