Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum CA 242, CA 19-9 and CEA concentrations were determined in 94 subjects divided into 5 groups: Group 1 consisted of 22 healthy subjects; Group 2 consisted of 40 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma; according to Cubilla and Fitzgerald's classification, 11 tumours were Stage I, 4 were Stage II, and 25 were Stage III. Group 3 consisted of 10 chronic pancreatitis patients, group 4 of 10 acute pancreatitis patients, group 5 of 12 patients with nonpancreatic digestive carcinomas. Ten of these 12 patients had distant metastases. The sensitivity of CA 19-9 in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer was higher than that of CEA and CA 242 (p < 0.05 and p < 0.005, respectively). In Stage I cancer patients the sensitivity of the markers studied was less than 50% (45% for CA 19-9, 18% for CEA, and 9% for CA 242) whereas most of the 25 patients with metastatic tumours of the pancreas had elevated serum levels of all 3 markers. The various combinations of the three markers did not significantly improve the sensitivity in diagnosing pancreatic cancer. No relationship was found between the localization of the tumour and the serum levels of the 3 markers studied. Similarly, no differences were found between patients with cholestasis and those without. The specificity of the 3 markers, evaluated in patients with benign pancreatic diseases, was 100% for CA 242, 90% for CA 199 and 70% for CEA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Serum CA 242 in pancreatic cancer. Comparison with CA 19-9 and CEA. 856 94

Peripheral intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a fairly uncommon type of cancer in Italy which may be misdiagnosed as a metastasis from extrahepatic adenocarcinoma. In all, 22 cases of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma were diagnosed at the Radiology Department of the University of Brescia, Italy, from 1989 to 1994. The patients were 15 men and 7 women and their age ranged 30-77 years. Most of them underwent US examinations because of abdominal pain, weight loss or a general malaise and, less frequently, for signs of cholestasis. Hepatic cirrhosis was found in 8 patients. US showed a single nodular lesion with irregular margins in 6 cases and a large nodule with adjacent smaller satellite nodules in 12 cases. In the other 4 subjects, an infiltrative and diffuse lesion with no apparent nodules was observed. US showed hypoechoic lesions in 17 cases and both hypo- and hyperechoic areas in the other patients. The main nodular lesion was 1-3 cm in diameter in 2 cases, 3-10 cm in 15 and over 10 cm in 6 cases. Both hepatic lobes were involved in 14 patients. Twenty-one of 22 patients were submitted to CT and 3 to MR examinations. Both techniques confirmed US findings of an intrahepatic tumor but they did not help locating its origin in the intrahepatic biliary tract. Therefore, every patient was submitted to US-guided fine needle biopsy which allowed the correct diagnosis to be made in 12 cases. The remaining 10 patients had an initial diagnosis of adenocarcinoma metastases and only further studies of the histologic specimens, performed after a series of useless and negative exams (e.g., barium enema and endoscopy), allowed ICC to be correctly diagnosed. Since no typical pattern of this type of cancer can be observed with US, CT or MR examinations, we suggest that US-guided fine needle biopsy be used as the method of choice, which however needs a fruitful cooperation between the radiologist and the pathologist.
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PMID:[Peripheral intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The role of imaging diagnosis and fine-needle biopsy]. 864 51

Nineteen consecutive patients with malignant hilar obstruction were imaged with angiography, CT portography, and ultrasonography with color and spectral Doppler technique; all had surgical pathologic correlation. At surgery, 12 of 19 patients (63%) were found to have portal vein involvement; 15 of 19 (79%) had parenchymal invasion; and 11 of 19 (58%) had lobar atrophy. Level of biliary obstruction was determined in seven of 19 patients (37%) without drainage catheters. No difference was found between ultrasonography and angiography with CT portography for diagnosis of atrophy, level of bile duct obstruction, hepatic involvement, or venous invasion. Extrahepatic metastases in nine of 19 patients (47%) were poorly predicted by both CT portography and ultrasonography.
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PMID:Malignant hepatic hilar tumors: can ultrasonography be used as an alternative to angiography with CT arterial portography for determination of resectability? 866 82

