Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using the simple thin layer polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, serum alkaline phosphatase could be separated 5 isozyme bands in various digestive diseases, consisting of 54 cases of gastric cancer, 11 of colonic cancer, 12 of hepatoma, 4 of cholangioma, 14 of pancreatic cancer, 81 of benign hepatobilliary diseases, 13 of cancers of other organs and 61 of control. The obtained results were as follows: 1) The electrophoretic analysis of serum alkaline phosphatase showed the specific band remaining at the origin, already reported as "alkaline phosphatase O", in primary and metastatic cancer of the liver and cholelithiasis. On the contrary, alkaline phosphatase O was never found in gastric and colonic cancer without cholelithiasis. On the contrary, alkaline phosphatase O was never found in gastric and colonic cancer without cancerous metastasis to the liver, and it was also inclined to be positive with the progress of liver metastasis among them. 2) Intestinal alkaline phosphatase was usually found in higher frequency in blood group B and O than in the others, and it was apt to disappear in gastric or colonic cancer with an exacerbation of its cancerous lesions. 3) Heat-stable alkaline phosphatase was found in 10% of gastric or colonic cancer, all of which were histologically proved to be well differentiated adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Serum alkaline phosphatase (Al-Pase) isozyme in gastric and colonic cancer (using a simple thin layer polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). 21 41

Plasma and 24-h urinary adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) were measured by radioimmunoassay in 12 normal subjects, 33 patients with six types of non-neoplastic disease (cholelithiasis, peptic ulcer, coronary heart disease, hypertension, regional ileitis, and cirrhosis), and 34 patients with five types of disseminated neoplastic disease (acute myelocytic leukemia; Hodgkin's disease; and metastatic cancer of the lung, colon, and breast). In patients with non-neoplastic disease, cyclic nucleotide values in plasma and urine did not differ significantly (P greater than 0.05) from those in normal subjects. In patients with disseminated cancer, cyclic AMP values in plasma and urine likewise did not differ significantly from those in normal subjects. Plasma cyclic GMP, in contrast, was significantly elevated in all five types of cancer patients, and urinary cyclic GMP was significantly elevated (five times the normal mean) in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:Plasma and urine cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate in disseminated cancer. 22 52

Diabetes mellitus, steatorrhea, cholelithiasis and a tumor distorting the duodenum prompted a work-up for somatostatinoma in a 52-year-old man. The responses of pancreatic B-cells but not of A-cells to nutrient stimuli were inhibited, and growth-hormone release was suppressed, suggesting somatostatin resistance in some target tissues. Plasma somatostatin-like immunoreactivity ranged from 9000 to 13,000 pg per milliliter (normal: 88+/-8, mean +/- S.E.M.) and was distributed in four molecular forms, including free somatostatin. The primary tumor contained 5 microgram of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity per milligram of wet tissue, distributed in three of the molecular forms noted in plasma. Plasma calcitonin was also elevated (4650 pg per milliliter; normal: less than 120). Immunocytochemical studies showed that cells of the primary tumor contained somatostatin and calcitonin but no other peptide hormones. Only somatostatin was present in the metastases. Somatostatin was localized electron microscopically in all secretory granules, irrespective of size and shape, whereas calcitonin was present only within a single subpopulation of small granules in the same cells.
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PMID:Somatostatinoma syndrome. Biochemical, morphologic and clinical features. 37 80

Metastatic involvement of the gallbladder in melanoma is rare, but constitutes the most common metastatic lesion involving this organ. Two cases of metastatic melanoma to the gallbladder with radiographic evidence of gallbladder abnormality prior to surgery are presented. These cases are compared to the nine previously reported cases of metastatic melanoma to the gallbladder with abnormal cholecystograms. All eleven cases presented with signs and symptoms compatible with cholecystitis. Nine of the eleven patients had a previous melanoma primary and most had other extrabiliary metastases. Associated cholelithiasis appeared to be only incidental. In addition, nine reported cases of "primary" biliary melanoma were reviewed. Clinical and pathologic presentations in the latter cases were similar to the former cases with metastases. Seventy-eight percent had extrabiliary sites of metastasis at some time in the course of their disease, tending to refute the impression of "primary" biliary melanoma. Melanoma in the gallbladder is much more likely to have metastasized from a regressed skin primary than to have arisen de novo. The two reported cases and the 18 cases from the literature indicate that the physician must consider gallbladder metastasis in melanoma patients presenting with symptoms compatible with cholecystitis.
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PMID:Metastatic melanoma of the gallbladder. 38 9

Computerised tomography produces an excellent image of the liver. The author discusses the relevant technical factors such as the use of window levels and window widths, tissue attenuation values and filtering. The importance of the applied anatomy and the use of contrast agents are discussed and then the findings on computed tomography in clinical practice are presented. The lesions that can be visualised include cysts, abscesses, primary tumours, metastases, fatty liver, subphrenic abscess, dilated bile ducts and cholelithiasis as well as surrounding ascites. These appearances are described and illustrated.
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PMID:Computerised tomography and the liver. 58 11

