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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chordomas usually occur in the axial skeleton and they arise from the remnants of notochord. Their growth is slow and they often give metastases. Such cases are mainly observed among people above 40 years of age. Most frequently chordomas are situated in sacral bone (50%), in spheno-occipital region of the skull base (35%), and in the cervical, dorsal and lumbar spine (15%). Very rarely chordomas are found within sella, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx, and in the forms of ectopic foci in the pons and spinal canal. Such tumour situated within spine destroys vertebral bodies and arches and can bulge into subdural space causing impression of the dural sac. Despite osteolytic destruction, chordomas cause visible reactive sclerotization and characteristic granular calcifications or ossifications. Intracranial chordomas destroy bony base of skull, specially clivus, pyramids and sphenoid sinuses.
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PMID:Value of CT and NMR imaging in diagnosing of chordomas. 167 23

Chordoma is a rare, slow-growing but locally aggressive malignant tumor derived from the primitive notochord and located along the axial skeleton. Between 1973 and 1991, of 15 patients with chordomas treated at the Medical College of Virginia, eight originated in the sacrococcygeal area. There was a median one year interval between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis (range of four months to six years) for this latter group. Two patients had undergone coccygectomies and one patient a lumbar discectomy prior to establishing the correct diagnosis of sacral chordoma. Seven patients underwent resection and one refused therapy. The four patients who had an initial wide radical resection had a longer disease-free survival than the three who underwent local excision. Three of four patients had metastatic disease at the time of death. Early diagnosis and aggressive initial surgical resection are necessary for long-term survival.
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PMID:Diagnosis and management of sacrococcygeal chordoma. 174 47

Endorectal sonography initially was developed for evaluation of the prostate and now has been adapted for evaluation of rectal and perirectal disease. We used endorectal sonography to evaluate a spectrum of diseases, including primary and recurrent rectal carcinoma, metastases, villous adenoma, leiomyosarcoma, endometriosis, sacrococcygeal teratoma, chordoma, retroperitoneal cystic hamartoma, pelvic lipomatosis, diverticulitis, and perirectal abscess. The technique has been useful in localization of perirectal abscesses and in sonographically guided biopsy of perirectal masses. Knowledge of normal sonographic anatomy of the rectum is essential in the evaluation of rectal and perirectal disease. In this essay, we describe the technique of endorectal sonography and illustrate the sonographic findings in a variety of diseases.
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PMID:Endorectal sonography in the evaluation of rectal and perirectal disease. 187 36

A case of clival chordoma in a 4-year-old girl is presented. The tumor regrew rapidly after it was partially removed, and the patient died after a clinical course of 11 months. An autopsy revealed a massive clival mass and widespread metastases in the dura mater, skull bone, bilateral lungs, liver, sternum, left humerus, and vertebrae. Pathological findings showed that the tumor cells were poorly differentiated, with a rare, but typical, physaliphorous appearance. The presence of epithelial differentiation proteins, mitochondria surrounded by rough endoplasmic reticulum, and desmosomes was demonstrated in the tumor cells both immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally. Thus, the tumor was diagnosed as a chordoma. The literature pertaining to intracranial chordoma in early childhood is reviewed. Rapid growth and distant metastases may occur in chordomas at a young age.
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PMID:Chordoma in early childhood: a clinicopathological study. 192 14

Multiplanar capability and superior tissue contrast differentiation render magnetic resonance (MR) imaging the preferred method for examining patients with pituitary axis dysfunction or visual field deficits. In a review of 131 sellar or juxtasellar abnormalities, 76% were common lesions with distinctive features that helped establish their diagnosis: macroadenoma (n = 51), microadenoma (n = 20), meningioma (n = 14), craniopharyngioma (n = 10), and aneurysm (n = 5). On T1-weighted images, microadenomas were usually hypointense relative to normal pituitary gland, and macroadenomas and meningiomas were isointense relative to gray matter. Both microadenomas and meningiomas were more conspicuous immediately after contrast material administration. Craniopharyngiomas were the most heterogeneous of all the sellar lesions due to their cystic and solid components. MR images of aneurysms showed flow void and heterogeneous increased signal intensity in areas of slower turbulent flow. Other characteristics such as extrasellar versus intrasellar location, nature of contrast material enhancement, the presence of cystic components, and clinical findings permitted differentiation among less common lesions, including granulomatous disease, metastases, chiasmatic glioma, arachnoid cyst, hypothalamic glioma, schwannoma, germinoma, epidermoid, Rathke cyst, chordoma, chondrosarcoma, colloid cyst, and hamartoma.
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PMID:MR imaging of the sellar and juxtasellar regions. 194 11

