Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Stomachs of 22 rats treated with aspirin for six months were examined histologically at times ranging from 6 to 18 months after completion of treatment. Healed chronic gastric ulcers were found in 20 rats. Glandular dysplasia was present at the sites of healed ulcers in 12 rats, the glands extending into the submucosa, muscularis propria, and even subserosal fat. The apparent lack of progression with time and the absence of metastases suggest that the changes are not neoplastic but are a consequence of repeated injury and regeneration, with entrapment of glands below the level of the muscularis mucosae. The lesions in the aspirin-treated animals closely resemble those of gastritis cystica polyposa and colitis cystica profunda in the human subject.
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PMID:Aspirin-induced glandular dysplasia of the stomach: histologic and histochemical studies in rats. 57

The study included 873 rectal examinations carried out in children where inspection, rectal examination and endoscopy were performed in each case. Most examinations were done in children complaining of gastroenterocolitis. Inspection of gluteal, perianal and sacrococcygeal areas was normal in most cases: however, ammoniacal erythema was frequently found (44.2%). Rectal examination showed hypotonicity of the external sphincter in 146 cases which was linked to prolonged diarrhea and malnutrition. At the endoscopy, the rectal mucosa showed ulcerations, congestion, friability, edema and bleeding; however, it was considered normal in 274 occasions. In 540 patients, the endoscopic diagnosis was colitis of different types. In 54 cases, the endoscopic examination, plus the examination of fecal mucus taken directly from the rectal mucosa led to the diagnosis of amebic colitis. In opposition with adults, neoplastic lesions were uncommon and usually corresponded to leukemic infiltration or tumoral metastases. There were no complications attributable to the process.
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PMID:[Proctologic examination in pediatrics]. 62 45

CEA is a beta1-glycoprotein (mol. w. approx. 200 000) which in embryonic life is usually found as a cell membrane associated antigen in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and pancreas. Furthermore, it is secreted into body fluids. In healthy adults a very low serum concentration may be found. The clinical significance of CEA lies in its increased formation in primary and secondary adenocarcinomas of colon and rectum and pancreatic carcinoma, where values of 20 ng/ml and more are observed. However, other gastrointestinal (e.g. oesophagus, stomach, gall-bladder) and extragastrointestinal tumors (e.g. lung, breast, urogenital, prostatic, ovarial carcinomas) as well as non-malignant diseases mainly of the GI tract (e.g. hepatitis, cirrhosis, pancreatitis, colitis, diverticulitis) may provoke less frequent and lower increases in the CEA level. Healthy smokers also tend to show a slight increase in CEA concentration. A certain relationship exists between the CEA level and the size and extent of the tumor so that a decrease following operation may account for complete tumor removal, whereas a persistent or recurring increase in the CEA level is highly suspicious of metastases and/or recurrent tumor. Difficulties in proving and purifying CEA are mainly caused by multiple cross-reactions of CEA with other substances, e.g. blood group substances (A, B, Lea, Leb) and normal or other antigens (NGP, NCA, CEX, CCEA 2, NCA 2, CCA-III, FSA, BCGP). The radioimmunoassay is the most suitable method to determine CEA levels in body fluids. The 3 procedures used differ in the precipitation of the specific immune complex by ammonium sulphate (AS), Z-gel (ZG) or a second antibody (SA). Depending on the method, the upper normal limit in serum or plasma corresponds to approximately 2.5 (AS, ZG) or 12.5 (SA) nanogramme/milliliter. CEA determination in the urine is of interest in patients suffering from bladder carcinoma.
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PMID:[Carcinofetal antigens. II. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). (author's transl)]. 108 Feb 18

