Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have previously demonstrated that cancer patients' peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) allosensitized against single or pool normal donor PBL are capable of lysing fresh autologous tumor cells in a 4-h 51Cr-release assay. In this report, we present further investigations into this phenomenon. These alloactivated killer cells (A-AK cells) lysed autologous and allogeneic tumors and allogeneic but not autologous PBL. Furthermore, cold target inhibition studies demonstrated that autologous and allogeneic tumors were lysed by the same effector cells. Multiple metastases from the same patient were equivalently lysed by these A-Ak cells. The presence of adherent cells and proliferation of the precursors were necessary to generate A-AK cells, although the effector cell itself was radioresistant and nonadherent. The effects of allosensitization were enhanced by the addition of lectin-free interleukin-2 preparations to the in vitro culture by partial depletion of adherent cells prior to sensitization. The A-Ak effector cell was OKT3+, OKT8+, OKT4-, OKM1- and could be generated by just 3 days of allosensitization. The precursors for A-Ak cells could be separated from NK cells on percoll gradients and lysis could be generated from thoracic duct lymphocytes, a population devoid of NK cells. The phenotype of the majority of the precursor cells was OKT3+, OKT4-. Theses alloactivated PBL could be expanded in crude or lectin-free interleukin-2 without loss of cytotoxicity for fresh autologous tumor cells. Activated T cells represent a population of on-NK cells with broad lytic specificity for fresh tumor cells. Such cells may be of value in the adoptive immunotherapy of human solid tumors and may play a role in immune surveillance.
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PMID:Lysis of fresh human solid tumor cells by autologous lymphocytes activated in vitro by allosensitization. 660 60

Three instances of Hashimoto's thyroiditis occurring in association with carcinoma of the thyroid gland are presented. Diagnosis was made by open surgical biopsy, revealing one papillary, one follicular and one mixed papillary-follicular carcinoma. Total thyroidectomy was performed and TSH suppressive therapy was administered postoperatively. All patients are alive with no evidence of local recurrence or distant metastases observed during five to 13 years of follow-up study. In our series, three of 18 patients had coexistent carcinoma of the thyroid gland and Hashimoto's disease. This figure is lower than the 25 per cent incidence of carcinoma of the thyroid gland in noninflammatory goiters observed at the same hospital. Although the number of patients is small, Hashimoto's thyroiditis does not seem to be a premalignant lesion and should not be treated by total thyroidectomy. A review of the literature points out that clinical, biochemical and radioactive scan findings in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis do not aid in differentiating between glands with or without coexistent carcinoma of the thyroid gland unless the goiter is uninodular and cold on the radioiodine scan. The prognosis of patients with carcinoma of the thyroid gland occurring in association with Hashimoto's disease is probably better than that of patients with carcinoma of the thyroid gland alone. It seems that the presence of the chronic inflammatory reaction may suppress growth and metastatic dissemination of the coexistent neoplasm of the thyroid gland.
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PMID:Coexistent carcinoma of the thyroid gland and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. 668 83