The usefulness of the CEA as an indicator of recurrence and a guide to selected second-look surgery was evaluated from a retrospective analysis of 358 patients with colorectal cancer and from a prospective experience with 16 patients all of whom had been admitted for second-look surgery because of postoperative elevations of CEA only. Our previous experience had shown that after curative resection the CEA usually returned to normal levels (less than 5 ng/ml) within one month, but became elevated at time of clinically obvious recurrence being very high in patients with liver metastases, but only moderately elevated or normal in patients with local recurrence. All 16 patients had previously had curative resection of colorectal cancer; 13 in the rectum or rectosigmoid and three in the right colon. There were 13 Dukes' C and three Dukes' B cancers. All had been followed clinically and by CEA testing at three monthly intervals and were considered free of disease (NED) at time of CEA elevation. The median disease free interval was 13 months (range 4-57 months) and the median CEA prompting admission for second-look operation was 21 ng/ml (range 10-56 ng/ml). The sites of recurrence were liver in six, lung in two and localized disease in six. Two patients had negative exploration for recurrence and were found to have cholelithiasis only (one of these later died of metastases). Resection for cure was done in seven and palliative resection or biopsy only was done in nine patients. At this time, four patients are NED (12-37 months), five are living with disease (10-16 months) and seven have died of disease (2-12 months). The CEA test provides a method of early detection of recurrence and may permit surgical retrieval in selected patients and earlier initiation of palliation in other patients. The longterm effects in patient salvage remain to be defined.
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PMID:Use of CEA as an indicator of early recurrence and as a guide to a selected second-look procedure in patients with colorectal cancer. 69 33

Grey-scale ultrasonography was performed without access to detailed clinical information in a prospective study of 55 jaundiced patients. Forty-one were eventually proved to have an extrahepatic obstructive cause, and 14 had intrahepatic "medical" disease. Satisfactory ultrasound images were obtained in 54 patients, and the bile duct calibre was correctly reported in 53 (96%). All 14 medical cases were correctly identified. Two patients with gallstones (one with a normal sized duct) were incorrectly classified as medical. A specific and correct disease diagnosis was given in five of the 14 medical cases (one metastases, four cirrhosis), and in 23 of the 41 obstructive cases (12/14 pancreatic cancer, 5/15 gallstones), 5/5 bile duct compression, 1/3 bile duct cancer. Ultrasonography is safe, cheap, and acceptable to patients. It should be the first imaging investigation in jaundiced patients, providing remarkable diagnostic accuracy and important guidance for further management.
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PMID:Grey-scale ultrasonography in cholestatic jaundice. 76 37

Ultrasound is high frequency mechanical vibration. As far as is presently known, there are no harmful effects of ultrasound at the energy levels used in currently available commercial ultrasonic scanners. Ultrasonic studies are independent of organ function, are painless, and require nor special preparation. Ultrasonic scanning is useful in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease, especially in the detection of complications of pancreatitis such as pancreatic abscess or pseudocyst, and in diagnosing pancreatic carcinoma. Gallstones and dilation of the biliary tree can be detected ultrasonically even when the patient is jaundiced. Primary liver tumors and hepatic metastases can often be demonstrated. Intraabdominal abscesses are better investigated by ultrasound than by any other means currently available. Ultrasonic scanning also provides a sensitive means of detecting ascites. Ultrasonic control of needle placement has been suggested for pancreatic and liver biopsy, for aspiration of intraabdominal fluid collections, and for percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Ultrasonic B-mode scans provide undistorted images of cross sections through the abdomen which can be used in radiotherapy planning to localize tumor masses and to place kidney shields accurately. Organ volumes can be estimated from a set of ultrasonic B-mode scans without any assumptions being made as to the shape of the organ.
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PMID:The use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of gastroenterological disease. 76 96

A series of 76 patients treated for carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts at three Swedish hospitals during the years 1952 to 1973 was studied. The mean age of the patients was 68 years. Gallstones were found in 22 patients, whereas 11 patients had undergone cholecystectomy earlier for gallstone disease. At operation widespread metastases were found less often in patients with cancer of the papilla of Vater than in patients with cancer of other locations. This is interpreted as indicating that patients with papillary carcinoma are treated in an earlier stagage of the disease. This interpretation is supported by the finding that these patients had a longer length of survival after bypass supported by the finding that these patients had a longer length of survival after bypass supported by the finding that these patients had a longer length of survival after bypass operations (11.5 months). In spite of treatment in an early stage, survival after radical surgery was disappointingly short (4.6 months). On the other hand, patients with cancer located above the papilla of Vater survived for 6.8 months after bypass operations as compared with 23.3 months after rescetion. The possibilities of radical surgery should be considered carefully, especially in patients in whom the malignancy is located above the papillary region.
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PMID:Malignant tumors of the extrahepatic bile ducts. 83 90

An unusual case of melanoma of the gallbladder is reported. It is the fourth reported case with roentgenographic demonstration. It presented clinically as cholecystitis and radiologically as a larger solitary defect within the gallbladder accompanied by cholelithiasis. It is probably a metastatic deposit although no other metastases were demonstrated.
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PMID:The radiology corner. Malignant melanoma of the gallbladder. 120 19


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