The authors report 8 cases of lympho-reticulosarcoma of the colon and emphasize the rareness of this tumour (10 percent of cases) compared with other localisations in the stomach and small intestine. Whether primary or secondary, lymphosarcoma of the colon has various radiological appearances, depending on the mode of development of the sarcoma in the wall of the colon. Mainly sub-mucosal, it may remain localised or extend to the whole of the colon, predominating in the ileo-coecal and recto-sigmoid regions. Localised tumour forms present either in the form of large polycyclic lacunae, sometimes invaginated or as vast ulcerations with irregular nodular margin, or as due to parietal infiltration and exoluminal development of the tumour mass and neighbouring adenopathy. It is sometimes confused with carcinoma of the colon, e.g. vegetating carcinoma, colloid carcinoma, or peritoneal metastases, or with a regional abscess, e.g. appendix abscess or diverticulosis. The correct diagnosis is made on operation. The extensive colonic forms rarely take on the appearance of lymphoid pseudopolyposis, more often that of a very unusual nodular form formed of hazy lenticular lacunae. It may be confused with nodular colitis, it differs from this, however, by the absence of ulceration, changes in caliber and the persistance of normal haustration, a reticulated appearance of the mucosal outline during evacuation of the barium. In all cases, the discovery of a colonic lympho-reticulosarcoma implies complete digestive radiological investigation in order to seek gastric, duodenal or intestinal localisations, together with a search for other extra-digestive localisations. In fact, the great diffusion of the lesions modifies the prognosis and the therapeutic attitude. These lymphosarcomas and reticulosarcomas of the colon have a similar pathological and radiological appearance but differ by their sensitivity to treatment with cobalt, as reticulosarcomas are more resistant.
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PMID:[Pathological, clinical and radiological study of colonic lympho-reticulosarcoma. Report of 8 cases (author's transl)]. 109 45

Metastatic carcinoma to the colon may be mistaken for inflammatory colitis, particulary Crohn's disease, both clinically and roentgenologically. Characteristic changes include mucosal thickening, nodular masses, multiple and eccentric strictures, asymmetric involvement, pseudosacculations, and spiculations of contour. This report, based upon experience with 12 cases, establishes the distinctive roentgen features of metastatic disease to the colon from a variety of primary sites. It is shown that these changes are dependent upon pathways of spread, growth characteristics, and local tissue response. The clinical importance of making this differential diagnosis is two-fold. A patient with an occult or a known primary malignancy may present clinically with metastatic disease to the colon masquerading as inflammatory colitis. Recognition of the characteristic roentgenologic changes immediately either leads to a search for the primary neoplasm or establishes the diagnosis of widespread disease.
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PMID:Metastatic carcinoma simulating inflammatory colitis. 111 62

Tenascin is a fibroblast product and extracellular matrix protein probably excerting a fibronectin-antagonizing role. Tenascin is broadly distributed interstitially during embryogenesis but restricted to a small range of structures in normal adult tissues. Using tenascin antibodies and an indirect immunoperoxidase method, normal colon, colitis, colon adenomas, and colorectal carcinomas were examined for tissue distribution of tenascin. Normal mucosa displayed a sparce meshwork of microfibrillar tenascin in the lamina propria. The basement membrane was tenascin negative at the bottom of the crypt and developed into a positive band steadily broadening towards the mucosal surface. In colitis, this polarity was effaced; the basement membrane was a broad tenascin-positive band nearly throughout while interstitial tenascin was moderately increased. Loss of polarity in tenascin content of the basement membrane was a constant feature of adenomas, inconsistently paralleled by structural alterations in surface qualities and continuity of tenascin pattern of the basement membrane. These were most pronounced in carcinomas, where this interface was often discontinuous and had a rough surface; in addition, interstitial tenascin was considerably increased. In carcinomas, the rough surface aspect of the tenascin pattern of the basement membrane was correlated with presence of lymph node metastases (P = 0.04). It is concluded that alterations in tenascin pattern and content reflect complex disturbances in the interaction of inflamed/neoplastic colon epithelium and underlying matrix, leading to an organoid induction of tenascin in the inflammatory context and to induction together with structural abnormalities in neoplasia.
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PMID:Altered content and distribution of tenascin in colitis, colon adenoma, and colorectal carcinoma. 137 2

Fifty-two patients with ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer undergoing colectomy at the Mount Sinai Hospital between 1973 and 1988 were studied retrospectively to determine the correlation of age, sex, duration of colitis, tumor location, number of cancers, tumor differentiation, colloid content, presence of signet ring cells, Dukes' classification, and DNA ploidy with survival. The mean age was 45 years, with a mean duration of colitis of 21 years. Five patients (10%) had Dukes' A lesions, 17 (33%) had Dukes' B lesions, 17 (33%) had Dukes' C lesions, and 13 (25%) had distant metastases. Thirty patients (58%) had well- or moderately differentiated tumors, whereas tumors were poorly differentiated in 22 (42%). Twenty-eight patients (54%) had colloid tumors, and, in 14 (27%), signet ring cells were present. Thirty-one patients (60%) had nondiploid tumors. Actuarial analysis revealed that the 5-year survival rate was significantly worse for patients with nondiploid tumors (76% versus 32%). When stratified by stage, only patients with Dukes' C lesions showed a significant difference in survival for diploid versus nondiploid tumors. Multivariate analysis showed that the Dukes' classification was the best prognostic indicator, followed by tumor differentiation and DNA ploidy. Tumor location, colloid content, number of cancers, duration of disease, age, and sex did not correlate with the prognosis.
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PMID:Colorectal carcinoma associated with ulcerative colitis: a study of prognostic indicators. 162