Drug-induced cholestasis may be due to impairment of hepatocellular bile secretion (pure cholestasis or cholestatic hepatitis), obstruction of ductules (cholangiolitis) or interlobular ducts (cholangitis), or extrahepatic obstruction (sclerosing cholangitis). Mechanisms of hepatocellular cholestasis are multiple and include inhibition of various transport systems, cytoskeleton poisoning, disturbed intracellular calcium homeostasis and increased permeability with regurgitation of bile constituents into plasma. Pure hepatocellular cholestasis is mostly observed with sex steroid hormones and anabolic steroids. Ductular or ductal cholestasis (drug-induced cholangiopathy) may be acute and self-limited, or prolonged with ductopenia, occasionally leading to biliary cirrhosis. An immune mechanism has been proposed. Sclerosing cholangitis with strictures near the confluent of hepatic ducts is observed after intraarterial administration of floxuridine for chemotherapy of hepatic metastases. Some drugs may induce the formation of cholesterol gallstones, or precipitate in bile and form biliary sludge or stones in the gallbladder or common bile duct.
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PMID:Drug-induced cholestasis. 913 22

We investigated the possible causative role of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the paraneoplastic inflammatory syndrome and in paraneoplastic cholestasis (Stauffer syndrome) associated with renal-cell carcinoma in a series of 119 patients with metastases. IL-6 levels were found significantly higher in patients with paraneoplastic fever and weight loss. Patients with detectable serum IL-6 (n = 90, 76%) had significantly higher serum CRP, haptoglobin, and serum alkaline-phosphatase and gammaglutamyl-transferase levels. Platelets, polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) and monocyte counts were also significantly higher in patients with detectable serum IL-6; in contrast, hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in patients with serum IL-6 over 80 pg/ml. Three of these patients were included in a phase-II trial of an anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody given daily during 21 days. Reductions of CRP, haptoglobin and serum alkalin phosphatases were observed in all 3 patients during anti-IL-6 administration, with a subsequent increase up to or above pre-treatment levels after the end of anti-IL-6. Decrease of platelets, PMN and monocyte counts were also observed in the 3 patients during anti-IL-6 administration, with a normalization of cell counts in a patient with increased platelets, PMN and monocyte counts. Hemoglobin concentration, serum albumin concentration and lymphocyte counts remained stable in the 3 patients during and after anti-IL-6 administration. Serum IL-6, as evaluated by IRMA, decreased in the 3 patients during anti-IL-6 administration, but increased above pre-treatment levels after the end of anti-IL-6 administration. These results demonstrate that IL-6 is involved in the physiopathology of paraneoplastic syndromes observed in patients with metastatic renal-cell carcinoma, in particular CRP and haptoglobin increase, paraneoplastic cholestasis, also paraneoplastic thrombocytosis, neutrophilia and monocytosis.
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PMID:Role of interleukin-6 in the paraneoplastic inflammatory syndrome associated with renal-cell carcinoma. 924 85

We report three cases of postoperative recurrent cholangitis due to a defective hepaticojejunal anastomosis. Causal diseases were alveolar echinococcosis of the liver, alcoholic chronic pancreatitis, liver colorectal metastases. Clinical presentation included major cholestasis and cachexia. Imaging explorations showed that cholangitis was due to an inversion of the Roux-en-Y jejunal loop which had been disposed in a wrong position. Clinical improvement was remarkable after reoperation and replacement of the defective loop in the right position. This exceptional cause of postoperative cholangitis after Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunal anastomosis must be identified and treated by prompt restorative surgery.
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PMID:[Reoperation for recurrent cholangitis due to a defect in the hepatico-jejunal anastomosis]. 1041 16

We report the case of a 35-year-old female patient with a metastasized carcinoid of the papilla of Vater which is a rare lesion. 96 cases have been published in world literature previously. The carcinoid of the papilla of Vater appears typically as a hormone inactive tumor. It becomes symptomatic by cholestasis and jaundice in most cases and not by carcinoid-syndrome. An association with von Recklinghausen's disease as described in 25% of cases was not given in our patient. In contrast to the duodenal carcinoid there is no linear relationship between primary tumor size and incidence of metastases. The correct diagnosis was proven by histologic and immunohistochemical methods on specimen taken after endoscopic papillotomy. In spite of sensitive diagnostic methods like endosonography and somatostatin-receptor-scintigraphy exact staging was made intraoperatively in this case. Three months after pylorus pancreatoduodenal resection with lymphadenectomy the patient remained well with no evidence of tumor recurrence.
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PMID:[35-year-old patient with metastasized carcinoid of Vater's ampulla--case report and review of the literature]. 1052 66