Twenty-five patients with thyroid tumors were examined by 201T1-chloride and 67Ga-citrate scintigraphy heterochronously in our department. All cases showed the cold nodule with 131I or 99mTc-pertechnetate thyroid scintigraphy and each one was given a histological diagnosis after surgery or excisional biopsy. In 15 cases of thyroid carcinoma, 12 (80%) were positive by 201T1-chloride; 4 (26.7%) were positive by 67Ga-citrate. In examining each histological type, 8 of 9 cases of papillary carcinoma (88.9%) were positive by 201T1-chloride. In 1 negative case the tumor was almost completely encysted; however, they were all negative by 67Ga-citrate. In 2 patients with follicular carcinoma, both of them revealed a positive figure by 201T1-chloride, and one of these with oxyphilic cell carcinoma showed a positive figure by 67Ga-citrate. In 1 case of medullary carcinoma there was slight accumulation with 201T1-chloride, but there was no accumulation with 67Ga-citrate. In 3 cases of undifferentiated carcinoma, 2 patients with small carcinoma showed a negative figure by 201T1-chloride. However, they all showed a positive figure using 67Ga-citrate and this medium also disclosed distant metastases of undifferentiated carcinoma. In 10 patients with thyroid adenoma, 3 (30%) showed a positive figure by 201T1-chloride. Histologically, these were all tubular adenoma, but in all cases of thyroid adenoma 67Ga-citrate revealed a negative figure. From the above mentioned results, the following conclusion were reached. Tumors showing a positive figure by 201T1-chloride that elicited negative results using 67Ga-citrate proved to be differentiated carcinoma or low differentiated types of adenoma. Surgery is indicated in these cases. All of the tumors revealing a positive figure by 67Ga-citrate were highly malignant types. If these tumors showed a negative figure when 201T1-chloride was used, undifferentiated carcinoma was suggested. In undifferentiated carcinoma, 67Ga-citrate scintigraphy is a useful procedure in locating distant metastases, in determining the area to be irradiated, and in judging the effect of therapy.
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PMID:[Comparison of 201T1-chloride and 67Ga-citrate in thyroid tumor scintigraphy]. 696 Mar 94

Metastases arising from a subcutaneous injection of the DBA/2 tumor, MDAY-D2, as well as four drug-resistant variants (either wheat germ agglutinin-resistant, ouabain-resistant, or both, i.e., WGAR/OuaR) of MDAY-D2, were examined for the presence of a tumor-associated antigen (TAA). Of 15 mice examined, tumor antigen-loss variants were detected in only 1 animal. These antigen-loss metastases arose in a mouse injected with the WGAR variant called MDW4. The tumor at the site of inoculation retained the TAA, whereas all four of the metastases removed from liver, spleen and other tissues were antigen-loss variants. The antigen-loss variants were not killed by cytotoxic T cells (CTL) directed against the TAA of the parental tumor, did not competitively inhibit CTL lysis of MDW4 targets in a 'cold target' inhibition test, and were not able to elicit a CTL response. In vivo immunization-protection (challenge) experiments also showed that the metastases did not express the TAA of MDAY-D2. Unlike the WGAR phenotypes, which were lost in all spontaneous metastases recovered from MDW4-injected mice, loss of the TAA appeared to be an uncommon event. Antigen-loss tumor cell variants are discussed in terms of their relevance to metastasis, and in regard to their use in the study of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity of tumor cell populations.
Invasion Metastasis 1981
PMID:An examination of tumor antigen loss in spontaneous metastases. 698 58

Lymphoscintigraphies of esophageal carcinoma in nine patients were studied with the aid of 99mTc-labeled rhenium sulfur colloid (99mTc-Re). 99mTc-Re was injected into the submucosal layer of the esophagus (just above the oral side of the tumor) using an esophagoscope, 1 or 2 days before operation. Lymphoscintigraphies at intervals of 1, 3 and 20 h after the injection were performed. After that, the region and the number of the visualized (hot) nodes were assessed. After the operation the lymph nodes were dissected and the hot nodes were determined by scintiphotography. The dissected nodes were then studied histologically. A total of 106 nodes were removed from the mediastinum of nine patients. Histologically, metastases were found in 12 of 106 nodes. Twenty six of 106 (24.5%) could be observed visually on the scintigram and 80 (75.5%) could not. Among the visualized (hot) nodes, 34.6% were positive for metastasis. On the other hand, among the nonvisualized, so-called cold, nodes, only 3.8% were positive for metastasis. Hot nodes of the esophagus indicate a high percentage probability of metastatic nodes.
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PMID:An evaluation of the mediastinal lymphoscintigram for carcinoma of the esophagus studied with 99mTc rhenium sulfur colloid. 706 17

Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) assays provide no clue as to the nature of a cold thyroid nodule, but they provide guidelines for isotope exploration tests in differenciated epitheliomas. Undetectable Tg levels during hormonal treatment make these tests unnecessary, while measurable levels in the absence of residual thyroid tissue should encourage investigations for metastases, and the higher these levels the more thorough the investigation. When thyroid residues are present Tg levels are usually within the normal range for a healthy population (2.5-28 ng/ml) and no conclusion can be drawn. The destruction of thyroid residues with Iodine 131 in poor prognosis patients facilitates monitoring by means of Tg assays.
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PMID:[Value of serum thyroglobulin assays in cancers of the thyroid]. 717 24

A radioimmunoassay technique using a double antibody procedure for human serum thyroglobulin (HTg) is described. Only antigen labeling with iodine-125 is performed extemporaneously, the other reagents being purchased commercially. Quality criteria were: sensitivity (2 microgram/l), interassay reproducibility (coefficient of variance, C.V. = 11%) and specificity are comparable with those of previously published techniques. Normal limits for serum HTg concentrations were established on the basis of 65 assays (33.0 +/- 21.20 microgram/l). In 69 subjects exhibiting goiters and cold nodules, the values observed were considerably higher and more dispersed (81 +/- 57 microgram/l); the same observation was made for the the cases of Basedow's disease studied. Patients who had undergone thyroid ablation for thyroid cancer exhibited a low or nondemonstrable HTg concentration, except for seven subjects showing osseous and/or pulmonary functionally active metastases of a differentiated cancer whose HTg levels were significantly higher (300-400 microgram/l). These results concur with several previous reports in emphasizing the interest of assaying serum HTg during the surveillance of differentiated cancers of the thyroid.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay of serum thyroglobulin. Technique and clinical results. 732 88

Since thyroid scanning was introduced in Singapore in 1968 there has been progressive increase in the demand for these scans. 215 patients comprising 153 females and 62 males were scanned in 1976 using 131I. The solitary nodule was the commonest condition referred for scans (60%) and next was the multinodular goitre 919%). Other indications for scan included postthyroidectomy cases, aberrant thyroids, retrosternal goitres, thyrotoxicosis and metastases from thyroid carcinoma. 73 cases of solitary cold nodules were discovered and 43 of these were operated on. 7 of these were found to be malignant, giving an incidence of 16%. The incidence of malignancy in the cold nodule varies in the reported literature. By itself the 131I scan cannot diagnose malignancy but is it a useful supplementary test in addition to the clinical and other investigations.
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PMID:Thyroid scanning & the significance of the solitary cold nodule. 733 98

An 82-year-old man had his third episode of melanotic stool. Two previous workups had failed to localize the source of bleeding. A Tc-99m labeled RBC scan visualized the gallbladder early in the study. Administration of sincalide visually decreased the activity, confirming gallbladder activity. Three months later, at his second surgery, hepatic metastases were finally identified as the source of bleeding. In retrospect, the hepatic activity is inhomogeneous with at least two cold defects that could have represented hepatic metastases.
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PMID:Hemobilia presenting as intermittent gastrointestinal hemorrhage with sincalide confirmation. A case report. 762 38

Compared to preoperative ultrasound and computed tomography as well as intraoperative inspection and palpation intraoperative ultrasonography has the highest sensitivity for the detection of liver metastases of colorectal carcinomas. With this method preoperative occult liver metastases can be found in 15% of the patients; in 5% these are solitary metastases which cold easily be resected. During resection of liver tumors intraoperative ultrasonography serves for the exclusion of multifocal tumor development or satellite metastases; furthermore it is important for planning the plane of resection and the appropriate safety margin. Without intraoperative ultrasonography modern liver surgery cannot be performed. Laparoscopic ultrasonography is indicated for laparoscopic staging of gastrointestinal tumors and also serves for the detection of occult liver metastases. During this procedure focal liver lesions can be biopsied under combined laparoscopic and sonographic view.
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PMID:[Invasive ultrasound: value of intraoperative and laparoscopic ultrasound imaging]. 767 Mar


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