Colonic ischemia (CI) is a rare complication of high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) immunotherapy. This complication occurred in three of 141 patients (2.1%) with metastatic cancer treated with high-dose IL-2 therapy; CI only developed in patients receiving interferon-alpha (IFN) with IL-2 (three of 21, 14%) compared with none of 120 in those patients receiving IL-2 alone (P equals 0.0009). Severe diarrhea (greater than or equal to 7 bowel movements/day) also was significantly more common in patients receiving IFN with IL-2 (six of 21, 29%) than in those receiving IL-2 alone (three of 120, 2.5%, P equals 0.001) and preceded the clinical diagnosis of CI in all three patients. Three of nine patients with severe diarrhea had CI. Hematochezia occurred in four patients, all of whom received IFN with IL-2; three had CI, and the other patient had nonspecific colitis. Differences in vasopressor use did not explain the increased risk of CI in patients receiving IFN; those receiving IFN with IL-2 required phenylephrine less often than patients receiving IL-2 alone (P equals 0.01). The administration of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells had no significant effect on the incidence of CI, severe diarrhea, peritonitis, or vasopressor use; two of three patients with CI, however, had their ischemic episode within 24 hours after the last of three LAK cell infusions. In conclusion, CI is an unusual complication of high-dose IL-2 and IFN immunotherapy. In patients receiving such combination therapy, severe diarrhea is a risk factor for the subsequent occurrence of CI.
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PMID:Colonic ischemia complicating immunotherapy with interleukin-2 and interferon-alpha. 189 54

Since 1977, 196 patients (177 with ulcerative colitis and 19 with familial polyposis) have undergone colectomy, mucosal proctectomy and endorectal ileal pull-through with or without an ileal reservoir (PTR) at UCLA Medical Center. Fourteen of the patients (7.1 per cent) had carcinoma of the colon or rectum at the time of operation; 12 had colitis and two, polyposis. Another 40 patients had mucosal dysplasia. Only five of the 14 patients with carcinoma were diagnosed before operation despite close surveillance by gastroenterologists. The mean duration of colitis before the diagnosis of carcinoma was made was 17 years; the mean age that the carcinoma was identified was 38 years. Eleven of the 12 patients with colitis had universal involvement. Two patients with colitis and carcinoma who underwent colectomy and PTR died a mean of 30.5 months postoperatively of metastatic disease. Twelve patients with carcinoma (ten with colitis and two with polyposis) are alive a mean of 29 months postcolectomy and PTR; two of these have received chemotherapy. The low mortality (0.4 per cent) and good clinical results after colectomy and the PTR procedure and the unexpectedly high incidence of carcinoma and mucosal dysplasia among patients referred for operation suggest that surgical treatment should be considered at an earlier stage than the current general practice, particularly in patients at high risk (mucosal dysplasia, pancolitis and duration of more than ten years).
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PMID:The endorectal ileal pullthrough procedure in patients with ulcerative colitis and familial polyposis with carcinoma. 254 48

An 11-yr-old female beaver (Castor canadensis) died after a 3 1/2 mo course of intermittent diarrhea, lethargy and anorexia. A postmortem examination revealed both a necrotizing ulcerative colitis and bilaterally enlarged thyroid glands. Histologically, the necrotizing colitis was similar to that caused by canine or feline parvovirus. Thyroid glands were multilobulated. Lobules were composed of irregularly arranged, variably sized follicles, some of which contained colloid. Follicles were lined by a pleomorphic population of tall cuboidal to columnar epithelial cells. Capsular invasion was present. Similar cells, forming follicles were present within the pulmonary parenchyma. This is the first documented case of a thyroid follicular carcinoma with pulmonary metastases in a beaver.
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PMID:Thyroid follicular carcinoma with pulmonary metastases in a beaver (Castor canadensis). 281 May 61


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