Metastatic melanoma is renowned for its propensity to spread to almost every organ of the body; however, symptomatic metastases within the biliary tree are very rare. We report two cases of bile duct obstruction from metastatic melanoma. The first case was caused by an intraluminal metastatic melanoma to the common bile duct, while the second case was caused by extraluminal involvement. The unique aspects of these cases include clinical presentations masquerading as biliary colic, cholangitis and obstructive jaundice. Management and follow up for 3 years is presented. Aspects of medical and surgical management, as well as a review of the world's literature are discussed.
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PMID:Malignant melanoma metastatic to the common bile duct. 1112 34

Hepatic arterial infusion of floxuridine is an effective treatment for unresectable hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. Despite its pharmacological advantage of higher tumor drug concentration with minimal systemic toxicity, hepatic arterial infusion of floxuridine is characterized by regional toxicity, including hepatobiliary damage resembling idiopathic sclerosing cholangitis (5-29% of treated cases). Unlike previous reports describing biliary damage of both intrahepatic and extrahepatic ducts, a case series of extrahepatic biliary stenosis after hepatic arterial infusion with floxuridine is herein described. Between September 1993 and February 1999, 54 patients received intraarterial hepatic chemotherapy based on continuous infusion of floxuridine (dose escalation 0.15-0.30 mg/kg/day for 14 days every 28 days) plus dexamethasone 28 mg. Twenty-seven patients underwent laparotomy to implant the catheter into the hepatic artery, the other 27 patients receiving a percutaneous catheter into the hepatic artery through a transaxillary access. Five patients (9.2%) developed biliary toxicity with jaundice and cholangitis (3 cases), alterations of liver function tests and radiological features of biliary tract abnormalities. They received from 9 to 19 cycles (mean 14.5 +/- 6.3 cycles) of floxuridine infusion with a total drug delivered dose ranging from 20.3 to 41.02 mg/kg (mean: 31.4 +/- 13.5 mg/kg). Extrahepatic biliary sclerosis was discovered by computed tomography scan and ultrasound, followed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and/or percutaneous cholangiography in 3 cases. Radiological findings included common hepatic duct complete obstruction in 1 case, common hepatic duct stenosis in 2 cases, common bile duct obstruction in 1 case, and intrahepatic bile ducts dilation without a well-recognized obstruction in 1 case. Two patients were treated by sequentially percutaneous biliary drainage and balloon dilation while 1 patient had an endoscopic transpapillary biliary prosthesis placed. Percutaneous or endoscopic procedures obtained the improvement of hepatic function and cholestatic indexes without subsequent jaundice or cholangitis. In two patients suppression of floxuridine infusion allowed the improvement of hepatic function. The present series suggests that in some patients receiving hepatic arterial infusion of floxuridine extrahepatic biliary stenosis may represent the primary event leading to a secondary intrahepatic biliary damage that does not correlate with specific floxuridine toxicity but results from bile stasis and infection, recurrent cholangitis and eventually biliary sclerosis. Aggressive research for extrahepatic biliary sclerosis is advised, since an early nonsurgical treatment of extrahepatic biliary stenosis may prevent an irreversible intrahepatic biliary sclerosis worsening the prognosis of metastatic liver disease.
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PMID:Extrahepatic biliary stenoses after hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of floxuridine (FUdR) for liver metastases from colorectal cancer. 1167 51

A case of cholestasis due to a synchronous pancreatic head metastasis from an occult lobular breast carcinoma is presented. The patient had a clinical and radiological picture compatible with a pancreatic head primary tumor with cholestasis and ascites. Ultrasonographically guided fine needle aspiration cytology demonstrated a metastatic breast lobular cancer (positive for cytokeratin AE1 and AE3, cytokeratin 7 and epithelial membrane antigen and negative for cytokeratin 20, CA 19.9, CA 125, CEA and estrogenic receptors). The same cytologic findings were observed in skin and subcutaneous armpit nodules. Clinical and radiological breast examination was unable to demonstrate any tumor in the breast. Pancreatic metastases are rare events and the majority of them are secondary to renal and lung cancer and rarely to breast cancer. In these latter cases, metastases are usually disclosed after a disease-free interval of months or years between primary tumor resection and recognition of the pancreatic tumor. Synchronous presentation is extremely rare. Metastases of epithelial origin are uncommon in pancreas and generally are first misdiagnosed as primary pancreatic cancer. Fine needle aspiration is a useful tool for the differential diagnosis in patients with widespread disease.
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PMID:[Pancreatic tumor: an unusual presentation of an occult breast carcinoma]. 1187 67


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