Eighteen chordomas (11 females and 7 males) were seen over a 20-year period; 61% of the tumors occurred in the sphenoid region. The youngest patient was 3 years old and had a family history of chordoma. Histologically, the tumors were divided into classical (epithelial) and chondroid variants, which in this series, had no effect on outcome. Follow-up on 12 patients ranged from 3 to 170 months, and they were treated with various combinations of surgery and radiotherapy. One patient was administered the neutron beam and died after 94 months. The mean survival of this series is 73.4 months, with a survival rate of 50% (6 out of 12 patients alive). Surgical resection offers the best chance of survival, but chordomas have a propensity to metastasize, hence have a poor prognosis.
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PMID:Chordoma: a 20-year clinicopathologic review of the experience at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town. 200 91

Eleven cases of chordoma, localized at sacrum (3 cases), lumbar spine (6 cases), cervical spine (2 cases), are reported. Authors describe clinical and pathological findings of the tumor and underline peculiarity of spinal localization and difficulty of diagnosis, often delayed, particularly in sacral spine localizations. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy give poor results while surgery can be employed in the treatment on account of the slow evolution and of the not very frequent aptitude of the tumor to give metastases. However peculiar localization into the sacral spine allows to remove the whole tumor if only it is localized below the 2nd sacral vertebra; authors present such a case treated by means of subtotal resection of sacrum and coccyx. In proximal sacral localizations and in other spinal localizations, surgery is a palliative procedure and can only slow down the evolution of the tumor; recurrence is a rule, even in association with radiotherapy. However surgical treatment must be often performed because of myeloradicular involvement.
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PMID:[Chordoma (a review of 11 cases)]. 210 Dec 15

Chordoma is considered to be a malignant, fatal tumor. According to most authors it constitutes between 1-4% of all malignant bone tumors. In 50% of the cases it is located in the sacrum, in 35% in the cervical spine and skull, and in 15% in the thoracic spine and elsewhere. It is an aggressive, locally invasive, slowly-growing tumor. Although metastases are rare, when they occur they are of an anaplastic type, especially in the lungs, liver, regional lymph nodes, skin and muscles. Chordoma is a rare tumor, and its location and slow growth often result in delayed diagnosis. Complete excision of the chordoma was formerly considered impossible. There is often local recurrence, and often, by its very nature, excision results in neurological defects. Lately, there is more optimism regarding complete cure, due to more advanced surgical methods. We present a 66-year-old man in whom a tumor developed in the sacrococcygeal area and the right buttock. The tumor was diagnosed by CT, MRI and biopsy as a chordoma of the sacrum, without intra-abdominal infiltration. He was operated through a posterior approach, with complete resection of the tumor, including almost the whole sacrum and the coccyx. We consider this approach simpler than the abdominal-dorsal approach, which in cases of intra-abdominal infiltration is necessary. We regard this simple incision as a significant advance in the treatment of this condition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Posterior approach for excision of sacral chordoma]. 222 71

Six patients underwent translumbar amputation (TLA), a life-saving procedure, after standard modalities of therapy failed to control the progression of the disease. The primary diagnoses were as follows: pelvic arterial-venous (A-V) malformation, 1; sacral chordoma, 3; giant cell tumor of the sacrum, 1; and paraplegia with squamous cell cancer arising in intractable decubitus, 1. There were no operative deaths. The following postoperative complications developed in five patients: urinary fistulae, 2; small bowel obstruction, 1; intraabdominal bleeding, 1; hypertension, 2; small bowel fistula, 1; and dehiscence of skin closure, 1. Two patients died with distant metastases (24 months) and distant metastases with local recurrence (6 months). The remaining four patients were alive and well 72, 56, 48, and 18 months after the surgical procedure. All of these patients have reached the rehabilitation goals.
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PMID:Translumbar amputation. 234 Apr 66

A chordoma within the deep musculature adjacent to C3 and C4 was excised from a 14-year-old castrated domestic cat. Metastatic chordoma developed in a prescapular lymph node 10 months later. At necropsy 11 months after complete excision of the primary tumor, metastases were found in both retropharyngeal lymph nodes.
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PMID:Chordoma in a cat. 238 26


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